• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.9-16
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• 2022

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report that applying the genetic discrimination method to Pinelliae Tuber is suitable as a countermeasure for the limitations of morphological identification announced publicly in the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety(MFDS). Methods : Randomly selected fifty samples in Pinelliae Tuber imported from China were used for morphological and genetic identification. The morphological identification was applied method announced publicly by the MFDS. The traits of morphological identification were classified as Pinellia ternata, P. tripartita, Pinellia pedatisecta, and Typhonium flagelliforme, according to the formation of tuberous root and tuber morphology. The genetic identifications were conducted by Sequence Characterized Amplified Region(SCAR) marker and DNA barcoding analysis for cross-validation, respectively. SCAR marker was verified according to the presence or absence of amplicon through PCR amplification using species-specific primers. DNA barcoding analysis used sequence information of the matK region. Results : As a result of the morphological identification, 27 out of 50 samples were identified as original species 'P. ternata' of genuine 'Pinelliae Tuber', and 23 were identified as adulterant species 'P. pedatisecta'. Unlike this, the genetic identification was identified as the original species 'P. ternata' in all 50 samples in the SCAR marker and matK regional sequence analysis. Conclusions : Pinelliae Tuber of morphological mutant that can not be classified by morphological identification is imported from China. The SCAR marker would be used as accurate and efficient assays for species identification of the morphological mutant.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.113-122
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• 2003

In the present paper, morphological characteristic and PCR analysis were carried not to identify the medicinal origins of Peucedanum decursivum and Anthriscus sylvestris. Some samples in Korean. markets were Peucedanum decursivum misused with rhizomes of Anthriscus sylvestris. The main. origin of Peucedanum decursivum producted was quite different from those of Anthriscus sylvestris in the morphological characteristics. And PCR analysis, the three primer has developed into anew tool for identification of Peucedanum decursivum and Anthriscus sylvestris.

• Mycobiology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.150-154
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• 2022

Rhytisma lonicericola was identified as a tar spot fungus on Lonicera sp. in 1902, and has since been recorded on several species of Lonicera in China, Japan, and Korea. Most of the previous records of R. lonicericola have been based on a list of disease occurrences in the absence of any formal morphological identification or molecular analyses. Using six newly obtained specimens collected in the past 2 years, we confirmed the tar spot fungus found on L. japonica in Korea as R. lonicericola based on morphological examinations and molecular phylogenetic analyses. This fungus was distinguished from R. xylostei, another tar spot fungus on Lonicera, by ascospore size and geographical distributions. We present detailed mycological information and, for the first time, DNA sequence data useful for the identification of R. lonicericola.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.273-279
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• 2022

Laelapinae mites are involved in transmission of microbial diseases between wildlife and humans, with an impact on public health. In this study, 5 mite members in the subfamily Laelapinae (laelapin mites; LM) were morphologically identified by light microscopy, and the phylogenetic relationship of LM was analyzed in combination with the sequence information of part of the LM cytochrome oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene. The morphological identification revealed that 5 mites belonged to the genera Laelaps and Haemolaelaps, respectively. Sequence analysis showed that the ratio of nonsynonymous mutation rate to synonymous mutation rate of LM was less than 1, indicating that the LM cox1 gene had undergone purifying selection. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Laelapinae is a monophyletic group. The genera Haemolaelaps and Hyperlaelaps did not separated into distinct clades but clustered together with species of the genus Laelaps. Our morphological and molecular analyses to describe the phylogenetic relationships among different genera and species of Laelapinae provide a reference for the improvement and revision of the LM taxonomy system.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.507-512
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• 2012

One leptocephalus (TL 59.9 mm) from the family Ophichthidae collected from Jeju Island, Korea, was identified using morphological and molecular methods. Our ophichthid leptocephalus was identified as belonging to the genus Muraenichthys based on morphological characters: 157 myomeres; the origin of the dorsal fin located a little in front of the anus; a distinct melanophore present on the opercle; and six gut swellings present. An analysis of 886 base pairs of the 12S rRNA mtDNA sequences showed that our leptocephalus must be Muraenichthys gymnopterus, because its sequences were concordant with those of an adult M. gymnopterus (d=0.001) and next to those of Muraenichthys sp. leptocephalus (d=0.034). Here, we are the first to describe the morphological characteristics of the M. gymnopterus leptocephalus.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.83-94
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• 2003

