• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.33-41
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• 2007

Objectives : In oriental medicine, many researchers have studied Myofascial Pain Syndrome and Twelve-Meridian Muscle system in correlation with the orthodox form of muscular anatomy. In this study, the authors compared Myofascial Pain Syndrome with Twelve-Meridian Muscle system and interpreted Myofascial Pain Syndrome through Yook Kyoung theory to reveal the similarity between Myofascial Pain Syndrome and Twelve-Meridian Muscle system, as well as to suggest another useful therapeutics. Methods : The authors investigated several literatures related with Myofascial Pain Syndrome, Twelve-Meridian Muscle system and Yook Kyoung theory. Conclusions : 1. Myofascial Pain Syndrome and Twelve-Meridian Muscle system have many similar features in their theory, concept, physiological function, pathological symptom, therapeutic principal, etc., also have some different features. 2. Myofascial Pain Syndrome is thought to be induced by the unbalance between the upregulated-Kwelum energy and the downregulated-Soyang energy in a viewpoint of Yook Kyoung theory, therefore, it is requisite to control the unbalanced energy between Kwelum and Soyang.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.71-90
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• 2003

The shoulder is the most flexible joint in human body, so many people suffer from the shoulder pain. In order to improve medical care about shoulder muscle disease, Myofascial Pain Syndrome(M.P.S) is compared with the oriental medical theory. The findings of this study are as follows; 1. Myofascial Pain Syndrome(M.P.S) is the sensory, motor, and autonomic symptoms caused by myofascial trigger points. For the objectivity of the oriental medical theory, practical application is necessary. 2. The meridian and meridian-muscle of the shoulder is su-sam-yang(手三陽), su-sam-um(手三陰). Meridian-muscle theory is similar to anatomical muscle and myofascia. 3. There is similarity in the trigger point and Ashi(阿是)-point, taut band and palpable tender-point(硬結), referred pain and Hangki(行氣). In this study, myofacial pain syndrome is similar to the oriental medical theory. If myofacial pain syndrome is applicated in treatment, the cure of shoulder pain and objectivity of the oriental medical theory is improved.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.181-187
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to help understand the pressure pain threshold's comparison following time progress after IMS to the trigger point and recognize this methode' effect for treating these kind of myofascial pain syndrome in clinic. Resently, myofascial pain syndrome is a disease that keeps the highest rate of patients visiting the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine. and so one should understand the change of IMS'effect following time progress for patients to be dealt rightly in clinic. In addition, the theory and treatment of myofascial pain syndrome needs to be understood or to be dealt rightly for therapists to treat and to approach to the right moment in right mode for the patients with myofascial pain syndrome. Therefore, one should know where to stimulate and why one stimulate trigger point and what effect one obtain after IMS.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2001

Objectives : Scalenus anticus syndrome and Piriformis syndrome is representative of myogenic Nerve entrapment syndrome, and their clinical symptoms are similar to HIVD(herniated Intervertebral disc) of cervical or lumbar spine. But, distinguished by muscle test, these syndrome apply to Meridian-muscle therapy. Methods : Meridian-muscle therapy consists of Ashi(阿是)-point therapy, taping therapy, myofascial release technique, manipulation, their based on the traditional meridian-muscle theory. This theory is similar to myofascial pain syndrome in western medicine. The study population consisted of 9 patients who were already diagnosed as Nerve entrapment syndrome with radiological examination & physical examination and muscle test. The evaluation of clinical outcome was done by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Pain Assesment Questionnaire(PAQ). Results and Conclusions : After treatment, All patient's VAS is decreased as $2.11{\pm}1.59$ and the evaluation of clinical effect was excellent(6 cases) or good(3 cases) according to PAQ. Conclusively, Meridian muscle therapy is efficacious against Nerve entrapment syndrome.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.29-36
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• 2005

