• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.223-229
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• 2013

It is not known in details for the A.D. period as the archaeomagnetic dating method to be fully facilitated in Korea but it has prepared for the revised shape of standard curve to trace the geomagnetic field variation, and there were cases to increase the survey on relics on the B.C. period to find out for the detailed archaeomagnetic field variation on the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age. Furthermore, the survey cases on the relics on the Neolithic Age began to emerge a little by little archaeomagnetic field variation of the Neolithic Age through 34 pieces of the archaeomagnetic measurement data as making active advancement around mid-western region. Data is insufficient yet that it is difficult to find out the detailed trend of modification but it is estimated for approximate appearance. The archaeomagnetic field variation of the Neolithic Age made changes without breaking away from the scope of changes in the A.D. period as in the same way with the Bronze Age, and comparing to the variation of archaeomagnetic field for the Bronze Age, the magnetic inclination shifted within the scope of having almost no difference, but the declination is shown to skewed toward the east in its overall appearance. In addition, the comparison was made with the data of the Jomon Age in Japan and the archaeomagnetic measurement data of Korea has a little bit more depth for while the declination is skewed toward the east for 10 degree or more compared to those of Japan. However, in the part where the data is concentrated most intensely, the data for both countries has significant part to overlap to each other that the archaeomagnetic field variation of the Neolithic Age of Korea showed overall similar variation with certain partial changes when compared to those of Japan.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.640-649
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• 2015

This study aims to investigate mediating effect of teenagers' spirituality on the relationship between Irrational Beliefs and self-esteem. For research, questionnaires were distributed to 500 teenagers aged 14 to 19. And data were collected from 419 persons. The average age of subjects was 15.8. The collected data verify by structural equation model. As a result, it was shown that the first research model was not good. Hence, according to the results of modifying the model after referring to model modification index, the first modified model showed ${\chi}2=222.527$, df=83,p<.000, CFI=.975, TLI=.968, NFI=.961 and RMSEA=.061. Therefore, it was shown that the model was suitable. According to the results of analyzing the effect of model at this point, it was shown that the direct effect which unreasonable beliefs had on self-esteem was .02, and indirect effect through the mediation of spirituality was .30. Hence, it was verified that spirituality mediated the effect which unreasonable beliefs had on self-esteem. When this is considered, it is thought that, if the level of spirituality is improved, the negative effect which teenagers' unreasonable beliefs had on self-esteem will decrease, though the unreasonable beliefs have a negative effect on self-esteem.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.341-347
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• 1987

The behavior of conger eel, Astroconger myriaster (Brevoort), to the bamboo and plastic pots with baits was investigated alternately in two experimental water tanks. One of the pots being dropped on the tank bottom, the eels touched it to obtain the bait probably by their sense of smell, and increased rapidly in the number of touch to show a maximum within 30 minutes. But the touch was made mainly to the pot wall at which the bait was located and quite accidentally to the pot mouth. The eels touched the pot mouth retreated frequently without attempting to enter the pot and their entering was very hampered by the bamboo funnel constituting the pot mouth. However, a entering, if made, encouraged other touches and the touches ascribed other enterings. But, if 30 minutes elapsed, the number of touch decreased gradually and so the enterings were little made. The ability of pots attracting the eels into them was varied with their inclination to the tank bottom and the bait position in them. That is, the pot which was laid horizontally showed high ability of attracting in case in which the bait was fixed in the vicinity of its mouth. The pot, inclined by $30^{\circ}$ by lifting its tail and had a bait left free, showed almost equal ability to the horizontal pot with a bait in the vicinity of mouth. But the pot, inclined by $30^{\circ}$ by lifting its mouth and had a bait left free, showed a very low attracting. A comparison between the bamboo and plastic pots gave only that the entering of the eels became later several minutes in the latter.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.52-56
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• 2002

Tin oxide was coated on graphite particle by sol-gel method and an electrode with this material having microcrystalline structure for lithium ion battery was obtained by heat treatment in the range $400-600^{\circ}C$. The content of tin oxide was controlled within the range of $2.25wt\%\~11.1wt\%$. The discharge capacity increased with the content of tin oxide and also initial irreversible capacity increased. The discharge capacity of tin oxide electrode showed more than 350 mAh/g at the initial cycle and 300 mAh/g after the 30th cycle in propylene carbonate(PC) based electrolyte whereas graphite electrode without surface modification showed 140 mAh/g. When the charge and discharge rate was changed from C/5 to C/2, The discharge capacity of tin oxide and graphite electrode showed $92\%\;and\;77\%$ of initial capacity, respectively. It has been considered that such an enhancement of electrode characteristics was caused because lithium $oxide(Li_2O)$ passive film formed from the reaction between tin oxide and lithium ion prevented the exfoliation of graphite electrode and also reduced tin enhanced the electrical conduction between graphite particles to improve the current distribution of electrode.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.109-112
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• 2001

An activated carbon paste electrode was modified with the N-Hydroxysuccinimide(NHS) layer and applied to determine the dopamine in the presence of an excess ascorbic acid using square-wave voltammetry. The electrochemical properties of the modified electrode were examined in the solution containing dopamine/ascorbic acid using cyclic voltammetry(CV): the separation between the oxidation peaks of dopamine and ascorbic acid was largely dependent on the pH of the sample solution and became maximum at pH 4.0. Hence, the square-wave voltammetric determination of dopamine was carried out in a pH 4.0, 100mM phosphate buffer saline(PBS) containing 140mM NaCl. The detection limit and response slop were improved from $1.0{\mu}M\;to\;5.0\times10^{-2}{\mu}M\;and\;from\;0.93{\mu}A/{\mu}M\;to\;6.1{\mu}A/{\mu}M$, respectively, upon modification of the electrode surface by NHS.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 2008

