Upper extremity dysfunction is a common consequence following stroke. Spontaneous recovery during the first six months post-stroke is rigorous and considered as a significant indicator of potential long-term progress. Various approaches have been utilized to regain functional upper limb movement necessary for independent living; however, conventional therapy approaches have failed to prove consistency, especially for subacute stroke patients. There is, thus, a need for innovative therapeutic strategies that motivate stroke survivors to facilitate neural and functional recovery during the critical window immediately following stroke. The effect of music on physical enhancement has been frequently reported in the field of medicine as well as neurorehabilitation. The efficacy of rhythm on lower extremity deficits has been well established. Yet, the rationale for using instrumental music making enhancing subacute upper extremities rehabilitation is not clearly described to date. Based on the key mechanism of music as sensori-motor movement facilitator, this paper reviews previous empirical research that utilized music-based interventions for upper extremity rehabilitation for stroke patients, either in the form of receptive or expressive activity. This paper, further, focuses on the current research trends in subacute stroke upper limb rehabilitation and provides applicable rationale of using instrumental music playing.
Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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v.14
no.6
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pp.269-277
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2020
The purpose of this study is to investigate the recovery of sensation and the restoration of upper limb function according to transcranial direct current stimulation over the primary somatosensory cortex in patients with chronic stroke with sensory deficit. 20 patients with chronic stroke divided into 10 experimental groups and 10 control groups. Patients received transcranial direct current stimulations over the primary somatosensory cortex on the side of the stroke lesion, and The control group applied sham tDCS to the same location. Intervention was conducted 5 times a week, 20 minutes per session for a total of 2 weeks. Assessment was performed using the Erasmus MC modifications to the Nottingham Sensory Assessment(EmNSA), Semmes-Weinstein monofilament examination(SWME) for somatosensory, and Fugle-Meyer Assessment(FMA), Motor Activity Log(MAL), and accelerometer for upper extremity function. Assessment was conducted before and after the intervention. As a result of the study, the experimental group showed a significant improvement in the overall tactile sense, proprioception, cortical sense, and perception sensitivity than the control group, and showed a statistically significant difference in the usage amount of the upper limb. Based on the results of this study, it is thought that the possibility of effective clinical application of transcranial direct current stimulation for recovery of somatosensory and upper extremity function is thought to be increased.
The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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v.13
no.1
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pp.1-12
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2012
Object : This is a study of ischemic stroke patients designed for comparison Combination therapy of western medical treatment and oriental medical treatment. and western medical treatments alone. Methods : 45 patients were diagnosed by Br-MRI scan as having suffered ischemic stroke. They had entered Kyung-Hee Medical hospital within ten days of attack, between March 2011 and October 2012. Patients were divided into two groups; a group treated with Combination therapy of western medical treatment and oriental medical treatment and other group treated with Western medical treatments. Scandinavian stroke scale and Motricity Index score was checked at admission, 2 weeks or 3 weeks later to assess neurologic improvement and motor function recovery. Results : Comparing the Scandinavian stroke scale and Motricity Index score between baseline and 2 or 3 weeks later, the combination therapy group and western medical treatment group had improved but there was no significance. Conclusions : Combination therapy have more beneficial effect on acute stage of stroke.
Objective : The purpose of this study is to assess effects of evjenth-hamberg stretching on upper-extremity function and ADL performance ability of patient with subacute stroke patients Methods : The object of this study K-hospital located in daegu, 39-year-old man who have receiving inpatient treatment with stroke. The subject during the period of four weeks, five times a week, and thirty minutes for one session, evjenth-hamberg stretching exercise of affected side. Before and after the intervention in order to compare upper-extremity function was assessed using manual function test(MFT), motor activity log(MAL) and ADL performance ability was assessed by functional independence measure(FIM). Results : Upper-extremity function of the object score improved from each 3 in MAL, the ADL performance ability score increased from 73 to 94. Conclusion : The result of this study evjenth-hamberg stretching in patients with subacute stroke upper-extremity function and ADL performance ability to promote was found that the effect. The evjenth-hamberg stretching in the occupational therapy, if appropriately utilized more on the functional recovery of patients is expected to be helpful.
Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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v.16
no.4
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pp.346-355
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2006
The purpose of this study was conducted to ascertain the difference between impinger and passive sampling methods in the process of sampling and analyzing on airborne formaldehyde. Formaldehyde generating workplaces included in this study comprised four types of manufacturing industry such as two workplaces of products of wood, cork, straw and plaiting materials manufacturing industries, one casting metal manufacturing industry, and one parts and accessories for motor vehicles and it′s engines manufacturing industry. Workplaces contained in this study were located in some manufacturing area of Busan industrial complex and this study was carried out during a period from January 2003 to December 2004. Analytical accuracy, precision and detection limit of two methods was compared. Exposure level of its airborne concentration was evaluated in formaldehyde generating workplaces those were classified by types of industry, working process, and time. The results were as follows ; 1. A rate of recovery was 107.1% in impinger method and 101.8% in passive method, and precision was 7.79% in impinger method and 4.40% in passive method. There was no statistical significance in analytical accuracy and precision between two methods. A limitation of detection was 0.011 ppm in passive method which was lower than that of impinger method (0.020 ppm) by 1.8 times. 2. Airborne formaldehyde concentration of impinger method was different from passive method. It′s concentration by passive method was higher by 5.1 times than that by impinger method in the parts and accessories for motor vehicles and it′s engines manufacturing industry (P<0.05). Only in molding process among several types of processes, formaldehyde concentration in passive method was higher by 5.1 times than that in impinger method (P<0.05). Furthermore, formaldehyde concentration in passive method was higher by 1.7 times than that in impinger method (P<0.05) in the first half of year 2003. 3. The geometric mean of formaldehyde concentration in impinger method was lower than that in passive method, but there was no statistical significance of formaldehyde concentration by the difference of sampling method. In conclusion, it is difficult to conclude which is better between the two sampling methods because of no statistical significance for the difference of concentration. Because of lacks of certified passive sampling and analytical method, at present situation, studies on verification of accuracy and precision, obstructive reaction against validity on its exposure assessment, and research to develop domestically manufactured passive sampler in terms of cost-effectiveness should be continuously carried out.
Circulatory arrest under deep hypothermia is an important auxiliary means for cardiac surgery, especially useful in pediatric patients. However, its clinical safety, particularly with regard to the neurologic outcome after long duration of circulatory arrest, is still not established. This study is a review of the eight years'clinical experience of hypothermic circulatory arrest at the Seoul national University Children's Hospital. During an eight-year period from January 1986 through December 1993, a total of 589 consecutive cardiac operations were done using circulatory arrest under deep hypothermia. Among them, 434 consecutive patients, in whom the duration of arrest was 20 minutes or more, are the subject of this study. The duration of arrest ranged from 20 minutes to 82 minutes (mean = 38.7 minutes) under rectal temperature in the range from 12.5$^{\circ}C$ to 25.8$^{\circ}C$. Early neurologic abnormalities occurred in 47 patients : seizure attacks in 28 patients, motor paralyses with or w thout seizure in 12, blindness in 2, and no recovery of consciousness in 5 patients. The rate of incidence of early neurologic abnormalities was calculated at 15.7%. 25 patients showed late neuropsychologic sequelae, such as motor paralysis (9 patients), recurrent seizures (6), developmental delay (8), and definitely low intelligence (2). The rate of incidence of late neurologic sequelae was 8.5%, By statistical analysis, the following factors were identified as the risk factors for post-arrest neurologic abnormalities ; 1) long duration of circulatory arrest, 2) lower-than-ideal body weight, 3) preexisting neurological abnormalities, 4) associated non-cardiovascular congenital anouialies, and 5) low blood pressure during the early post-arrest period. It is concluded that circulatory arrest under deep hypothermia is a relatively safe means for pediatric cardiac surgery with acceptable risk. However, to warrant maximal safety, it is desirable to limit the duration of arrest to less th n 40 minutes. In addition, it is our contention that the early post-arrest period is a very critical period during which maintenance of adequate perfusion pressure in important for the neurologic outcome.
Mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK), which is a novel kinesin with a central motor domain, is believed to playa role in mitotic segregation of chromosome during the M phase of the cell cycle. In the present study, it is shown that a rabbit polyclonal antibody has been produced using the N-terminal region (187 aa) of human MCAK expressed in E. coli as the antigen. To express the N-terminal region in E. coli, the MCAK cDNA fragment encoding N-terminal 187 aa was obtained by PCR and was then inserted into the pET 3d expression vector. Molecular mass of the N-terminal region overexpressed in the presence of IPTG was 23.2 kDa on SDS-PAGE, and the protein was insoluble and mainly localized in the inclusion body that could be easily purified from the other cellular proteins. The N-terminal region was purified by electro-elution from the gel after the inclusion body was resolved on the SDS-PAGE. The antiserum obtained after tertiary immunization with the purified protein specifically recognized HsMCAK when subjected to Western blot analysis, and showed a fluctuation of the protein level during the cell cycle of human Jurkat T cells. Synchronization of the cell-cycle progression required for recovery of cells at a specific stage of the cell cycle was performed by either hydroxyurea or nocadazole, and subsequent release from each blocking at 2, 4, and 7 h. Northern and Western analyses revealed that both mRNA and protein of HsMCAK reached a maximum level in the S phase and declined to a basal level in the G1 phase. These results indicate that a polyclonal antibody raised against the N-terminal region (187 aa) of HsMCAK, overexpressed in E. coli, specifically detects HsMCAK (81 kDa), and it can analyze the differential expression of HsMCAK protein during the cell cycle.
