• Title/Summary/Keyword: N-containing compound

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Development of Practical Lumped Contaminant Modeling Approach for Fate and Transport of Complex Organic Mixtures (복잡한 혼합 유기오염물의 거동 예측을 위한 실용적인 오염물 집략화 모델링 기법 개발)

  • Joo, Jin-Chul;Song, Ho-Myeon
    • Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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    • v.14 no.5
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    • pp.18-28
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    • 2009
  • Both feasibility and accuracy of lumped approach to group 12 organic compounds in mixtures into a fewer number of pseudocompounds in sorption processes were evaluated using mixtures containing organic compounds with various physicochemical properties and low-surface-area mineral sorbents. The lumped approach for sorption to simulated mineral sorbents was developed by cluster analysis from statistics. Using the lumped approach, the sorption estimated from both reduced number of pseudocompounds and their sorption parameters (i.e., $K_f$, n) can approximate sorption behavior of complex organic mixtures. Additionally, the pseudocompounds for various mixtures to different types of low-surface-area mineral sorbents can be estimated a priori from the physicochemical properties of organic compound (i.e., ${\gamma_w}^{sat}$). Therefore, the lumped approach may help to simplify the complex fate and transport model of organic contaminant mixtures, reduce experimental efforts, and yet provide results that are statistically identical for practical purposes. Further research is warranted to enhance the accuracy of lumped approach using the multiple regression analysis considering the H-bonding capacity, site concentrations, functional groups for mineral sorbents.

An Ethanol Extract of the Brown Seaweed Hizikia fusiformis and Its Active Constituent, Fucosterol, Extend the Lifespan of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (갈조류 톳(Hizikia fusiformis)의 에탄올추출물 및 이의 활성성분 fucosterol에 의한 예쁜꼬마 선충의 수명 연장)

  • Oktaviani, Diyah Fatimah;Bae, Young-Seuk;Meinita, Maria Dyah Nur;Moon, Il Soo;Hong, Yong-Ki
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.29 no.10
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    • pp.1120-1125
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    • 2019
  • The short-lived nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been used as a model organism for many studies, including lifespan extension. To screen common seaweeds for natural anti-aging agents, the lifespan of C. elegans (N2 wild-type strain) was measured by its hatch rate, growth rate, survival rate, chemotaxis, brood size, and egg-laying time after exposure to nematode growth medium (NGM) containing seaweed extracts. Approximately 30 animals synchronized at the first larval stage were incubated until they reached their adult stages before laying their eggs and were transferred to fresh NGM every 3 days. We also identified the major active compound from the seaweed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and tested its optimal dose for longevity. Of 13 common seaweed species, an ethanol extract of the brown seaweed Hizikia fusiformis showed the greatest effect on hatching, growth, and survival rates. The lifespan of C. elegans was significantly expanded 1.54-fold and 1.23-fold in the presence of the ethanol extract (0.05 mg/ml) and the main active component, fucosterol (0.05 mg/ml), respectively. Exposure to the ethanol extract also increased chemotaxis 1.13-fold, decreased brood size 0.74-fold, and shortened egg-laying time 0.96-fold. These results suggest that the aquaculturable H. fusiformis may be a promising source of a diet supplement to support health care.

Synthesis of a Dopamine Transporter Imaging Agent, N-(3-[$^{18}F$]fluoropropyl)-$2{\beta}$-carbomethoxy-$3{\beta}$-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane (도파민운반체 방사성추적자 N-(3-[$^{18}F$Fluoropropyl)-$2{\beta}$-carbomethoxy-$3{\beta}$-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane의 합성)

