• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.35-64
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• 2021

Government websites provide useful and timely information to the public such as government's history, organizational values, codes of ethics, public services, facts about public official, among others. Using language choice as framework, the study seeks to examine what language is used, in what contents, and in what kind of website. The study employed online observation in 235 Philippine government websites (.gov.ph) via content analysis. As a result, English is overwhelmingly used; while Filipino, the Philippines' national language, and only a handful of regional languages, are minimally used in the contents. Discussion will follow how multilingualism can improve the dissemination of information and communication more conveniently and efficiently from the government to its citizens.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.321-326
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• 2020

This paper is to analyze the language education policy in the context of multilingualism. As the majority of the population are multilingual, language policy should be centered on the multilingual speakers as the norm, and multilingual language policy is the best route which we can follow as a language policy in education. The motivation and legitimacy of the multilingual policies are suggested in terms of 6 different perspectives: identity, sustainability, equity, World Englishes, machine translation, and Universal Grammar (UG). As a model of language policy, the English-Plus (i.e., English+n) policy and similarly the Korean-Plus (i.e., Korean+n) policy are suggested to be the most appropriate language policies in the field of education in America and Korea respectively. These plus policies aim at bilingual fluency in both the native language and other foreign languages that are constitutive of the multilingualism of the country in which the bilingualism is treated as a variant of multilingualism. In a period of convergence and diversity in the 4^th Industrial Revolution, language diversity and multilingual policy should be considered as a right to be protected or as a resource to be conserved rather than as a problem to be solved.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.26.1-26.3
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• 2021

Previous approaches to create a controlled vocabulary for Japanese have resorted to existing bilingual dictionary and transformation rules to allow such mappings. However, given the possible new terms introduced due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the emphasis on respiratory and infection-related terms, coverage might not be guaranteed. We propose creating a Japanese bilingual controlled vocabulary based on MeSH terms assigned to COVID-19 related publications in this work. For such, we resorted to manual curation of several bilingual dictionaries and a computational approach based on machine translation of sentences containing such terms and the ranking of possible translations for the individual terms by mutual information. Our results show that we achieved nearly 99% occurrence coverage in LitCovid, while our computational approach presented average accuracy of 63.33% for all terms, and 84.51% for drugs and chemicals.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.116-120
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• 2009

최근 IPTV 상용화와 디지털 방송 본격화는 사용자에게 다양한 방송 프로그램을 제공한다는 장점도 있지만, 동시에 수많은 프로그램을 탐색하여 선별해야 하는 부담을 주고 있다. 이러한 불편함을 해소하고자 최근에는 사용자 선호도와 방송 프로그램 정보를 이용하여 사용자 취향에 맞는 프로그램을 자동으로 추천하는 서비스의 요구가 증대되고 있다. 또한 궁극적으로 방송 서비스가 '개인화'와 '개방화'의 형태로 진행되고 있다는 점을 감안하면, 추천 서비스는 TV 프로그램 뿐만 아니라 광고도 포함해야 하며, 다중 언어를 지원하는 형태로 발전되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 다중 언어를 지원하는 개인화된 TV 프로그램 및 광고 추천 서비스를 위한 하나의 시스템을 제안한다. 우리는 먼저 사용자 시나리오를 작성하고, 기능 요구사항들을 분석하여 시스템 구조를 설계한다. 그리고 다중 언어를 지원하는 시스템에서의 한글 처리 방법도 간단히 설명한다. 본 연구는 현재 유럽 공동기술 개발 사업 과제의 일환으로 진행되고 있어, 여기에서는 현 시점의 결과물인 시나리오, 시스템 구조 설계, 한글 처리까지 소개하고 있다.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.235-245
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to develop and evaluate multilingual education materials to promote health and adaptation to pregnancy for immigrant women in Korea. Methods: This study had three procedures: First, contents of the education materials were developed according to pregnant women's needs, literature reviews, and group discussion. Details in contents were constructed based on Roy's adaptation model; Second, validity verification and translation of education materials were accomplished; Third, evaluation of the education materials was done through a survey of immigrant women. Results: The education materials were developed in six languages (Korean, English, Chinese, Vietnamese, Filipino, and Cambodian). The title is "Healthy mother, happy family: eight-step guide to a healthy pregnancy". It was composed of an eight-step guide to healthy pregnancy, self-examination check list, websites for childbirth education and information, and guidelines on education materials in a brochure. In the evaluation, the average response score for the questionnaire items was high (3.23 on a four-point Likert scale). The average score for Cambodian immigrants was the highest of all immigrant women. Conclusion: Multilingual education materials developed in this research will help community health nurses to manage pregnancies for immigrant women and will be useful for health education for these women.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.43-63
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• 2016

