• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2010

It is often misled that Multi Pilot License is introduced by International Civil Aviation Organization for the shortage of pilots. The truth is, however, that the license is focused on efficient training of co-pilots in the airline transportation system which an autopilot system is increasing in the Multi Crew environment. ICAO has been researching on the license since 1982, and made it international standard on 2006. Currently, co-pilots trained under Multi-Crew Pilot License courses are continuously increasing over the world. Although the license has introduced to Korea in September 10, 2009, it has not won popular support yet. This paper will lead people to precise understanding of Multi-Crew Pilot License and suggest its introduction plan.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2004년도 ICEIC The International Conference on Electronics Informations and Communications
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• pp.27-30
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• 2004

OFDMA is considered as one of the major candidates for broadband wireless access. The OFDMA signal is usually coherently demodulated, requiring the channel estimation which can be estimated using a known pilot signal. In multi-cell environment, the performance of channel estimation is mainly limited by intercell interference. It is desirable to use a pilot signal that can estimate the channel information robust to the intercell interference in the OFDMA uplink system. In this paper, we consider two types of pilot signal applicable to multi-cell OFDMA uplink systems: One is time-multiplexed pilot signal and the other is code­multiplexed pilot signal. Simulation results show that the code-multiplexed pilot is suitable for low mobility environment and time-multiplexed pilot is suitable for high mobility environment.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.117-121
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• 2021

Multi-crew Pilot License (MPL) is an international pilot certification adopted by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in 2006 under the recognition of the need for efficient and systematic pilot training including the education of pilots with advanced aviation technology and ability to respond to flight environment, resolution of the human factor problems of pilots, and provision of stable training tools for transport aircraft pilots for potential risk of pilot shortage in the future. South Korea also has prepared a legal basis for operating an MPL system in the Aviation Act in 2009, but there has been no domestic MPL qualifier. The biggest reason for this seems to be the insufficient domestic MPL training system. Therefore, it is necessary to benchmark the international standards of the ICAO, and to promote the development of the Korean MPL training system through revision and supplementation of laws and regulations in consideration of Korean circumstances.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권11C호
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• pp.1113-1121
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 기지국간 간섭이 큰 다중기지국 환경에서 multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) 시스템을 위한 파일럿 시퀀스 설계 방법 및 채널 추정 기법을 제안한다. 제안 파일럿 시퀀스의 경우 평균 제곱 오류치 (Mean Square Error)를 최소화시키며, 설계된 파일럿에 적합한 채널 추정 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 파일럿 시퀀스 및 채널 추정 기법은 추 시퀀스의 상관관계 특성을 이용해 설계되며 모의실험을 통해 설계된 파일럿 시퀀스를 이용한 채널 추정 기법이 기지국간 간섭을 완화에 효과적임을 보여준다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.284-293
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• 2005

A critical issue in applications involving networks of wireless sensors is their ability to synchronize, and mitigate the fading propagation channel effects. Especially when distributed 'slave' sensors (nodes) reach-back to communicate with the 'master' sensor (gateway), low power cooperative schemes are well motivated. Viewing each node as an antenna element in a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) multi-antenna system, we design pilot patterns to estimate the multiple carrier frequency offsets (CFO), and the multiple channels corresponding to each node-gateway link. Our novel pilot scheme consists of non-zero pilot symbols along with zeros, which separate nodes in a time division multiple access (TDMA) fashion, and lead to low complexity schemes because CFO and channel estimators per node are decoupled. The resulting training algorithm is not only suitable for wireless sensor networks, but also for synchronization and channel estimation of single- and multi-carrier MIMO systems. We investigate the performance of our estimators analytically, and with simulations.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2022

Since the MPL (Multi-Crew Pilot License) Program was introduced in Korea in 2009, there has not been a single pilot licensed under the MPL Program. To successfully implement the MPL Program in Korea, it is necessary for an Approved Training Organization to develop the MPL Flight Instructor Training Program and foster excellent MPL Flight Instructors. However, there are no rules or guidelines regarding the MPL Flight Instructor Training Program in Korea. This study suggests the Training Specification for the MPL Flight Instructor, including the training syllabus, training and assessment methods. The MPL Flight Instructor Training Program should be composed of minimum 14-hour academic and practical training, which includes the concept of Competency-Based Training, CRM, Competency, Behavior Indicator and Assessment. To be qualified for the MPL Flight Instructor, candidates need to successfully complete the course and pass the practical test. In order to maintain the qualification, MPL Flight Instructors should comply to recency and recurrent training requirements.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2022

A survey was conducted on the awareness and demand for the Multi-crew Pilot License (MPL) to prepare the legal institutional basis for the MPL certification system. A total of 288 airmen were asked questions about the awareness and demand of the MPL certification system, and factors affecting the establishment and participation of MPL training programs. The survey results show the understanding of the MPL certification system is significantly lower than that of the current pilot certification system. The demand for the MPL training program was found to be significant, trainees and low-skilled airmen was greater demand. The factor that has the greatest influence on the establishment and participation of the MPL training program was identified as employment connection (airline recruiting). It is expected that the result of this study will be used as basic data necessary for establishing MPL certification system policy.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.162-166
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• 2023

본 연구는 부조종사 자격증명 (MPL) 제도 도입을 위한 시범운영 로드맵에 관한 연구로서, MPL 제도의 국내 도입은 기존의 조종사 자격제도와는 다른 역량 (Competency) 기반의 신개념 조종인력 양성 및 자격제도로서 새로운 조종사 교육 및 자격제도이다. 따라서 MPL 제도의 국내 도입은 초기 규정 확보, 훈련사업자 또는 교육생 확보 등의 제반 사항 준비 및 훈련 인프라 구축이 어려울 수 있으므로 MPL 제도의 성공적인 도입을 위해서는 시범운영에 필요한 로드맵이 매우 중요하다. 국내 항공시장에서 MPL 제도가 검증된 훈련프로그램 및 자격체계를 확보하기 위해서는 정부와 항공업계 구성원이 공동으로 참여하여 MPL 훈련프로그램 과정의 점검, 평가 및 개선사항의 도출해내는 국내 비행 환경에 적합한 MPL 제도의 시범운영 로드맵의 중요성을 강조하고자 한다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.324-328
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• 1992

보다 경제적인 공정개발을 위하여 pilot scale의 다단 연속발효공정(multi-stage CSTR)에서 전분질 원료의 에탄올 발효를 연구하였다. 에탄올 발효를 쌀보리는 30일, cassava는 60이 동안 성공적인 운전을 할 수 있었으며, 원료는 저온 증자를 위하여 20-mesh sieve를 통과한 가루를 사용하였다. 최적화된 운전조건하에서 cassava의 overall productivity는 에탄올 농도 9.51(v/v)에서 $1.27g/{\ell}{\cdot}h$로써 종래 산업적 규모의 회분식 공정에서 얻는 것보다 약 2배 증가되었다.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.117-121
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• 2021

The Multi-crew Pilot License (MPL) is a new pilot qualification introduced by ICAO to train co-pilots for transport aircraft based on efficient and stable competency to respond to changes in the operating environment and technology. ICAO and the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) require a minimum flight of 240 hours for MPL qualification training, and allow the use of flight simulation training devices (FSTDs) for most of the training, specifying the performance requirements for FSTDs. As South Korea is also preparing for the operation of the MPL training program, it is essential to establish the operating standards for FSTDs required for MPL training. This study aims to identify the international standards for FSTDs related to MPL training, and to compare them with the current operating standards for FSTDs in South Korea for presenting a standard (draft) that can be used when introducing domestic MPL training programs in the future.