• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to estimate the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of mouth opening (MO) and patient satisfaction in surgically treated oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) patients. Materials and Methods: The status of MO was collected preoperatively (T0), postoperatively at 3 months (T1), and at a minimum of 6 months postoperatively (T2). MCID was determined through the anchor-based approach with the change difference method, mean change method, and receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) method. Results: In this study, 35 patients enrolled and completed postoperative follow-up (T2) averaging a duration of 18.1 months. At T1, using the change difference method, MO was 14.89 mm and the ROC curve exhibited a 11.5 gain in MO (sensitivity 81.8% and specificity 100%, area under the curve [AUC] of 0.902) and was classified as MCID as reported by patients. At T2, MCID of MO was 9.75 mm using the change difference method and 11.75 mm by the mean change method. The ROC curve revealed that the MCID of MO at T2 was 10.5 mm with 73.9% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity (AUC of 0.873). The kappa value was 0.91, confirming reliability of the data. Conclusion: This study demonstrated MCID values that indicate the clinical relevance of surgical treatment of OSMF if the minimum possible gain in MO is approximately 10 mm.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate applicability of the GMFM-88 in planning intervention for CP children. Specifically, this study assessed functional improvement after a four-week GMFM-88 item-based training in CP children divided into three age groups (${\leq}24$ months, 25-48 months, and >48 months) and five levels of the gross motor function classification system (GMFCS). Methods: Subjects were 264 children with CP (mean age 32.90 months) recruited from one CP clinic. The GMFM-88 item-based training was planned for each child, after an interview with its caregiver. To investigate functional improvement after the intervention, minimum important difference (MID) and MID proportion for the change in scores of GMFM-88 were calculated. Results: The GMFM-88 scores increased after the interventions in all three age groups (p<0.05). In particular, children with CP aged ${\leq}24$ months and at the GMFCS level II showed greater functional improvement after training. Conclusion: This study found that the GMFM-88 item-based training would be used to plan activity-oriented intervention both in clinic and home in each CP child.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

Clocking effects of a stator on the performance and internal flow in an UTRC 1.5 stage axial turbine are investigated using a three-dimensional unsteady flow simulation. Six relative positions of two rows of stator are investigated by positioning the second stator being clocked in a step of 1/6 pitch. The relative efficiency benefit of about 1% is obtained depending on the clocking positions. However, internal flows have some different characteristics from that in the previous study at the best and worst efficiency positions, since the first stator wake is mixed out with the rotor wake before arriving at the leading edge of the second stator. Instead of the first stator wake, it is found that the wake interaction of the first stator and rotor has a important role on a relative efficiency variation at each clocking position. The time-averaged local efficiency along the span at the maximum efficiency is more uniform than that at the minimum efficiency. That is, the spanwise efficiency distribution at the minimum efficiency has larger values in mid-span but smaller values near the hub and casing in comparison to those at the maximum efficiency. Moreover, the difference between maximum and minimum instantaneous efficiencies during one period is found to be smaller at the maximum efficiency than at the minimum efficiency.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2005년도 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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• pp.473-480
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• 2005

Clocking effects of a stator on the performance and internal flow in an UTRC 1.5 stage axial turbine are investigated using a three-dimensional unsteady flow simulation. Six relative positions of two rows of stator are investigated by positioning the second stator being clocked in a step of 1/6 pitch. The relative efficiency benefit of about 1% is obtained depending on the clocking positions. However, internal flows have some different characteristics from that in the previous study at the best and worst efficiency positions, since be first stator wake is mixed out with the rotor wake before arriving at the leading edge of the second stator. Instead of the first stator wake, it is found that the wake interaction of the first stator and rotor has a important role on a relative efficiency variation at each clocking position. The time-averaged local efficiency along the span at the maximum efficiency is more uniform than that at the minimum efficiency. That is, the spanwise efficiency distribution at the minimum efficiency has larger values in mid-span but smaller values near the hub and casing in comparison to those at the maximum efficiency. Moreover, the difference between maximum and minimum instantaneous efficiencies during one period is found to be smaller at the maximum efficiency than at the minimum efficiency.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.26-28
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• 2007

