• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.140-148
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of music training on the characteristics of auditory perception of speech and music. The perception of speech and music stimuli was assessed across their respective stimulus continuum and the resultant plots were compared between musicians and non-musicians. Subjects and Methods: Thirty musicians with formal music training and twenty-seven non-musicians participated in the study (age: 20 to 30 years). They were assessed for identification of consonant-vowel syllables (/da/ to /ga/), vowels (/u/ to /a/), vocal music note (/ri/ to /ga/), and instrumental music note (/ri/ to /ga/) across their respective stimulus continuum. The continua contained 15 tokens with equal step size between any adjacent tokens. The resultant identification scores were plotted against each token and were analyzed for presence of categorical boundary. If the categorical boundary was found, the plots were analyzed by six parameters of categorical perception; for the point of 50% crossover, lower edge of categorical boundary, upper edge of categorical boundary, phoneme boundary width, slope, and intercepts. Results: Overall, the results showed that both speech and music are perceived differently in musicians and non-musicians. In musicians, both speech and music are categorically perceived, while in non-musicians, only speech is perceived categorically. Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicate that music is perceived categorically by musicians, even if the stimulus is devoid of vocal tract features. The findings support that the categorical perception is strongly influenced by training and results are discussed in light of notions of motor theory of speech perception.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.140-148
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of music training on the characteristics of auditory perception of speech and music. The perception of speech and music stimuli was assessed across their respective stimulus continuum and the resultant plots were compared between musicians and non-musicians. Subjects and Methods: Thirty musicians with formal music training and twenty-seven non-musicians participated in the study (age: 20 to 30 years). They were assessed for identification of consonant-vowel syllables (/da/ to /ga/), vowels (/u/ to /a/), vocal music note (/ri/ to /ga/), and instrumental music note (/ri/ to /ga/) across their respective stimulus continuum. The continua contained 15 tokens with equal step size between any adjacent tokens. The resultant identification scores were plotted against each token and were analyzed for presence of categorical boundary. If the categorical boundary was found, the plots were analyzed by six parameters of categorical perception; for the point of 50% crossover, lower edge of categorical boundary, upper edge of categorical boundary, phoneme boundary width, slope, and intercepts. Results: Overall, the results showed that both speech and music are perceived differently in musicians and non-musicians. In musicians, both speech and music are categorically perceived, while in non-musicians, only speech is perceived categorically. Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicate that music is perceived categorically by musicians, even if the stimulus is devoid of vocal tract features. The findings support that the categorical perception is strongly influenced by training and results are discussed in light of notions of motor theory of speech perception.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.45-52
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• 2019