Osteoporosis, a disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to enhanced bone fragility and fracture risk, is a major public health problem. The diagnostic methods for osteoporosis include simple radiography, bone scan, DXA (Dual energy X-ray Absortiometry) and biochemical markers of bone turnover. Optimal treatment and prevention of osteoporosis require modification of risk factors, particularly smoking cessation, adequate physical activity, and attention to diet, in addition to pharmacologic intervention. The estrogens and raloxifene both prevent bone loss in postmenopausal women, and the estrogens probably also decrease the risk of first fracture. There is good evidence that raloxifene prevents further fractures in postmenopausal women who already have had fractures and some evidence that estrogen does as well. Bisphosphonate prevents bone loss and reduces fractures in healthy and osteoporotic postmenopausal women and in osteoporotic men as well. Risedronate is more potent and has fewer side effects than alendronate and reduces the incidence of fractures in osteoporotic women. Calcitonin increases bone mineral density in early postmenopausal women and men with idiopathic osteoporosis, and also reduces the risk of new fractures in osteoporotic women. All of the agents discussed above prevent bone resorption, whereas teriparatide and strontium increase bone formation and are effective in the treatment of osteoporotic women and men. New avenues for targeting osteoporosis will emerge as our knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of bone remodeling increases, although issues of tissue specificity may remain to be addressed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.807-812
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• 2005

This study is to investigate the correlation of pore structures of Zeolite 5As modified with acid and their adsorption capacity of toluene vapor using the dynamic adsorption method. The experimental results showed that the modification with acid allowed more micropores and enlarged the existing pores. Toluene vapor was mainly adsorbed on the surface of pores over $15\;{\AA}$ in diameter. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of toluene vapor of the modified Zeolite 5As was in the range of $15{\sim}70\;mg/g$ and the equilibrium adsorption capacity was increased to f times than that of the Zeolite 5A. The correlation between the total cumulative surface area and the equilibrium adsorption capacity was hard to say linear. The correlation in diameter between the cumulative surface area in the range of over $15\;{\AA}$ and the equilibrium adsorption capacity gate the highest correlation factor of 0.997.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.466-471
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• 2007

The purpose of study is to obtain basic but important information for the operation of the greenhouse facility located in the suburb of town. Special emphasis is given on the aspect of energy saving method, which can be easilyapplicable in a practical sense. For this end numerical calculation has been made systematically in order to increase the energy efficiency by the evaluation of the temperature distribution in greenhouse. Major parameters considered are primarily the overall shape of greenhouse together with the various conditions of baffle installion inside greenhouse. Further, the performance of heating system is also carefully compared each other for a number of typical arrangements of heating duct. The performance of the computer program developed in this study is evaluated by the observation of the famous fluid trapping phenomenon occurred in staggered baffle condition in the enclosure of greenhouse. Based on the this study, a number of useful conclusions can be drawn, that is, the installation of baffles are quite effective in energy saving method with a minor modification of facility. Also, it is found that the change of the heating duct system can contribute significantly to the uniform temperature distribution in greenhouse. Further other findings obtained by numerical calculation were not only physically consistent and meaningful but also useful for the determination of optimum condition of practical operation of greenhouse.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.1034-1038
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• 2008

Degradative Solidification/Stabilization(DS/S) is a modification of conventional Solidification/Stabilization(S/S) that incorporates degradative processes for organic contaminant destruction with the low cost of conventional S/S. Inorganic contaminants are immobilized and chlorinated organic contaminants are destroyed by DS/S treatment. In this study, a DS/S using cement/slag/Fe(II) systems as binder was investigated to assess its effectiveness in degrading chloroform(CF) and methylene chloride(MC) contained in hazardous liquid wastes. The initial concentration of CF was 0.26 mM, 1.0 mM, 8.4 mM, 25 mM and 42 mM and Fe(II) was 200 mM. The result showed that degradation of CF in various concentration was in one kind reaction as pseudo-first-order and 95% of 0.26 mM initial concentration of CF was removed in five days. 50 mg/L of heavy metal was added in order to accelerate the rate of degradation of MC and initial concentration of MC was 3.50 mM however, degradation did not occur in system. Thus additional studies needed for degradation of MC and more studies on other reaction pathways products will help elucidate reaction mechanisms and pathways for chlorinated methanes in cement/slag/Fe(II) systems.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.415-421
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• 2013

To increase specific surface property of activated carbon fiber(ACF), chemical activation(CA) using alkali metals and surface treatment(ST) using oxidant was widely used. The CA and ST process developed micro-pore on the surface of ACF by chemical reaction of the alkali metals and oxidative of oxidant, respectively. To improve the efficiency of CA process for developing micro-pores on the surface of ACF, the ST process was adopted as an pre-treatment method. After treatment of ST process, ACF properties was investigated depending on the ST pre-treatment process. FT-IR, TG and elemental analysis of the ACF are carried out, and an adsorption property of ACF was also evaluated using toluene(which in typical volatile organic matter). Once the single CA process is used, the surface area and adsorption capacity of ACF were increased from 1,483 to 1,988 $m^2/g$ and from 0.22 to 0.27 $g_{-Tol.}/g_{-ACF}$, respectively. On the other hands, once the ST and CA processes are used successively, the surface area and adsorption capacity of ACF are greatly increase(where the surface area is 2,743 $m^2/g$ and the adsorption capacity is 0.37 $g_{-Tol.}/g_{-ACF}$). It indicates that the combined process of ST and CA can improve the surface process properties of ACF.