The motion estimation is the most important technique in the image compression of the video standards. In the case of next generation standards in the video codec as H.264, a high compression-efficiency can be also obtained by using a motion compensation. To obtain the accurate motion search, a motion estimation should be achieved up to 1/2 pixel and 1/4 pixel uiuts. To do this, the computational complexity is increased although the image compression rate is increased. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the advanced sub-pixel block matching algorithm to reduce the computational complexity by using a statistical characteristics of SAD(Sum of Absolute Difference). Generally, the probability of the minimum SAD values is high when searching point is in the distance 1 from the reference point. Thus, we reduced the searching area and then we can overcome the computational complexity problem. The main concept of proposed algorithm, which based on TSS(Three Step Search) method, first we find three minimum SAD points which is in integer distance unit, and then, in second step, the optimal point is in 1/2 pixel unit either between the most minimum SAD value point and the second minimum SAD point or between the most minimum SAD value point and the third minimum SAD point In third step, after finding the smallest SAD value between two SAD values on 1/2 pixel unit, the final optimized point is between the most minimum SAD value and the result value of the third step, in 1/2 pixel unit i.e., 1/4 pixel unit in totally. The conventional TSS method needs an eight.. search points in the sub-pixel steps in 1/2 pixel unit and also an eight search points in 1/4 pixel, to detect the optimal point. However, in proposed algorithm, only total five search points are needed. In the result. 23 % improvement of processing speed is obtained.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.556-566
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 EBMF(Edge Based Median Filter)와 3-Step AMPDF(Adaptive Minimum Pixel Difference Filter) 기반의 움직임 적응 디인터레이싱 알고리즘을 제안 한다. 움직임 적응 방법에서 중요한 요소인 motion missing에 의한 에러를 방지하기 위해 입력 영상을 4 가지 유형으로 구분하여 각 영상에 따라 다른 임계 값을 사용하여 정확한 화소 값을 보간 하는 AMPDF를 사용하며 움직이는 대각선 에지의 효과적인 보간을 위하여 에지에 따라 가변적인 후보 픽셀을 선택하는 EBMF를 사용하여 성능을 향상시켰다. 또한 성능을 높이기 위해 입력되는 영상을 움직임 영역, 정지 영역, 경계 영역으로 나누어 적응적으로 보간 하였으며 모의 실험을 통해 기존의 방법들에 비해 성능이 우수함을 보였다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 제39회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1110-1111
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• 2008

The life time of PV module is semi-permanent. But, because of installation and module fabrication process, its important part can not be finished. In this paper, we analyze 15 years old modules made from different company. Among the PV modules, the maximum power drop ratio was 12.23% minimum and 80.63% maximum. Also the effect of solar cell's short circuit current difference was analyzed. The PV module exposed about 65days, its the maximum power drop ratio was 1.29% minimum and 23.43% maximum. It is for reduction of current value. And the reason for current reduction was due to reduction of parallel resistance of solar cell. To prevent early degradation, it is need to have attention to fabrication, installation and maintenance.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.187-207
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• 2021

This study examined the perception of farmers who employ foreign workers. A survey was conducted on 110 farms, and the main research results are as follows. First, as many farmers hire foreign workers in informal ways other than the employment permit system or seasonal worker programs, it is important to increase the number of registered foreign workers through the employment permit system or seasonal worker programs. Second, it is important to improve farmers' perception of compliance with the minimum wage, as some farmers pay wages below the legal minimum wage. Third, the subjective productivity evaluation results of farmers showed that the difference in labor productivity between foreigners and foreigners was not significant. This means that hiring foreign workers is due to other factors such as ease of management and cost rather than productivity. Fourth, many farmers were willing to hire existing foreign workers even if they paid extra wages after the expiration of the employment permit system. Finally, promotion and improvement of the additional system for foreign workers' workplaces are needed to solve problems caused by foreign employment during off-farming season.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

항행속력규제는 통항안전성을 확보하기 위한 중요한 요소로서, 지금까지는 최고속력규제에 대하여만 연구 검토되어지고 있다. 최근 우리나라 항만에서는 중량물 운반용 예부선 등을 포함한 저속 항행선박으로 인하여 선박운항자의 위험부담감은 점점 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 저속선박에 대한 최저속력 규제의 필요여부와 교통용량별 적정 최저속력을 산출하여 제안하였다. 이 연구의 구체적인 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 시간당 통항척수가 5척의 경우에 최저속력을 5kts 이상으로 설정하면 속력규제 효과가 높다 (2) 시간당 통항척수가 10척 이상의 경우에 최저속력을 7kts로 설정하여야 속력규제 효과가 다소 있다 (3) 반면에, 통항척수가 많은 해역에서는 상대속력차가 적은 선박이 다수 발생하여, 선박 간 좁은 이격거리로 장시간 항행하여야 하므로 최저속력규제의 효과가 없는 것으로 판단된다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of wrist position on grip strength. A Grip-Strength is measurement of muscle strength in hand. It is evaluated for the motor function and handicap of hand, projection of treatment plan. It is important because correct treatment. Methods: Total 80 college students were participated in this study, who consisted of 40 males and 40 females(age range: $20{\sim}26$). A Grip-Strength Dynamometer was used to measure the grip strength in three wrist position(flexion, extension, neutral position) and two elbow position(supination, pronation). The ANOVA was conducted to determine any significant difference in grip strength between the wrist position and the two elbow position. Results: The results were as follows: 1. The grip strength was affected by wrist position changes. 2. The difference of grip strength according to elbow position Was not significant difference (p>0.01). 3. The grip strength i1l neutral position was strongest among 3 position of wrist (p<0.01). Conclusion: A Grip-Strength was significant difference in wrist position. Pronation position was minimum grip-strength but not significant difference between supination and pronation.