With the popularity of mobile Internet and smart phones, the domestic digital music access platform has entered a period of rapid development. Existing studies in the academic circle have shown that experience has a positive impact on user perception and loyalty. However, the research on the relationship between brand loyalty, user perception and user experience of Internet products has not received much attention. Starting from the brand loyalty theory and user experience theory, this paper explores the mechanism of user experience, user perception and brand loyalty of digital music access platform. Based on the development status of digital music access platform in China, the purpose is to explore how the user experience of the mainstream digital music access platform can affect Usefulness Perception, Epidemic Perception. And to explore how the Usefulness Perception, Epidemic Perception can affect users' brand loyalty. also further explore the role of users' perception in this process to understand the relationship between brand and user experience. In practical operations, 398 formal questionnaires were issued online to collect first-hand data, and reliability analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis and hypothesis analysis were carried out successively on the data in the later stage. Through research, it is found that the user experience of digital music access platform has a partial significant impact on the perception and loyalty of applications. The visual presentation and emotional feelings of digital music access platform are positively correlated with the perceived usefulness of applications. The visual presentation and emotional feelings of digital music access platform are positively correlated with the perceived popularity of applications. The e perceived usefulness and perceived popularity of the digital music access platform are positively correlated with the loyalty of the application. Through this research, it has certain guiding significance to the promotion of digital music access platform's brand loyalty degree.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.180-190
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: Although many studies have evaluated the effect of the digital noise reduction (DNR) algorithm of hearing aids (HAs) on speech recognition, there are few studies on the effect of DNR on music perception. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of DNR on music, in addition to speech perception, using objective and subjective measurements. Subjects and Methods: Sixteen HA users participated in this study (58.00±10.44 years; 3 males and 13 females). The objective assessment of speech and music perception was based on the Korean version of the Clinical Assessment of Music Perception test and word and sentence recognition scores. Meanwhile, for the subjective assessment, the quality rating of speech and music as well as self-reported HA benefits were evaluated. Results: There was no improvement conferred with DNR of HAs on the objective assessment tests of speech and music perception. The pitch discrimination at 262 Hz in the DNR-off condition was better than that in the unaided condition (p=0.024); however, the unaided condition and the DNR-on conditions did not differ. In the Korean music background questionnaire, responses regarding ease of communication were better in the DNR-on condition than in the DNR-off condition (p=0.029). Conclusions: Speech and music perception or sound quality did not improve with the activation of DNR. However, DNR positively influenced the listener's subjective listening comfort. The DNR-off condition in HAs may be beneficial for pitch discrimination at some frequencies.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.180-190
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: Although many studies have evaluated the effect of the digital noise reduction (DNR) algorithm of hearing aids (HAs) on speech recognition, there are few studies on the effect of DNR on music perception. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of DNR on music, in addition to speech perception, using objective and subjective measurements. Subjects and Methods: Sixteen HA users participated in this study (58.00±10.44 years; 3 males and 13 females). The objective assessment of speech and music perception was based on the Korean version of the Clinical Assessment of Music Perception test and word and sentence recognition scores. Meanwhile, for the subjective assessment, the quality rating of speech and music as well as self-reported HA benefits were evaluated. Results: There was no improvement conferred with DNR of HAs on the objective assessment tests of speech and music perception. The pitch discrimination at 262 Hz in the DNR-off condition was better than that in the unaided condition (p=0.024); however, the unaided condition and the DNR-on conditions did not differ. In the Korean music background questionnaire, responses regarding ease of communication were better in the DNR-on condition than in the DNR-off condition (p=0.029). Conclusions: Speech and music perception or sound quality did not improve with the activation of DNR. However, DNR positively influenced the listener's subjective listening comfort. The DNR-off condition in HAs may be beneficial for pitch discrimination at some frequencies.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.389-397
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• 2008

This study is investigating the perceptions of early childhood teachers on early childhood music activity. The subjects are early childhood teachers(N=217) working at kindergartens and day care centers in Jeonbuk Province. The data were collected from a questionnaire and analyzed with the tests of frequency, Cronbach's $\alpha$, t-test, ANOVA and Duncan. The results are as follow: first, the early childhood teachers are being aware of importance of infant music activity in the order of "aesthetic exploration", "artistic expression", and "art appreciation". Second, according to teachers' working place, the teachers have no differences of perception in early childhood music activities, while, according to children's age in the class which the teachers are taking charge of, they show differences of perception in the activities of "exploring movements " and "respect for artistic expression". Third, according to the early childhood teacher's career, they have difference of perception in "singing" activity only, while according to their education level, they have no differences of perception in all music activities. According to teachers' age, they have differences of perception in the activities of "aesthetic exploration", "exploring sound", and "singing".

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.78-85
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• 2013

Music functions as a catalyst for various emotional experiences. Among the numerous genres of music, film music has been reported to induce strong emotional responses. However, the effectiveness of film music in evoking different types of emotions and its relationship in terms of which musical elements contribute to listeners' perception of intended emotion have been rarely investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the congruence between the intended emotion and the perceived emotion of listeners in film music listening and to identify musical characteristics of film music that correspond with specific types of emotion. Additionally, the study aimed to investigate possible relationships between participants' identification responses and personal musical experience. A total of 147 college students listened to twelve 15-second music excerpts and identified the perceived emotion during music listening. The results showed a high degree of congruence between the intended emotion in film music and the participants' perceived emotion. Existence of tonality and modality were found to play an important role in listeners' perception of intended emotion. The findings suggest that identification of perceived emotion in film music excerpts was congruent regardless of individual differences. Specific music components that led to high congruence are further discussed.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.80-88
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• 2021

