• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.8-16
• /
• 2008

The aim of this study was to evaluate the motor recovery in 4 chronic hemiparetic patients with Fugl-Meyer (FM) and EMG characteristics before and after the training program. The training was performed at 1hr/day, 5days/week during 6 weeks in 4 chronic stroke patients. Electromyographic activities of the affected hand were recorded during isometric wrist flexion/ extension movements. In all patients, FM was significantly improved after the 6-week training. Onset/offset delay of muscle contraction significantly decreased in the affected wrist after the training. The co-contraction ratio of flexor/extensor muscles decreased significantly. Also, onset/offset delay of muscle contraction and co-contraction ratio correlates significantly with upper limb motor impairment and motor recovery. This EMG technique allows an objective evaluation of changes in muscle activity in post-stroke patients, providing easily measurable, quantitative indices of muscle characteristics.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.55-72
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to propose a new therapy algorithm that combines motor imagery and physiotherapy as a physiotherapeutic clinical intervention technique that can stimulate the recovery of damaged physical function for patients with stroke. Methods: A variety of scientific research results related to motor imagery were reviewed and analyzed to investigate their applicability to physiotherapy in clinics. Results: As a new therapy algorithm for the therapeutic approach of motor imagery in stroke rehabilitation, a therapy algorithm that combines motor imagery with physiotherapy is proposed, which consists of three stages or steps: STEP 1 motor imagery familiarization, STEP 2 explicit learning stage, and STEP 3 implicit learning. Conclusion: The new therapy algorithm proposed in this study is expected to be a very useful clinical therapeutic approach for stimulating the recovery of damaged physical function in patients with stroke. It is believed that it will be necessary to confirm and standardize the effects of the therapeutic algorithm proposed in this study in the future by conducting diverse clinical studies.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.22-36
• /
• 1997

Functional recovery of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) patients were studied by examining functional independence measure (FIM) to evaluate the functional state of the patients at admission to and at discharge from the hospital and its relationship with the family support. Study subjects consisted of 129 CVA patients, who were admitted and received rehabilitation treatment at K Medical Center of Oriental Medicine from August 3 to December 18, 1997. The results were as follows: 1) Total FIM score was $72.37{\pm}25.16$ at admission and $101.67{\pm}22.13$ at discharge. The difference of average score was 29.30, which was statistically significant by paired t-test. 2) The largest difference between FIM scores at admission and at clischarge was observed in items of walking and wheel-chair riding, and the smallest clifference in items of social interaction. 3) The recovery was faster with motor function than with cognitive function, because the difference of FIM scores at admission and at discharge was much larger with motor function. 4) Recovery was better in groups under age 49 than in groups above age 70. Functional recorvery was prominent especially in groups with normal sensory state and speech functions, and groups without urinary incontinence. Recovery was less significantly in patients with paraplegic patients hospitalized longer than 2 months, patients with family all the time, and patients with CVA over 11 days. 5) We could not find any relationship between functional recovery and family support. FIM scores were lower in groups of old age(r=-0.325), long stayed in hospital (r=-0.426), and long period of time after the onset of disease(r= -0.339) with a reciprocal correlation between FIM scores and these parameters. 6) Stepwise multiple regression analysis was done to evaluate factors to affect the recovery from CVA. FIM score at admission could explain 51.2 % of the functional recovery. Important factors were periods of hospitalization, state of sensory function, age, and education (listed in decreasing order of importance). In total, they could explain 64.89% of the functional recovery. These results indicate that functional recovery of CVA patients, who were admitted to oriental medicine hospital for rehabilitation treatment, could be estimated by measuring FIM scores. Recovery was significantly better at discharge from the hospital than at admission and motor function recovery rate was much faster than that of cognitive function. 2. Recommendation Based on these results, we recommend following further studies. 1) Comparative study of recovery of motor function and of sensory function would be necessary by measuring FIM scores once a week to evaluate the recovery of CVA patients. 2) It would be interesting to see whether there is any difference of functional recovery between patients treated with either western medicine or oriental medicine. 3) Psychological factors affecting the recovery of CVA patients need to be studied.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.89-99
• /
• 2000

