• The Journal of Engineering Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 2005

[TEACOOH]-Montmorillonite intercalations complex obtained from Na-Montmorillonite and 10-Carboxy-n-decyldimethylethylammonium bromide(organic cation) was reacted with the monomer($\varepsilon$-caprolactone) to achieve the [TEACOOH]-$\varepsilon$-caprolactone-Montmorillonite intercalations complex. From intercalations complex Montmorillonite/Polycaprolactone Nanocomposite in which montmorillonite(inorganic material) is chemically linked with the polycaprolactone(organic polymer) was formed at $220^{\circ}C$ for 48 h. The basal spacing for the sample obtained after polymerization, extraction with methanol and dried at $65^{\circ}C$ in high vacuum for 24 h was 50.7 $\AA$.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.703-709
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• 1995

Octadecylenetrimethylammonium-montmorillonite as an organophilic montmorillonite intercalations complex was formed by cation exchange reaction between Na-montmorillonite and 9-octadecylenetrimethylammonium cation. After drying of this organophilic montmorillonite at $65^{\circ}C$ in high vacuum, the complexes were reacted with various swelling-solutions such as benzene, toluene, o-xylene, pyridine, $\alpha$-picoline, 2-ethyl-pyridine, 2-vinyl-pyridine and styrene, and the corresponding basal spacing obtained were 43.9$\AA$, 54.3$\AA$, 51.7$\AA$, 41.5$\AA$, 42.5$\AA$, 39.9$\AA$, 39.8$\AA$, 44.8$\AA$, respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.678-684
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• 2001

Porous silica-pillared montmorillonites were prepared by simultaneous intercalation of dodecylamine-TEOS [tetraethylorthosilicate, Si(OC2H5)4] into the H-montmorillonite and intragallery amine-catalyzed hydrolysis of TEOS. Mixtures of the H-montmorillonite, dodecylamine and TEOS at molar ratios of 1 : 2 : 15-30 and 1 : 2-6 : 20 resulted to swollen and viscous gel once at room temperature, allowing intercalation compounds which dodecylamine and TEOS were simultaneously intercalated into interlayer of H-montmorillonite. The hydrolysis of the gallery TEOS was conducted in water solution for 40 min at room temperature, affording siloxane-pillared H-montmorillonite. Calcination of samples at 500 $^{\circ}C$ in air resulted in silica-pillared montmorillonite with large specific surface areas between 403 and 577 m2 /g, depending on the reaction stoichiometry. The reaction at H-montmorillonite : dodecylamine : TEOS reaction stoichiometries of 1 : 2 : 15 and 1 : 4 : 20 resulted in high specific surface areas and mesopores with a narrow pore size distribution. Result indicates that the intragallery-amine catalyze the hydrolysis of gallery-TEOS and simultaneously have a role of gallery-templated micellar assemblies.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.273-282
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• 2002

Al-pillared montmorillonite was synthesized from Na-saturated montmorillonite which was prepared by ionic substitution from Ca-montmorillonite of the Jabut mine, Gyeongiu City d(001), surface areas, and dehydration and ionic substitution properties have been compared for both Ca-montmorillonite and Al-pillared montmorillonite. d(001) spacings of Ca-montmorillonite and Al-pillared montmorillonite were 15.1 $\AA$ and $18.3\AA$, respectively. Dehydration took place before $350 ^{\circ}C$ in Ca-montmorillonite, whereas linealy up to $550^{\circ}C$ in Al-pillared montmorillonite. BET surface areas are 5～6 times larger in Al-pillared montmorillonite ($192 \m^2$/g) than Camontmorillonite. Ca-montmorilonite shows high selectivity for $Na^{＋}$ /, whereas Al-pillared montmorillonite for $Ca^{2＋}$ . The former shows decreasing d(001) spacing with increasing substitution of $Na^{＋}$ and irregular interstratified structure at high substitution of $Ca^{2＋}$ /, whereas the latter shows linear decreasing pattern in d(001) spacing with increasing $Ca^{ 2+}$.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.425-429
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• 2004

[DEACOOH]-Montmorillonite intercalations complex obtained from Na-Montmorillonite and 10-Carboxy-n-decyldimethylethylammonium bromide (organic cation) was reacted with the monomer ($\varepsilon$-caprolactone) to achieve the [DEACOOH]-$\varepsilon$-caprolactone-Montmorillonite intercalations complex. From this intercalations complex Montmorillonite/Polycaprolactone nanocomposites in which montmorillonite (inorganic polymer) is chemically linked with the polycaprolactone (organic polymer) were formed at 240$^{\circ}C$ by three different methods such as in stoichiometric amounts between monomer and organic cation, in excess of only the monomer and in excess of both organic cation and monomer. The products obtained after polymerization were analyzed with X-ray diffractometer and TEM.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.43 no.4 s.287
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• pp.207-212
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• 2006