Background and Objectives: Non-linear frequency compression (NLFC) technology compresses and shifts higher frequencies into a lower frequency area that has better residual hearing. Because consonants are uttered in the high-frequency area, NLFC could provide better speech understanding. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical effectiveness of NLFC technology on the perception of speech and music in patients with high-frequency hearing loss. Subjects and Methods: Twelve participants with high-frequency hearing loss were tested in a counter-balanced order, and had two weeks of daily experience with NLFC set on/off prior to testing. Performance was repeatedly evaluated with consonant tests in quiet and noise environments, speech perception in noise, music perception and acceptableness of sound quality rating tasks. Additionally, two questionnaires (the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit and the Korean version of the International Outcome Inventory-Hearing Aids) were administered. Results: Consonant and speech perception improved with hearing aids (NLFC on/off conditions), but there was no significant difference between NLFC on and off states. Music perception performances revealed no notable difference among unaided and NLFC on and off states. The benefits and satisfaction ratings between NLFC on and off conditions were also not significantly different, based on questionnaires, however great individual variability preferences were noted. Conclusions: Speech perception as well as music perception both in quiet and noise environments was similar between NLFC on and off states, indicating that real world benefits from NLFC technology may be limited in Korean adult hearing aid users.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.80-88
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• 2021

Background and Objectives: Non-linear frequency compression (NLFC) technology compresses and shifts higher frequencies into a lower frequency area that has better residual hearing. Because consonants are uttered in the high-frequency area, NLFC could provide better speech understanding. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical effectiveness of NLFC technology on the perception of speech and music in patients with high-frequency hearing loss. Subjects and Methods: Twelve participants with high-frequency hearing loss were tested in a counter-balanced order, and had two weeks of daily experience with NLFC set on/off prior to testing. Performance was repeatedly evaluated with consonant tests in quiet and noise environments, speech perception in noise, music perception and acceptableness of sound quality rating tasks. Additionally, two questionnaires (the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit and the Korean version of the International Outcome Inventory-Hearing Aids) were administered. Results: Consonant and speech perception improved with hearing aids (NLFC on/off conditions), but there was no significant difference between NLFC on and off states. Music perception performances revealed no notable difference among unaided and NLFC on and off states. The benefits and satisfaction ratings between NLFC on and off conditions were also not significantly different, based on questionnaires, however great individual variability preferences were noted. Conclusions: Speech perception as well as music perception both in quiet and noise environments was similar between NLFC on and off states, indicating that real world benefits from NLFC technology may be limited in Korean adult hearing aid users.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2021

In this study, we investigated longitudinal music perception of adult cochlear implant (CI) users and how acoustic stimulation with CI affects their music performance. A total of 163 participants' data were analyzed retrospectively. 96 participants were using acoustic stimulation with CI and 67 participants were using electrical stimulation only via CI. The music performance (melody identification, appreciation, and satisfaction) data were collected pre-implantation, 1-year, and 2-year post-implantation. Mixed repeated measures of ANOVA and pairwise analysis adjusted by Tukey were used for the statistics. As result, in both groups, there were significant improvements in melody identification, music appreciation, and music satisfaction at 1-year, and 2-year post-implantation than a pre-implantation, but there was no significant difference between 1 and 2 years in any of the variables. Also, the group of acoustic stimulation with CI showed better perception skill of melody identification than the CI-only group. However, no differences found in music appreciation and satisfaction between the two groups, and possible explanations were discussed. In conclusion, acoustic and/or electrical hearing devices benefit the recipients in music performance over time. Although acoustic stimulation accompanied with electrical stimulation could benefit the recipients in terms of listening skills, those benefits may not extend to the subjective acceptance of music. These results suggest the need for improved sound processing mechanisms and music rehabilitation.