• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1712-1718
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• 2001

An experiment was carried out to study the effect of monensin administration on mammary functions in crossbred Holstein cattle. Fourteen non-pregnant late lactating crossbred Holstein cattle, approximately 270 days postpartum, were selected for the experiment. They were divided into two groups of 7 animals each. Seven animals in the treated group were given sodium monensin orally in a slow-release capsule. Animals in both control and treated groups were fed the similar diet to maintain milk production and body score at 2.5. Rice straw was fed as a source of dietary fiber throughout the experimental period. After monensin administration, a significant increase in the molar percent of ruminal propionate (p<0.05) and a significant decrease in the molar percent of ruminal acetate (p<0.05) were apparent in comparison to the pretreated period. The ratio of acetate to propionate concentration decreased significantly after monensin administration (p<0.05), while it was maintained at the similar level throughout the period of experiment in the control group. Monensin did not affect the molar percent of ruminal butyrate and valerate. The concentration of milk allantoin between the control group and monensin treated group was not different. An excretion rate of allantoin in milk decreased in animals treated with monensin (p<0.05). Mammary blood flow did not show significant difference between control and monensin treated groups. The plasma glucose concentration, arteriovenous concentration difference and mammary gland uptake of glucose remained constant in both groups. Milk yield of the later stage of lactation in the control group declined during lactation advance while a tendency to increase in the milk yield was apparent after 21 days monensin administration. Milk compositions for concentration of lactose, fat and protein in both control group and monensin treated group did not change throughout the experimental periods. From these results, it can be concluded that the action of monensin could affect the ruminal fermentation pattern. Monensin could not increase milk yield in the late lactating period.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2000

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding monensin on the growth performance and ruminal fermentation characteristics of Han-Woo cattle. Seventy two uncastrated Han-Woo male cattle(BW 267 kg) were randomly allotted to 0, 22, and 33 ppm monensin treatments, three replicates per treatment and eight heads per replicate. Animals were kept in an open barn for an 140-d feeding trial, Concentrates containing different levels of monensin and rice straw cut in 15cm length were fed ad libitum separately. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows. 1. No significant difference was found in daily gain by monensin feeding. 2. Monensin did not affect the total feed (concentrate + roughage) intake: however, as the monensin level increased, the total feed intake tended to decrease, resulting in 5 % reduction in 33 ppm monensin treatment. 3. Although no significant difference was found among three treatments, 22 and 33 ppm monensin improved the feed efficiency(total feed/gain) by 5.2 % and 5.1 %, respectively, as compared to the 0 ppm monensin treatment. 4. Monensin did not affect the concentrations of ruminal total VFA and acetic acid consistently. Although not significant, monensin feeding of 22 and 33 ppm caused marked increase in ruminal propionic acid concentration, 13.8 % and 19.3 %, respectively. Ruminal butyric acid concentration decreased as monensin level increased. Monensin feeding, regardless of level, decreased the A/P ratio by 12.5 %. In conclusiuon, monensin feeding increased the propionic acid concentration, and decreased the butyric acid concentration and A/P ratio in the rumen. Animals fed monensin consumed less feed, causing the improvement in feed efficiency. Thus, monensin appeared to be a useful feed additive, directing the rumen fermentation in a more productive way. Feed efficiency improved similarly both in 22 and 33 ppm monensin treatments, indicating that 22 ppm might be good enough rather than the 33 ppm monensin level.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.320-325
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• 2005

Effect of period of adaptation and levels of monensin were studied for microbial fermentation/ digestibility to find out the optimum period of adaptation of monensin in rumen and suitable level of monensin in wheat straw+concentrate and wheat straw+UMMB diet. The mean digestibility of dry matter was decreased upto T-3 treatment (49.17%), however, digestibility of DM was affected upto period (P-2). NDF digestibility was affected due to treatment under P1 and P2 (p<0.05). Average digestibility of ADF was increased to 53.33% at T-3 level of monensin and P4 days of adaptation. TVFA (mmole/100 ml) were decreased from 9.49 in T-1 to 7.70 in T-7. Periods were not effectives except P2 (14 days of adaptation). Similarly, total gas was decrease with the increase of monensin levels in diet. Although acetate percentage in TVFA was not affected either due to level of monensin or period of adaptation but propionate was increased due to increase in monensin at 21 days of adaptation (P-3). Butyrate (%) was decreased significantly in T-2 to T-6 as compared to T-1 group. Total gas was significantly (p<0.01) higher in group T-1 (control) and it reduced significantly in T-5, however, differences in gas production between group T-3, T-5 and T-7 at P-1 was not significant. Methane production was reduced on P-3 and P-4 level of adaptation due to treatment. The overall result indicated that 21 days of adaptation with monensin was sufficient to mask the inhibiting effect of monensin to cell wall digestibility and 35 ppm monensin is optimum to reduce methane production and increase propionate productions.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2024