[ ${\varepsilon}-caprolactam$ ] was polymerized in the layers of the [DEACOOH]-Montmorillonite intercalations complex at high temperatures ranging from 250% to 260% formed from Na-Montmorillonite and 10-Carboxy-n-decyldimethylethylammonium bromide to achieve [DEACOOH]-Polycaprolactam-Montmorillonite, in which an inorganic polymer (montmorillonite) is chemically combined with an organic polymer (polycaprolactam). The results of X-ray and IR analyses for the samples obtained after polymerization showed that the polymerization reaction was successfully accomplished. For the purpose of studying the polymeric reaction product more precisely, the polymerized product was separated from the silicate layers and analyzed with an X-ray diffractometer and an IR-spectrometer. A comparison of the results of the X-ray and IR analyses of the separated polymer and the polymer that was synthesized by the reaction of ${\varepsilon}-caprolactam$ solely with the organic cation without montmorillonite showed that the obtained both polymers are identical compounds.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1673-1679
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• 2003

Two hundred forty 1-d-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were used to investigate the effects of Cu (II)-exchanged montmorillonite (CEM) or montmorillonite on the growth performance, intestinal microflora, bacterial enzyme activities and morphology of broilers. The chicks were assigned randomly into three groups with 80 chicks per treatment. The three dietary treatments were basal diet only (control group), basal diet +1 g $kg^{-1}$ montmorillonite, and basal diet +1 g $kg^{-1}$ CEM. The results showed that the addition of CEM to the diet increased significantly the body weight and feed efficiency, but a similarly significant increase was not found in broilers fed the diet containing montmorillonite. Supplementing the CEM in the diet of broilers also decreased the numbers of Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli in the small intestine and cecum. The addition of either CEM or montmorillonite to the diet depressed the activities of $\beta$-glucosidase and $\beta$-glucuronidase in the small intestinal and cecal contents. Data of villus height and crypt depth for duodenum, jejunum and ileum indicated that dietary addition of CEM or montmorillonite improved the small intestinal mucosal morphology.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.195-203
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• 1986

This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of surface charge of major clay minerals in Korea. The charge characteristics of clay minerals were studied by measuring the retention of $NH^+_4$, $Ca^{2+}$ and $Cl^-$ as a function of ionic strength. The dominant clay minerals of Zeolite, Bentonite and Kaolin were oriented as Clinoptilolite+Mordenite, Montmorillonite and Halloysite, respectively. At the same ionic strength, Montmorillonite and Halloysite adsorbed some more $Ca^{2+}$ than $NH^+_4$, whereas Zeolite adsorbed more $NH^+_4$ than $Ca^{2+}$. All the three minerals adsorbed more ions with higher ionic strength and the C.F.C was larger in the order of Halloysite < Montmorillonite < Zeolite. Since the total surface area by EGME rentention was shown to be in the order of Halloysite < Zeolite < Montmorillonite, therefore, the charge density was calculated to be in the order of Montmorillonite < Halloysite < Zeolite.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.44 no.2 s.297
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• pp.71-78
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• 2007

A [TEACOOH]-Montmorillonite intercalations complex obtained from Na-Montmorillonite and 10-Carboxy-n-triethylammonium bromide was used to attempt the polymerization of ${\varepsilon}$-caprolactone between the layer spaces of the intercalations complex to achieve Montmorillonite-Polycaprolactone nanocomposites in which the inorganic material (montmorillonite) is chemically combined with the organic polymer (polycaprolactone). The results of X-ray-, IR-, and TEM-analyses for samples obtained after polymerization showed that a polycondensation reaction was successfully produced. For a more precise investigation of the polymeric reaction products the polymerized products were separated from the silicate layers and analyzed with an IR-spectrometer. A comparison of the results of the IR-analyses of the separated polymer with that of the polymer synthesized by the reaction of ${\varepsilon}$-caprolactone with only the organic cation and without montmorillonite showed that the two obtained polymers are the same compound.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.224-231
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• 2005

The polymerization of $\varepsilon-caprolactone$ in the layers of the [DEACOOH]-Montmorillonite intercalations complex was attempted using 10-Carboxy-n-decyldimethylethylammonium bromide and Na-Montmorillonite to achieve [DEACOOH]-Polycaprolactone-Montmorillonite in which the inorganic material (montmorillonite) and the organic material (polycaprolactone) are chemically linked each other. The results of X-ray- and IR-analysis for the samples obtained after polymerization showed that the polymerization reaction has been successfully accomplished. In order to study the polymeric reaction products more precisely we have separated the polymerized product from the silicate layers and analyzed it with X-ray diffractometer, IR-spectrometer and TEM. The comparison of the results of X-ray- and IR-analysis for the separated polymer with them for the polymer which was synthesized by the reaction of $\varepsilon-caprolactone$ only with the organic cation without montmorillonite showed that the obtained both polymers are the same compounds.