This report was done to observe the effect of Hominis placenta herbal acupuncture on Bell's palsy. The study group comprised 16 patients who arrived at Woo-suk university oriental hospital from January, 1999 till January, 2000 for Bell's palsy. All patients were divided into two group. One was herbal acupunture group, and the other was control group. Acupunture group was done herbal acupuncture therapy on the facial acupuncture points. Followings are achievement and a term of each group. In herbal acupuncture group, 100% motor recovery was 7 case, 75% was 1 case, and 25% motor recovery term was $7.38{\pm}5.21$ days, 50% was $11.00{\pm}6.16$ days, 75% was $15.13{\pm}9.55$ days, 100% was $23.14{\pm}7.97$ days. In control group, 100% motor recovery was 4 case, 75% was 2 case, 25% below was 2 case and 25% motor recovery term was $11.17{\pm}4.96$days, 50% was $18.17{\pm}6.82$ days, 75% was $29.50{\pm}6.95$ days, 100% was $44.00{\pm}11.49$ days. The above results indicate that Hominis placenta herbal acupuncture is a useful effect on Bell's palsy. thus, continuous herbal acupunture study will be needed for more clinical application on Bell' palsy.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.85-98
• /
• 2006

This study was performed to examine the influences of the mental practice to the hemiplegic upper limb motor function improvement. 20 minute neurologic treatment based on the neurophysiological theory, 10 minute activities of daily living training, and 10 minute mental practice 5 times a week were given in turn to the experimental group(N=11). On the other hand 20 minute neurologic treatment, and 10 minute activities of daily living training 5 times a week were given in turn to the control group(N=11). Both Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale and Manual Function Test were used to evaluate upper limb motor recovery, upper limb motor function and movement ability. And the Motor Activity Log; Amount of Use and Motor Activity Log; Quality of Movement before training, 2 weeks after training, and 4 weeks after training were measured to assess the upper limb motor quantitatively and qualitatively each. The results are as follows. 1) Considering the interactions of the rate of change on the upper limb motor recovery, motor function, movement ability improvement, and qualitative motor improvement in ADL of experimental group and control group, the change rates of experimental group were found to be greater than those of the control group. 2) In experimental group, the higher the achievements were, the better upper motor recovery was.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.83-91
• /
• 2011

Objective : Minocycline, a second-generation tetracycline-class antibiotic, has been well established to exert a neuroprotective effect in animal models and neurodegenerative disease through the inhibition of microglia. Here, we investigated the effects of minocycline on motor recovery and neuropathic pain in a rat model of spinal cord injury. Methods : To simulate spinal cord injury, the rats' spinal cords were hemisected at the 10th thoracic level (T10). Minocycline was injected intraperitoneally, and was administered 30 minutes prior surgery and every second postoperative day until sacrifice 28 days after surgery. Motor recovery was assessed via the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan test Mechanical hyperalgesia was measured throughout the 28-day post -operative course via the von Frey test Microglial and astrocyte activation was assessed by immunohistochemical staining for ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (lba1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) at two sites: at the level of hemisection and at the 5th lumbar level (L5). Results : In rats, spinal cord hemisection reduced locomotor function and induced a mechanical hyperalgesia of the ipsilateral hind limb. The expression of lba1 and GFAP was also increased in the dorsal and ventral horns of the spinal cord at the site of hemisection and at the L5 level. Intraperitoneal injection of minocycline facilitated overall motor recovery and attenuated mechanical hyperalgesia. The expression of lba1 and GFAP in the spinal cord was also reduced in rats treated with minocycline. Conclusion : By inhibiting microglia and astrocyte activation, minocycline may facilitate motor recovery and attenuate mechanical hyperalgesia in individuals with spinal cord injuries.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2007