Objectives : This study is performed to understand the interrelation between 'Foot soyang muscle of the Gall bladder channel' and 'muscular system' on the basis of the link between meridian muscle theory and myofascial pain syndrome. Methods : We have researched some of oriental medical books about meridian muscle theory and western medical books about anatomical muscular system. Results & Conclusion : 1. Myofascial pain syndrome is the medical treatment which finds the start point of the pain in fascia and then treats it on the basis of object and concrete anatomical theory, so its application is needed for objectification of the oriental medicine. 2. There is a wide difference between myofascial pain syndrome and meridian muscle theory in that the former explains each muscle individually, while the latter classifies muscles systematically in the view of organism. 3. Foot soyang muscle contains Dorsal interosseous m, Extensor digitorum longus m, Musculus peroneus brevis, longus and, tertius, lliotibial tract, Vastus lateralis m, Gluteus m, Aximus m, Piriformis m, Tensor fasciae latae m, Gluteus minimus m, Obliquus internus & externus abdominis m, External & Internal intercostal m, Serratus anterior m, Pectoralis major m, Sternocleidomastoid m, Auricularis posterior m, Temporalis m, Masseter m, Orbicularis oculi m etc. on the basis of function and the nature of a disease reflected in muscle. 4. Foot soyang muscle keeps the balance of left md right of the body on the outside, while the Gall bladder keeps the balance of the JangBuKiHyeul(臟腑氣血) on the inside.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.1-32
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was performed to understand the interrelation between 'Foot three yang meridian-muscle' and 'muscular system'. Methods : We have researched some of the literatures on Meridian-muscle theory, anatomical muscular system, myofascial pain syndrome and anatomy trains. And especially we have compared myofascial pain syndrome to anatomy trains and researched what kind of relationship is exist between them. Results : It is considered that Foot taeyang meridian-muscle includes Abductor digiti minimi m., Gastrocnemius m., Biceps femoris m., Longissimus m., Omohyoid m., Occipital m., Frontal m., Orbicularis oculi m., Trapezius m., Sternocleidomastoid m., Sternohyoid m., Zygomaticus m. Foot soyang meridian-muscle includes Dorsal interosseus m., Tendon of extensor digitorum longus m., Extensor digitorum longus m., Iliotibial band, Vastus lateralis m., Piriformis m., Tensor fasciae latae m., Internal abdominal oblique m., External abdominal oblique m,, Internal intercostal m., External intercostal m., Pectoralis major m., Sternocleidomastoid m., Posterior auricular m., Temporal m., Masseter m., Orbicularis oculi m. Foot yangmyung meridian-muscle includes Extensor digitorum longus m., Vastus lateralis m., Iliotibial band, Iliopsoas m., Anterior tibial m., Rectus femoris m., Sartorius m., Rectus abdominis m., Pectoralis major m., Internal intercostal m., External intercostal m., Sternocleidomastoid m., Masseter m., Levator labii superioris m., Zygomatic major m., Zygomatic minor m., Orbicularis oculi m., Buccinator m. and the symptoms of Foot three yang meridian-muscle are similar to the myofascial pain syndrome. Superficial back line in anatomy trains is similar to the pathway of Foot taeyang meridian-muscle. Lateral Line in anatomy trains is similar to the pathway of Foot soyang meridian-muscle. Superficial Front Arm Line in anatomy trains is similar to the pathway of Foot yangmyung meridian-muscle. Conclusions : There is some difference between myofascial pain syndrome and meridian-muscle theory in that the former explains each muscle individually, while the latter classifies muscular system in the view of integrated organism. More studies are needed in anatomy and physiology to support the integration of muscular system of Foot three yang meridian-muscle in aspect of anatomy trains.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.39-46
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• 2006

