• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.269-276
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• 1976

This experiment was conducted to find out how to increase efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen and how to change the weed population with different methods of nitrogen application. Mudball deep placement, at 10-12cm soil depth, produced significantly the highest grain yield within the application methods with same amount of nitrogen (60kg N/ha). It produced also same grain yield with conventional application methods, timely split application method, with 90kg N/ha. Basal application of nitrogen increased weed population and it showed higher dry weight of weed than top dressing methods at early growth stage of rice.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.153-168
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• 2017

The main objective of this study was to assess reference evapotranspiration based on multiple GCMs (General Circulation Models) and estimation methods. In this study, 10 GCMs based on the RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) 4.5 scenario were used to estimate reference evapotranspiration. 54 ASOS (Automated Synoptic Observing System) data were constructed by statistical downscaling techniques. The meteorological variables of precipitation, maximum temperature and minimum temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation were produced using GCMs. For the past and future periods, we estimated reference evapotranspiration by GCMs and analyzed the statistical characteristics and analyzed its uncertainty. Five methods (BC: Blaney-Criddle, HS: Hargreaves-Samani, MK: Makkink, MS: Matt-Shuttleworth, and PM: Penman-Monteith) were selected to analyze the uncertainty by reference evapotranspiration estimation methods. We compared the uncertainty of reference evapotranspiration method by the variable expansion and analyzed which variables greatly influence reference evapotranspiration estimation. The posterior probabilities of five methods were estimated as BC: 0.1792, HS: 0.1775, MK: 0.2361, MS: 0.2054, and PM: 0.2018. The posterior probability indicated how well reference evapotranspiration estimated with 10 GCMs for five methods reflected the estimated reference evapotranspiration using the observed data. Through this study, we analyzed the overall characteristics of reference evapotranspiration according to GCMs and reference evapotranspiration estimation methods The results of this study might be used as a basic data for preparing the standard method of reference evapotranspiration to derive the water management method under climate change.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.84-88
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• 2001

Two methods of nitrogen application at the 4th leaf stage were evaluated in direct-seeding rice cultivation on dry paddy soil: one was the top dressing of nitrogen on dry paddy condition before irrigation (TNDP) for labor saving, and the other was the top dressing of nitrogen on dry paddy with mechanical rotavation of the inter-row space (TNDPIR) for increasing the efficiency of nitrogen. To evaluate these two application methods, leaf chlorophyll contents, growth characteristics and yields were compared with two conventional methods, basal application (BA) and top dressing on flooded paddy condition at the 4th leaf stage (TNFP). The SPAD value of rice in TNDP was similar with that in TNFP throughout the whole growth stage of rice. Also, there were no differences in rice growth and yield between the two methods. However, in TNDPIR, the SPAD value was the highest during tillering stage among the four application methods, and the tiller number, LAI at heading stage and the panicle number were higher than the two conventional methods.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.435-444
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• 2010

To identify and evaluate the risk factors in WMSD work, a number of ergonomic workload evaluation methods have been developed. In the legal examination of WMSD risk factors, simple observational workload evaluation methods are widely used instead of using costly measurement equipments such as EMG and motion analyzer. The simple workload evaluation methods can be categorized into three groups; risk factor checklist methods, posture observation methods, and manual material handling task evaluation methods. In terms of the categories, this survey summarized several representative workload evaluation methods and compared them each other. Then some industrial application cases referring each the workload evaluation methods were surveyed. Due to the characteristics of each method, the selection and application procedure of workload evaluation method should be appropriate for the corresponding work. Therefore, some guidelines for the selection and application procedure of workload evaluation method were suggested.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.35-45
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• 2021

Digestate or slurry produced from anaerobic digestion is mostly applied to crop lands for its disposal and recovering nutrients. However, minimizing nitrogen losses following field application of the digestate is important for maximizing the plant's nitrogen uptake and reducing environmental concerns. This study was conducted to assess the effects of three different biogas digestate application techniques (sawdust mixed with digestate (SSD), the hole application method (HA), and digestate injected in the soil (SD)) on nitrate leaching potential in the soil. A pot laboratory experiment was conducted at room temperature of 25 ± 2 ℃ for 107 days. The experimental results showed that sawdust application method turned out to be appropriate for quick immobilization of surplus N in the form of microbial biomass N, reflecting its lower total nitrogen and NH₄-N contents and low pH. The NH₄-N and total nitrogen fate in the soil fertilized with manure showed no statistically significant (p > 0.05) differences between the different methods applied during the incubation time under room temperature. In contrast, NO₃-N concentration indicates significant reduction in sawdust treatment (p < 0.05) compared to the control and other application methods. However, the soil sawdust mixed with digestate was more effective than the other methods, because of the cumulative labile carbon contents of the amendment, which implies soil net N immobilization.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.123-128
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• 2001