The challenging clinical outcomes associated with advanced cervical cancer underscore the need for a novel therapeutic approach. Monensin, a polyether antibiotic, has recently emerged as a promising candidate with anti-cancer properties. In line with these ongoing efforts, our study presents compelling evidence of monensin's potent efficacy in cervical cancer. Monensin exerts a pronounced inhibitory impact on proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. Additionally, monensin significantly inhibited cervical cancer growth in vivo without causing any discernible toxicity in mice. Mechanism studies show that monensin's anti-cervical cancer activity can be attributed to its capacity to inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, rather than inducing oxidative stress. Monensin effectively reduces both the levels and activity of β-catenin, and we identify Akt, rather than CK1, as the key player involved in monensin-mediated Wnt/β-catenin inhibition. Rescue studies using Wnt activator and β-catenin-overexpressing cells confirmed that β-catenin inhibition is the mechanism of monensin's action. As expected, cervical cancer cells exhibiting heightened Wnt/β-catenin activity display increased sensitivity to monensin treatment. In conclusion, our findings provide pre-clinical evidence that supports further exploration of monensin's potential for repurposing in cervical cancer therapy, particularly for patients exhibiting aberrant Wnt/β-catenin activation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.183-186
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• 1990

Monensin administered as a slow release capsule to Droughtmaster steers grazing mixed pastures containing Stylosanthes hamata or grass pastures fertilized with N, had no effect on growth rate over 111 day period. Monensin significantly increased the level of propionic acid (p<0.001) and decreased the level of butyric acid (p<0.01) in the rumen. The lack of response to monesin was partly attributed to the poor pasture conditions and growth rate of the steers during part of the experimental period. An implant of oestradiol improved growth rates during the period of poor forage quality and in the subsequent 56 days when pastures were of high quality following rain. Mean growth rates over the entire 157 days for control, monensin and monensin/oestradiol treatments were 0.37, 0.37 and 0.50 kg/d respectively. It was concluded that when pasture conditions are sufficient only for the maintenance of liveweight, production can be improved by an oestradiol implant but not by feeding an ionophore such as monensin.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1274-1279
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• 2003

Thirty-six Naeimi ram lambs were equally and randomly allotted to four treatment groups with three replications per treatment to determine the simple and additive effects of monensin and zeranol on growth performance, carcass characteristics and nutrient digestibility. The treatment groups were: basal diet-fed lambs (C), monensin-fed lambs (M) where the basal diet was supplemented with 33 mg monensin per kilogram DM, lambs implanted with 12 mg zeranol (Z), and monensin-fed lambs implanted with zeranol (MZ). Lambs fed monensin-containing diet consumed 10.5% less (p<0.05) DM/100 kg weight and were 8.3% more (p<0.05) efficient in converting feed than lambs fed control diet. Zeranol implanted lambs tended to grow 35.2% (p<0.05) faster, consumed 5.1% more (p<0.05) feed and were (p<0.05) 21.9% more efficient in their feed conversion than control lambs. Responses of lambs to monensin and zeranol implants were not additive. Except for Z treatment, there were no marked differences in all carcass characteristics among the various treatment groups. Z-lambs produced 12.7% heavier (p<0.05) carcasses compared with those from C treatment. Also fat parameters, namely, kidney and pelvic fat (KP), body wall thickness and fat thickness, indicated trends for higher finish in Z treatment lambs (p<0.05) than for those lambs from other treatments. Except for CF and ADF, no significant differences in nutrients digestibility were noticed between various treatments; feeding monensin resulted in 24.5% and 8.5% depressions (p<0.05) in CF and ADF digestibility, respectively in comparison to C treatment. Nitrogen retention as percentage of total N-intakes was averaging 7.5 and 20.2% higher (p<0.05) in lambs implanted with zeranol than those fed the M and C diets, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.82-89
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• 2013