Bu, Young-Min;Oh, Se-Nam;Hwang, Man-Ki;Chung, Jin-Hee;Lee, Dae-Hee;Park, Young-Mee;Kim, Mi-Yon;Kim, Zhen-Hwa;Kim, Ho-Cheol
The Korea Journal of Herbology
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v.21
no.2
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pp.151-158
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2006
Objectives : The purpose of the present study is to observe the neuroprotective effect of the $NeuBo153^{\circledR}$ on transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Methods : $NeuBo153^{\circledR}$ was made by mixing the herbs, mainly the root of Panax ginseng, the root of Rehmannia glutinosa and Poria cocos, the stem bark of Acanthopanax senticosus, the root of Scutellaria baicalensis and Mel, and heating for 96 hours. Transient Focal cerebral ischemia (2 h of ischemia, 22 h of reperfusion) was induced by intraluminal suture method with SD rats. Sensory motor function was tested by rotarod test, prehensile traction test, beam balance test and foot fault test at 24 h after ischemia. The brain slices were stained by 2% 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride and the infarct volume was measured by graphic analyzer at 24 h after ischemia. Results : $NeuBo153^{\circledR}$ treated group did not show significant differences compared with vehicle treated group in body temperature. Oral administration of $NeuBo153^{\circledR}$ reduced brain infarct volume by 29.7% compared with vehicle treated group. $NeuBo153^{\circledR}$ also showed protective effects on sensory motor functional deficits. Conclusion : $NeuBo153^{\circledR}$ treatment reduced brain damage and improved functional deficits induced by MCAo. It showed neuroprotective effects even when treatment was relayed 2 h after injury. Further research is required to evaluating long term functional recovery am accurate therapeutic range and mechanisms.
Park, Hea-Woon;Kim, Su-Jeong;Cho, Yun-Woo;Hwang, Se-Jin;Lee, Won-Yub;Ahn, Sang-Ho;Jang, Sung-Ho
The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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v.22
no.3
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pp.79-85
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2010
Purpose: Many trials for new therapeutic approaches such as stem cell-based transplantation have been conducted to improve the repair and regeneration of injured cord tissue and to restore functions following spinal cord injury (SCI) in animals and humans. Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ATSCs) have multi-lineage potential to differentiate into cells with neuron-like morphology. Most studies of stem cell transplantation therapy after SCI are focused on cellular regeneration and restoration of motor function, but not on unwanted effects after transplantation such as neuropathic pain. This study was focused on whether transplantation of ATSCs could facilitate or attenuate hindpaw pain responses to heat, cold and mechanical stimulation, as well as on improvement of locomotor function in a rat with SCI. Methods: A spinal cord injury rat model was produced using an NYU impactor by dropping a 10 g rod from a height of 25 mm on to the T9 segment. Human ATSCs (hATSCs; approximately $5{\times}10^5$ cells) or DMEM were injected into the perilesional area 9 days after the SCI. After transplantation, hindpaw withdrawal responses to heat, cold and mechanical allodynia were measured over 7 weeks. Motor recovery on the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale and on the inclined plane test were also evaluated. Results: The present study demonstrated that increased hindpaw withdrawal responses to cold allodynia was observed in both groups after transplantation, but the development of cold-induced allodynia in the hATSC transplantation group was significantly larger than in the control group. The difference between the two groups in locomotor functional improvement after SCI was also significant. Conclusion: Careful consideration not only of optimal functional benefits but also of unintended side effects such as neuropathic pain is necessary before stem cell transplantation therapy after SCI.
Seo Tae-Beom;Yoon Sung-Jin;Kim Kyung-Tae;Yoon Jae-Suk;Yoon Jin-Hwan;Park Sung-Tae;Han In-Sun;Namgung Uk
Journal of Life Science
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v.15
no.3
s.70
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pp.486-491
/
2005
Physical activity can improve sensorimotor recovery after peripheral nerve injury. Growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) is highly correlated with neuronal development and axonal regeneration and present in large quantities in the axonal growth cone. Using immunofluorescene staining and anterograde and retorgrade techniques, we identified enhanced axonal regrowth in distal stump of the sciatic nerve 3-14 days after crush injury in rats with treadmill training. We also carried out western blot to investigate GAP-43 protein expression in injured sciatic nerve. GAP-43 protein levels were highly induced in the injured sciatic nerve 3, 7 and 14 days compared with sedentary group. Thus, the present data provide a new evidence that treadmill training promoted axonal re-growth after injury and increased GAP-43 protein levels in the regenerating nerve.
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