• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2009

Despite the growing body of evidence suggesting a role for MsrA in antioxidant defense, little is currently known regarding the function of MsrB in cellular protection against oxidative stress. In this study, we overexpressed the mammalian MsrB and MsrA genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and assessed their subcellular localization and antioxidant functions. We found that the mitochondrial MsrB3 protein (MsrB3B) was localized to the cytosol, but not to the mitochondria, of the yeast cells. The mitochondrial MsrB2 protein was detected in the mitochondria and, to a lesser extent, the cytosol of the yeast cells. In this study, we report the first evidence that MsrB3 overexpression in yeast cells protected them against $H_2O_2$-mediated cell death. Additionally, MsrB2 overexpression also provided yeast cells with resistance to oxidative stress, as did MsrA overexpression. Our results show that mammalian MsrB and MsrA proteins perform crucial functions in protection against oxidative stress in lower eukaryotic yeast cells.

• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.9
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• pp.580-585
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• 2009

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is widely used in chemistry and biology as a solvent and as a cryoprotectant. It is also used as a pharmaceutical agent for the treatment of interstitial cystitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Previous reports described DMSO as being reduced by methionine-S-sulfoxide reductase (MsrA). However, little is known about the DMSO reduction capability of methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase (MsrB) or its effect on the catalysis of methionine sulfoxide reduction. We show that mammalian MsrB2 and MsrB3 were unable to reduce DMSO. This compound inhibited MsrB2 activity but did not inhibit MsrB3 activity. We further determined that DMSO functions as an inhibitor of MsrA and MsrB2 in the reduction of methionine sulfoxides via different inhibition mechanisms. DMSO competitively inhibited MsrA activity but acted as a non-competitive inhibitor of MsrB2 activity. Our study also demonstrated that DMSO inhibits in vivo methionine sulfoxide reduction in yeast and mammalian cells.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2004

A congestion control algorithm to prevent buffer overflow in MSR(Mobility Support Router) for I-TCP is proposed. Due to high bit error rate and frequent hand-offs over wireless environment, the current congestion control scheme in TCP Reno over mixed(wired and wireless) network exhibits lower throughput than the throughput achieved over wired only network. I-TCP has been proposed to address this by splitting a TCP connection into two TCP connections over wired section and wireless section, respectively. However, buffer overflow in MSR may occur whenever there are excessive bit errors or frequent hand-offs. This may lead to the loss of packets acked by MSR(resident in buffer) to the sender, but not received by the receiver, breaking TCP end-to-end semantics. In this Paper, a new scheme is proposed to prevent the MSR buffer from overflow by introducing “flow control” between the sender and the MSR. Advertised window for the TCP connection between the sender and the MSR is tied to the remaining MSR buffer space, controlling the flow of packets to the MSR buffer before overflow occurs.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.501-508
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• 2022

The flow of global digitalization is leading to the emergence of a decentralized system environment based on blockchain or distributed ledger technology in the fields of economy, identity authentication, and logistics. Accordingly, a requirement that public services be searchable from several decentralized maritime service registries (MSRs) has been derived in terms of the discoverability of e-navigation services. This study describes a decentralized MSR environment composed of the MSR ledger and multiple local MSRs, and it has implemented a service search system that can search global e-navigation services in the environment through a web browser. This system is a decentralized application that dynamically generates service attributes, geometry information, and free text queries, and that provides users with relevant MSR and service access information from search results that are registered in the MSR ledger. In this study, we tested the established decentralized MSR environment and the system that performs service search within that environment, and we discussed its advantages and limitations.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.159-163
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to observe the growth habit and investigate a possibility of cultivating the GM rice (CaMsrB2-8) as a rice cultivar having drought resistance. Germination viability test showed that there was no significant difference between the drought-resistant GM(CaMsrB2-8) and non-GM (Ilmi) rice which was the parent variety at the GM rice. All the seeds of CaMsrB2-8 and Ilmi germinated after 6 days. Viviparous germination was not found in CaMsrB2-8 and Ilmi that was grown in greenhouse at $23{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ with water spraying for 40 days. Ratooning of CaMsrB2-8 and Ilmi was observed in 7-14 days and found uniform in field condition. CaMsrB2-8 seemed to grow faster than Ilmi. But CaMsrB2-8 and Ilmi were similar in 14-21 days. Both CaMsrB2-8 and Ilmi showed low seed shattering and more than 90% grains were ripened. All the seeds scattered in the paddy soil surface were not germinated after passing the winter. This study suggests that the drought-resistant GM rice was not significantly different with the parent variety of Ilmi in many agronomic characteristics such as wildness traits.

• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.256-261
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• 2011

PEP-1 peptide has been used for transduction of native protein into mammalian cells. This work describes the findings that the fusion of PEP-1 to target proteins led to protein truncation likely in a non-protein-specific manner. Approximately 75% of PEP-1-MsrA fusion protein was truncated in the N-terminal region of MsrA between Lys-27 and Val-28 during expression in Escherichia coli and purification. This large protein truncation was also observed in another PEP-1 fused protein, PEP-1-MsrB2, in the N-terminal region of MsrB2. The full-length PEP-1-MsrA protein was rapidly transduced into keratinocyte cells within 15 min. The transduced PEP-1-MsrA was functionally active and could protect skin cells against oxidative stress- and ultraviolet radiation-induced cell death. Collectively, our data demonstrated the protective roles of MsrA in skin cells and, moreover, may raise a concern of protein truncation caused by fusion of PEP-1 about the general use of this peptide for protein transduction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.171-192
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• 2010

In this study, the concepts and main ideas of the 'Management System for Records(MSR)' standards which is being prepared by ISO(TC46/SC11) are explained. And the implications and prospects of MSR standards are suggested for the development of records management practice in Korea. The MSR has the same frame with the ISO 9001(QA system) and its main procedures are consistent with ISO 15489. Its methodology of record management can help organizations to integrate their records management with their own management and system development strategies. The MSR can provide good solutions to improve the national archiving policy and to solve the current argument about the professionalism of record managers.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.164-169
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• 2020

Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease in which plaque builds up inside of an artery and can lead to various complications such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and thrombosis. Recently, hypertriglyceridemia has attracted significant attention as contributors to development of atherosclerosis. However, molecular mechanism of its contribution to atherosclerosis is poorly understood. Here we proposed a potential link between triglyceride (TG) and atherosclerosis. TG treatment promoted downregulation of certain scavenger receptor, macrophage scavenger receptor-1 (MSR-1) in phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-derived human macrophages. TG treatment caused reduction of MSR-1 mRNA expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Using chemical inhibitors, we found that inhibition of signaling pathways associated with PI3K and PLC enhances TG-induced reduction of MSR-1 expression in THP-1 macrophages implying that PI3K and PLC is implicated in the expression of MSR-1 in macrophages. Since MSR-1 is associated with uptake and clearance of atherogenic lipoprotein, oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxi-LDL), our data suggest that increase of oxi-LDL due to TG-mediated reduction of its receptor MSR-1 can promote atherosclerosis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.59-62
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• 2008

The peptide methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msrs) are enzymes that catalyze the reduction of methionine sulfoxide back to methionine. Because of two enantiomers of methionine sulfoxide (S and R forms), this reduction reaction is carried out by two structurally unrelated classes of enzymes, MsrA (E.C. 1.8.4.11) and MsrB (E.C. 1.8.4.12). Whereas MsrA has been well characterized structurally and functionally, little information on MsrB is available. The recombinant MsrB from Bacillus subtilis has been purified and crystallized by the hanging-drop vapor-diffusion method, and the functional and structural features of MsrB have been elucidated. The crystals belong to the trigonal space group P3, with unit-cell parameters a=b=136.096, $c=61.918{\AA}$, and diffracted to $2.5{\AA}$ resolution using a synchrotron-radiation source at Pohang Light Source. The asymmetric unit contains six subunits of MsrB with a crystal volume per protein mass $(V_M)\;of\;3.37{\AA}^3\;Da^{-1}$ and a solvent content of 63.5%.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.121-148
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• 2016

MSR identifies that records are key factors in achieving the goals of an organization and that records management is part of the business administration. Therefore, organizations could secure accountability and continuity of works through the activities of production and management records. This study explored what should be prepared to adopt MSR in public institutions based on the analysis of the requirements of the ISO 30301. which is prepared to be utilized as a certificate system. It focuses on 1) how laws could be supplemented to adopt MSR by comparing the requirements of MSR and the Public Records Management Act; 2) what should be prepared by organizations in terms of their rules and procedures; and 3) how the evaluation system of public institutions and the records management evaluation system could be revised to ensure that MSR will be sufficiently implemented in the organizations. In conclusion, the part to be supplemented by the law, the area to be operated as the internal rules of the organizations, and the way to be reflected in the evaluation of the public institutions were suggested.