This research analyzes the international standardization process by observing the international communication sources in order to understand the reason of its current poor use. Using the 'organizing theory' frame, we observe the initial discourse on the need of internationalized domain names in ICANN and the process of negotiation for technical choice of layers. Lastly, we take Korean domain names as a case study in order to understand the conflict and the cooperation of different stakeholders. We summarize the factors of failure of IDN as follows. First, the need of IDN in the beginning was raised around non-English speaking countries, in Asia and Middle East, with the discourse on 'digital divide solution and cultural value' ICANN rather pursues the 'technical stability of Internet Infrastructure', which made its standardization take as long as 10 years. As a result, a variety of standards and services are proposed in the marketplace, which engendered inefficient competition and domain name-related disputes such as cybersquatting, technical instability and confusion of users. In addition, the government agencies fail to present the appropriate policies adjusting multiple interests of different stakeholders.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.359-373
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• 2015

Cognitive reserve(CR) is the ability to optimize or maximize performance through complementary brain networks. CR is relevant to normal aging in cognitive-linguistic abilities. There are few domestic systematic reviews or meta-analyses that analyze the relationships between multiple CR and cognitive-linguistic domains in healthy older people. This meta-analysis included 32 studies published since 2000. In result, education level topped the list, followed by the occupation, cognitively stimulating activities, and the multilingualism. Most studies were related to memory, global cognition, and language. CR had a modest positive association with cognitive-linguistic performance. Multiple domains including memory and language also showed the significant correlations across most measures of CR. This study provides evidence-based information to support cognitive-linguistic ability in normal aging.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.91-107
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• 2014

The syllable frequency effect is defined as the inhibitory effect that words starting with high frequency syllable generate a longer lexical decision latency and a larger error rate than words starting with low frequency syllable do. Researchers agree that the reason of the inhibitory effect is the interference from syllable neighbors sharing a target's first syllable at the lexical level and the degree of the interference effect correlates with the number of syllable neighbors or stronger syllable neighbors which have a higher word frequency. However, although the syllable frequency can be classified as the syllable type and token frequency, previous studies in visual word recognition have used the syllable frequency without the classification. Recently Conrad, Carreiras, & Jacobs (2008) demonstrated that the syllable type frequency might reflect a sub-lexical processing level including matching from letters to syllables and the syllable token frequency might reflect competitions between a target and higher frequency words of syllable neighbors in the whole word lexical processing level. Therefore, the present study investigated their proposals using word naming tasks. Generally word naming tasks are more sensitive to sub-lexical processing. Thus, the present study expected a facilitative effect of high syllable type frequency and a null effect of high syllable token frequency. In Experiment 1, words starting with high syllable type frequency generated a faster naming latency than words starting with low syllable type frequency with holding syllable token frequency of them. In Experiment 2, high syllable token frequency also created a shorter naming time than low syllable token frequency with holding their syllable type frequency. For that reason, we rejected the propose of Conrad et al. and suggested that both type and token syllable frequency could relate to the sub-lexical processing.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.618-629
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• 2023

Although society has become increasingly diverse, on a few studies analyzed elementary science textbooks in terms of race or disability. Therefore, this study analyzed character illustrations presented in elementary science textbooks in terms of multiculturalism and disability. It identified 14 approved elementary science textbooks for the 2015 revised curriculum, which are used during the first and second semesters in the third grade. First, analysis of the race of character illustrations in elementary science textbooks indicated that 8.2% of them are multicultural, which is higher than the actual proportion of foreigners living in Korea. In addition, most of them were white illustrations, whereas Asian foreign illustrations made up the least, which suggests a different distribution in the Korean context. The study observed significant differences in distribution according to publishers. Second, the gender distribution of multicultural character illustrations differed by 59.0% and 41.0% for men and women, respectively, and the gender variation between publishers was relatively large in which a few publishers accounted for 80% of male multicultural figures. The third pertained to the function of illustrations, that is, the distribution of illustrations of Koreans and multicultural figures was similar in terms of the order of illustrations with explanatory functions followed by exemplary, decorative, and supplementary functions. Finally, from the perspective of diversity in disability, the proportion of illustrations with disability was 2.0%, which was less than the actual proportion in Korea. The study discussed the need to consider the situation and diversity of Korea in terms of race and d isability.