Objective & Methods: This study is performed to understand the interrelation between 'Foot yangmyung meridian-muscle' and 'muscular system'. We studied the literatures on Meridian-muscle theory, anatomical muscular system, myofascial pain syndrome and the theory of anatomy trains. Results & Conclusion: 1. It is considered that Foot yangmyung meridian-muscle includes extensor digitorum longus m., tibialis anterior m., quadriceps femoris m., rectus abdominis m., pectoralis major m., sternocleidomastoid m., platysma m., orbicular oris m., zygomaticus major m., zygomaticus minor m., masseter m., Gluteus medius m., and Obliquus externus abdominis m. 2. The symptoms of Foot yangmyung meridian-muscle are similar to the myofascial pain syndrome with referred pain of extensor digitorum longus m., tibialis anterior m., quadriceps femoris m., rectus abdominis m., obliquus abdominis m., masseter m. 3. Superficial frontal line in anatomy trains is similar to the pathway of Foot yangmyung meridian-muscle, and more studies are needed in anatomy and physiology to support the continuity of muscular system of Foot yangmyung meridian-muscle in aspect of anatomy trains.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.135-144
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• 2009

Objective : The Meridian sinew is one of the meridian subsystems, which includes muscles distributed on the twelve meridian. This study was performed to understand which muscle is falling under 'Foot lesser yin meridian sinew'. Methods : We have studied the literatures on meridian sinew theory and searched muscles which correspond to 'Foot lesser yin meridian sinew' in anatomical muscular system. And we researched myofascial pain syndrome about the symptoms of the muscles falling under 'Foot lesser yin meridian sinew'. Lastly we compared 'Foot lesser yin meridian sinew' with 'Deep Frontal Line' - one of the anatomical trains. Results & Conclusion : 1. It is considered that 'Foot lesser yin meridian sinew' includes flexor digitorum brevis muscle, abductor hallucis muscle, medial head of gastrocnemius muscle, flexor digitorum longus muscle, adductor muscle, iliopsoas muscle, erctor spinae muscle. 2. The symptoms of 'Foot lesser yin meridian sinew' are similar to the myofascial pain syndrome with referred pain of the muscles falling under 'Foot lesser yin meridian sinew'. 3. 'Deep frontal line' is similar to 'Foot lesser yin meridian sinew', but not exactly in neck & pelvic muscles.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.143-153
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• 2005

What we want to report is the oriental medical treatment of eleven patients with lumbago. The patients had several features in common. First, the source of the lumbago was related to overdrinking or overeating, which is something like food damage(食傷) in oriental medicine. Second, they had symptoms of digestive trouble as well as lower back pain. Third, the R.O.M of lumbar spine was limited but there was no another special abnormality in physical examination. Fourth, singly they had muscular tenderness of Iliopsoas muscle and symptoms by Myofascial pain of Iliopsoas muscle was appeared. We assumed this sort of lumbago to be one due to retention of undigested food(食積) or damp-heat(濕熱) in oriental medicine, similar to Myofascial pain syndrome of Iliopsoas muscle in western counterpart. Acupuncture treatment was done to improve the digestive trobles according to oriental medical theory, and we saw the improvement in VAS score of lower back pain, degree of lumbar flexion, Iliopsoas muscle's tenderness and also digestive trobles. But an objective researches on the relation of lumbago due to retention of undigested food(食積) or damp-heat(濕熱) and myofascial pain syndrome of Iliopsoas muscle are quite lacking. However we think such a clinical approach could be useful in practices of oriental medicine increase in curative effect.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.67-81
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• 2005

We have conclusions after the study of muscular system about small intestine channel of hand taiyang muscle. Judging from many studies of interrelation between Meridian muscle and muscle, it is considered that Meridian muscle theory has some similarities with modern anatomical muscular system. It is considered that Small intestine channel of hand taiyang muscle contains Flexor digitorum profundus muscle, Extensor digiti minimi muscle, Abductor digiti minimi muscle, Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle, Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle, Triceps brachii muscle, Infraspinatus muscle, Levator scapulae muscle, Sternocleidomastoid muscle, Masseter muscle, Temporalis muscle. The symptoms of small intestine channel of hand taiyang muscle is similar to referred pain of modern Myofascial Pain Syndrome, and the medical treatment of "I Tong Wi Su(以痛爲輸)" is also similar to that of Myofascial Pain Syndrome. Small intestine channel of hand taiyang muscle is one of the three yang channels of hand muscle, and it has unity in extension of upper limb and trunk in the movement. And it is thought that weakness of small intestine channel of hand taiyang muscle is related with muscular system causing Round Shoulder and Head Forward Position.