This study was carried out to determine the effects of sowing methods after herbicide application on botanical composition, forage yield and chemical contents in the pasture dominated Hypochoeris radicata in Jeju area over two years. It was arranged as a randomized block design with five treatrnents(contro1: none, TI : herbicide application, T2 : herbicide application + oversowing, T3 : herbicide application + overdrilling, T4 : herbicide application + cultivation). In the pasture dominated Hypochoeris radicata, the herbicide (dicamba) treatments improved grass rate with orchardgrass and perennial ryegrass by 97%. The DM yield per ha were much higher(p<0.05) in T2(7,152kg), T3(7,608kg) and T4(8,010kg) than that of control. The chemical compositions of grass (% of DM basis) were not different among treatments, but the overdrilling and cultivation treatments tended to increase the forage crude protein(CP). These results indicate that oversowing or overdrilling after herbicide application can efficiently improve botanical compositions and forage productivity in the pasture dominated Hypochoeris radicata. (Key words : Herbicide, Sowing methods, Botanical composition, Forage production)

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.155-165
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• 2021

With the continuous development and progress of science and technology, the field of mixed reality applications has involved scientific research, medicine, entertainment, education, information dissemination, and people's daily lives; This paper will focus on the application of mixed reality in the field of education and teaching, relying on the characteristics of mixed reality technology. This article will use the combination of mixed reality and smart glasses to fully consider the characteristics of photography darkroom teaching, design and produce a mixed reality photography darkroom teaching software, and explore the feasibility of the application of mixed reality in teaching. This paper will use literature research methods, practical research methods, and survey methods as the main methods of research topics to determine the importance, feasibility, and necessity of the relevant theories studied in this paper. The application of mixed reality technology in photography darkroom teaching can not only solve many problems in the existing darkroom teaching methods, but also develop and expand students' Independent learning ability. It is concluded from this that mixed reality teaching software has the feasibility of sustainable development, which brings particular application value to the development and research of other education and art discipline software.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.25-34
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• 1996

The purpose of this experimental study was conducted to examine the most effective modality between two methods of cold application(ice pack and cold spray), the most effective length of time for the application and the continuing effect after each type of cold application. Sixty students were assigned randomly to each of two cold application methods; (a) ice pack, (2) cold spray. Each methods was applied to the posterior surface of right forearm with subject in the sitting position. Skin temperature and the electrical stimulation induced pain threshold were measured before each application and every five degree ($^{\circ}C$) decline point after ice pack application. They were also measured point of minimum skin temperature after cold spray application. The results of this study are as follows; 1. Skin temperatures according to the cold spray application decreased to a range of $4.2^{\circ}C{\sim}9.2^{\circ}C$(male, p<0.001), $3.6^{\circ}C{\sim}7.6^{\circ}C$(female, p<0.001). 2. Pain threshold according to the cold spray application increased to a range of $0.6mA{\sim}1.9mA$(male, p<0.01), $1.2mA{\sim}3.86mA$(female, p>0.05).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2003

Herbicidal activity of $\delta$-aminolevulinic acid(ALA), an intermediate for the biosynthesis of tetrapyrroles such as chlorophyll, heme, bacteriochlorophyll, and vitamin $\textrm{B}_{12}$ analogues, was examined to determine the variation in phytotoxic potential against different plant species as affected by different application methods. Seed-soaking treatment, ALA at low concentrations did not affect shoot and root lengths of test plants while at highest concentration reduced them by 20 to 30%. Alfalfa showed the most tolerant response to ALA in both pre- and post-emergence application, and followed by rice. When applied with pre-emergence, cotyledons of Chinese cabbage were severely bleached with 0.5 mM of ALA at 24 hrs after application, and root growth of rice, barnyard grass, and alfalfa was significantly inhibited with increasing of concentration. With post-emergence application, ALA at 2 to 4 mM reduced shoot and root growths of Chinese cabbage and barnyard grass completely. Herbicidal effects of ALA were more enhanced in the treatment combined with 2,2-dipyridyl sthan single application in barnyard grass and Chinese cabbage. The results suggest that alfalfa was the most tolerant to ALA among the tested plants, and that post-emergence application of ALA exhibited greatest photodynamic activity against tested plants.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.87-98
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• 2024

This study conducted an empirical study on the application of innovative teaching methods in the tourism field in a situation where innovative teaching methods suitable for the AI era are required. It was intended to provide exploratory basic data on the application of a wide range of innovative teaching methods through actual verification of the educational effectiveness before and after the application of the innovative teaching method. To this end, the effectiveness before and after education was empirically verified with 60 students who majored in tourism at Y University in the metropolitan area. Reliability analysis, corresponding sample t-test, and map analysis using graphs were performed on the collected data to increase visibility. As a result of the study, it was found that all the competencies of the innovative teaching method had a statistically significant influence after the application of the innovative teaching method. In addition, by increasing the effect of interaction between instructors and learners acting as facilitators, exploratory results were derived for potential benefits and areas that could be improved.