This trial evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with monensin sodium on dry matter intake, metabolic parameters and milk yield and milk composition of dairy Saanen goats in the periparturient period. Twelve Saanen pregnant dairy goats were assigned to a treatment and a control group. Saanen goats were fed monensin as its 10% sodium salt in the amount of 33 mg/kg of total dry matter intake during 30 d before parturition till d 42 in milk. Blood samples were collected from each goat at d 30, 15 and 7 before expected kidding time and also in d 1, 7, 13, 19, 21, 28, 35 and 42 postpartum. The serum concentrations of ${\beta}$-Hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), non-esterifed fatty acid (NEFA), calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphorus, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, total protein, albumin and glucose and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity were determined. The BHBA concentration significantly decreased in goats, which received monensin in comparison to controls in the postpartum period (p = 0.049). The concentration of sodium (Na) was significantly influenced by monensin treatment in the postpartum period (p = 0.048). In addition, the difference in dry matter intake was highly significant between the two groups during the pre-partum period. Controls had more dry matter intake (DMI) than treatment goats (p = 0.0001). Mean 3.5% fat corrected milk production was not influenced by monensin treatment. However, milk fat percentage was significantly decreased in monensin treated goats (p = 0.0017).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.544-547
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• 1999

The object of this study was to determine the influence of monensin and virginiamycin (VM) on in vitro ruminal fermentation of rice straw or ammoniated rice straw. Rumen fluid was collected from 4 wethers fed 200 g of concentrate supplement with 400 g of untreated (U) or ammoniated (A) rice straw once daily for 28 days. Mixed ruminal microorganisms were incubated in anaerobic media that contained 20% (vol/vol) ruminal fluid and 0.3 g of either U or A rice straw. Monensin and/or VM, dissolved in ethanol, were added in centrifuge tubes at final concentrations of 0, 15, 30, 15+15 and 30+30 ppm of culture fluid. The addition of monensin and VM combination to A rice straw fermentation decreased (p<0.05) the acetate to propionate ratio, total VFA and lactate production, but increased (p<0.05) pH. Total gas production tended to be decreased by the addition of monensin plus VM. Antimicrobial agents decreased $NH_3$ N concentration and dry matter digestibility.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2011

Twenty-four Holstein dairy cows were used to evaluate the single and combined effects of different levels of crude protein (CP) and monensin treatment during early lactation on blood metabolites, milk yield and digestion of dairy cows. The experiment was designed as a completely randomized block with a $3{\times}2$ factorial arrangement of treatments. The factors were three concentrations of CP supplement (19.5, 21.4, and 23.4% of dry matter) and two levels of monensin (0 and 350 mg per cow per day). The experiment consisted of three phases and each phase was 3 wk in length. Monensin did not affect milk yield, lactose, solids-non-fat (SNF), blood glucose, triglyceride and DMI, but increased blood cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), insulin and reduced blood ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), milk fat and protein percentage. Monensin premix significantly decreased rumen ammonia, but rumen pH and microbial protein synthesis were not affected by monensin treatment. Increasing dietary CP improved milk and protein production, but did not alter the other components of milk. Digestibility of NDF, ADF, CP were improved by increasing dietary CP. Increasing dietary CP from 19.5 to 21.4% had no significant effect on ruminal ammonia, but increasing CP to 23.4% significantly increased ruminal ammonia. There was a linear relationship between level of crude protein in the diet and volume of urine excretion. Microbial protein synthesis was affected by increasing CP level; in this way maximum protein synthesis was achieved at 23.4% CP.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.1095-1104
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• 2015

To evaluate the effects of the pelleting and the addition of sodium monensin on production, the chemical and lipid composition of milk and butter physical characteristics, 4 Holstein dairy cows (135 days of lactation) with an average milk production of 14.7 kg/d, were supplemented with a concentrate containing ground canola seeds. The cows were assigned to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design with a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement of treatments: i) ground maize, soybean meal, mineral and vitamin supplements, and ground canola seeds (CG); ii) CG concentrate with 31.5 mg of monensin added per kg of dry matter (DM); iii) CG pelleted concentrate; iv) CG concentrate with monensin addition pelleted. There was no difference in milk production and composition. The addition of monensin increased milk concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), the PUFA/saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratio, and omega 6. The pelleting increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids, the PUFA/SFA ratio, and the omega 6/omega 3 ratio, but decreased the concentration of SFA. The association between pelleting and the addition of monensin increased the concentration of conjugated linoleic acids by 46.9%. The physical characteristics of butter were not affected by the evaluated diets. We concluded that the concentrate with 31.5 mg of monensin added per kg DM basis combined with the pelleting improves the lipid composition of milk from Holstein cows that are on pasture and supplemented with ground canola seeds, without changing the production, milk composition, and spreadability of butter.