Purpose: Previous studies have suggested that BDNF has a role in plasticity and survival following spinal cord injury and treadmill exercise increases BDNF levels in the normal brain and spinal cord. We attempted to determine whether swimming exercise improve motor function following experimental contusive spinal cord injury and whether motor outcome is associated with BDNF expression. Methods: Thirty six Sprague-Dawley rats (weight, 250 to 300 g) were divided into control (n=18) and experimental swimming group (n=18). Spinal cord injury was produced using NYU-spinal impactor at the eleven thoracic levels in both groups. Swimming exercise started $7^{th}$ day from SCI operation, lasted 5 min per day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks and then exercise times a day were increased in one number to each week. Motor functional recovery was determined by the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale, modified inclined board plane test, histological findings, H&E and BDNF expression observed at $1^{th}$, $3^{rd}$, $7^{th}$, $14^{th}$, $21^{st}$ and $28^{th}$day after injury. Results: 1. The BBB scores were higher in experimental group than control group at $14^{th}$, $21^{st}$ day (left hind limb) and at $21^{th}$ day (right hind limb) (p<0.05) after injury. 2. The inclined board plane test were significantly greater in experimental group than control group at $7^{th}$ day (p<0.05), $14^{th}$ and $28^{th}$ day (p<0.01) after injury. 3. The BDNF expression was severe revealed in experimental group than control group at $7^{th}$, $14^{th}$ and $28^{th}$ day after injury. Conclusion: This study suggests that swimming applied from the early phase after spinal cord injury be beneficial effects in motor functional recovery.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2008

Objectives : Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshunqi-san) has been used for many years as a treatment for cerebrovascular diseases in Oriental medicine. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshunqi-san) on cognition and motor function recovery after ischemic brain injury, and also the expression of BDNF in hippocampus. Methods : This study was designed with 4 subgroups to evaluate the effects of Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshunqi-san). As control groups, group I has no treatment during 1 week after ischemic brain injury and group II has no treatment during 2 weeks after ischemic brain injury. As experimental groups, group III has been treated with Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshunqi-san) during 1 week after ischemic brain injury and group IV have treated with Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshunqi-san) during 2 week after ischemic brain injury. Each group has been examined by tests as follows, neurological motor behavioral tests, cognitive motor behavior test and histological test. Neurological motor behavior tests consisted of limb placement test, beam-walking test and horizontal wire test. Cognitive motor behavior test was performed by using Morris water maze. In the histological test, TTC(2,3,5-triphenylteterazolium chloride) staining, hematoxylin & eosin staining, and immunohistochemical staining were used. Results : 1. The tests for motor function recovery change had significantly good result in the experimental groups as compared with control groups(p<.05). 2. The Morris water maze test on cognition also had significantly good result in the experimental groups as compared with control groups(p<.05). 3. In the immunohistochemical staining for the expression of BDNF in hippocampus, more immune reaction was investigated in the experimental groups as compared with control groups. Especially group IV has the greatest immune reaction. Conclusions : Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshunqi-san) has good effects on cognition and motor function recovery after ischemic brain injury, and also the expression of BDNF in hippocampus.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 1997.07f
• /
• pp.2104-2106
• /
• 1997

In order to develop the three phase GTO CSI with double recovery path of commutation energy by passive devices (LCD), we studied the clamping circuit to protect switching device and energy recovery circuit to recover absorbed energy of capacitor and DC inductor. In this paper, we investigated how DC input power is increased or decreased according to energy recovery path with or not in the three phase GTO current source inverter, we used a induction motor as inverter load, and controlled a induction motor with v/f constant control. Experimental results show that dissipated DC power is decreased in $9{\sim}14%$ by double recovery path. We also confirmed that the characteristics is met as compare simulation results with experimental results according to each frequency.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 1997.11a
• /
• pp.435-437
• /
• 1997

In order to develop the three phase GTO CSI with double recovery path of commutation energy by passive devices (LCD), we studied the clamping circuit to protect switching device and energy recovery circuit to recover absorbed energy of capacitor and DC link inductor. In this paper, we investigated how DC input power is increased or decreased according to energy recovery path with or not in the three phase GTO current source inverter. We used a induction motor as the load of inverter, and controlled a induction motor with V/F constant control. Experimental results show that dissipated DC power is decreased and capacitor voltage Vc is effectively suppressed by double recovery path.