For identification of genuine and misuse samples of Hu-Bak medicines, an morphological characters, and RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) were performed. In this study, three samples were collected, of which two were genuine and one was misuse sample. Genuine samples of 'Hu-Bak' were Magnolia obovata Thunberg and Magnolia officinalis Rehder et Wilson. Misuse samples was Machilus thunbergii S. et Z. In the morphological characters, M. obovata Thunberg and M. officinalis Rehder et Wilson were similar, but M. thunbergii S. et Z. was different with cortex, cambium, and fibrous layer. The result of RAPD analysis, seven primers can distinguish between genuines and counterfeit samples of Hu-Bak medicines.

• Plant Resources
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.81-91
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• 1998

Fifty-nine Korean soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) landrace accessions were tested for genotype fingerprinting, differentiation and association between morphological traits and SSR profile. Using 8 SSR loci, 59 varieties were divided into 55 groups, and only 4 pairs of varieties were not uniquely identified. The resolving power of SSR for soybean genotyping was much higher than that of the morphological traits that were studied. Identification efficiency also differed among SSR loci. Those loci with higher numbers of alleles distinguished varieties more effectively. Genetic differentiation values of the soybean landraces varied from 0.57 to 0.82 with a mean of 0.68. The number of alleles detected by the 8 loci ranged from 3 to 8. and the effective number of alleles ranged from 2.3 to 5.1. In a study of the association of SSR alleles with morphological traits, some alleles seemed to be related with some specific morphological traits. Comparison of two kinds of dendrograms which were derived from SSR markers and quantitative traits indicated that the dendrograms were not consistent. Considering the correlation between single SSR locus and qualitative traits governed by major genes, the data suggest that alleles of microsatellite loci be more closely related to some traits determined by major genes than those determined by minor genes.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.279-284
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• 2010

Four leptocephali (TL 109.8~129.7 mm) of the family Ophichthidae, collected from Sangju in the South Sea of Korea, were identified using morphological and molecular methods. Our four leptocephali were similar to Ophichthus sp. based on morphological characters: the melanophores present in series of eight gut swellings; total myomeres 144~151; body depth in total length less than 10%; eight or nine black horizontal bands present from anus to caudal fin base. On the other hand, our four leptocephali were identified to Pisodonophis sp. based on 826 base pairs of 12S rRNA gene nucleotide sequences. Our results showed that morphology-based identification did not agree with molecular identification, indicating difficulty in differentiating morphologically between Ophichthus and Pisodonophis leptocephali. We, herein, firstly describe morphological characteristics of Pisodonophis sp. leptocephali from Korea.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.115-119
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• 2007

Objectives : A morphological classification among Sophora tonkinensis, Menispermum dauricum and Indigofera kirilowii was made through microscopic observation. Method : The slice of the tested material made by paraffin section technique was colored with Safranine Malachite Green contrast methods, and then observed and photographed by olymphus-BHT. Result : 1. The cross-sections of Sophora tonkinensis and Indigofera kirilowii have piths, but Menispermum dauricum does not have any. 2. The lateral parts of Sophora tonkinensis cortex include the square crystal of calcium oxalate, but Indigofera kirilowii does not. Conclusion : The number of piths and the presence of the square crystal of calcium oxalate can be used to distinguished Sophora tonkinensis from Indigofera kirilowii.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.171-176
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• 2006

Objectives : A morphological classification among Rheum palmatum Linne, Rheum undulatum Linne and Rumex crispus was made through microscopic observation. Methods : The slice of the tested material made by paraffin section technique was colored with Safranine Malachite Green contrast methods, and then observed and photographed by olymphus-BHT. Results: 1. Stellate spots were found on the intersection of Rheum palmatum, composed of heteromorphy vascular bundles. 2. Stellate sponts were not found in Rheum undulatum and Rumex crispus, because they do not have heteromorphy vascular bundles. Conclusion : Rheum palmatum can be distinguished with Rheum undulatum and Rumex crispus, based on the presence of Stellate spots on its intersection.