  • Choe, Yearn-Seong;Oh, Seung-Jun;Chi, Dae-Yoon;Kim, Sang-Eun;Choi, Yong;Lee, Kyung-Han;Kim, Byung-Tae
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.298-305
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    • 1999
  • Purpose: N-(3-[$^{18}F$]Fluoropropyl)-$2{\beta}$-carbomethoxy-$3{\beta}$-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane [$^{18}F$]FP-CIT) has been shown to be very useful for imaging the dopamine transporter. However, synthesis of this radiotracer is somewhat troublesome. In this study, we used a new method for the preparation of [$^{18}F$]FP-CIT to increase radiochemical yield and effective specific activity. Materials and Methods: [$^{18}F$]FP-CIT was prepared by N-alkylation of nor-${\beta}$-CIT (2 mg) with 3-bromo-1-[$^{18}F$]fluoropropane in the presence of $Et_3N$ (5-6 drops of $DMF/CH_3CN$, $140^{\circ}C$, 20 min). 3-Bromo-1-[$^{18}F$]fluoropropane was synthesized from $5{\mu}L$ of 3-bromo-1-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxypropane (3-bromopropyl-1-triflate) and $nBu_4N^{18}F$ at $80^{\circ}C$. The final compound was purified by reverse phase HPLC and formulated in 13% ethanol in saline. Results: 3-Bromo-1-[$^{18}F$]fluoropropane was obtained from 3-bromopropyl-1-triflate and $nBu_4N^{18}F$ in 77-80% yield. N-Alkylation of nor-${\beta}$-CIT with 3-bromo-1-[$^{18}F$]fluoropropane was carried out at $140^{\circ}C$ using acetonitrile containing a small volume of DMF as the solvents. The overall yield of [$^{18}F$]FP-CIT was 5-10% (decay-corrected) with a radiochemical purity higher than 99% and effective specific activity higher than the one reported in the literature based on their HPLC data. The final [$^{18}F$]FP-CIT solution had the optimal pH (7.0) and it was pyrogen-free. Conclusion: In this study, 3-bromopropyl-1-triflate was used as the precursor for the [$^{18}F$]fluorination reaction and new conditions were developed for purification of [$^{18}F$]FP-CIT by HPLC. We established this new method for the preparation of [$^{18}F$]FP-CIT, which gave high effective specific activity and relatively good yield.

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Utilization of Wood by-product and Development of Horticultural Growing Media (임산부산물을 이용한 원예용 혼합상토 개발)

  • Jung, Ji Young;Lim, Ki-Byung;Kim, Ji Su;Park, Han Min;Yang, Jae-Kyung
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.435-442
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    • 2015
  • The main objective of this work was to identify and evaluate possible substrate alternatives or amendments to peat moss. This study involves the physical and chemical characterization and growth test of wood sawdust and wood fiber in order to evaluate their use as components of horticultural media. The carbohydrate content, C/N ratio, pH, phenolic compound, total porosity and water holding capacity were 58.9%, 425.1, 4.8, 181.8 ($mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$), 82.5% and 47.1% in wood sawdust and 41.1%, 240.8, 5.9, 29.8 ($mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$), 90.6% and 56.2% in wood fiber, respectively. Wood sawdust (K, $998.0mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$ ; Ca, $1196.0mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$; Mg, $105.6mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$) and wood fiber (K, $1250.1mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$; Ca, $1982.6mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$; Mg, $173.1mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$) showed adequate mineral elements properties compared to peat moss (K, $0.02mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$; Ca, $0.57mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$; Mg, $0.13mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$) for their use as growing media. The mixtures of the horticultural media were prepared using different substrate as wood sawdust and wood fiber to grow Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) in a greenhouse. The seed germination, leaf area and stem height were 75%, $0.50cm^2$ and 2.8 cm in PS substrate (containing 30% peat moss, 10% perlite and 60% wood sawdust) and 95%, $0.65cm^2$ and 3.3 cm in PF substrate (containing 30% peat moss, 10% perlite and 60% wood fiber), respectively. The seed germination and stem height of the PF substrate (containing 30% peat moss, 10% perlite and 60% wood fiber) was higher than those in peat moss (control). Utilization of wood by-product can be considered as an alternative media component to substitute the widely using expensive peat moss.

A Study of Exploiting Raw Material of Seasoning by Using Fish and Shells -1. On Composition of Seasoning Material in Cooking By-product- (어패류를 이용한 조미료 소재 개발에 관한 연구 -1. 패류 자숙액즙의 성분조성-)

  • KIM Woo-Jun;BAE Tae-Jin;CHOI Jong-Duck;CHOI Ji-Hyun;AHN Myung-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.259-264
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    • 1994
  • The possibility of shellfish utilization of juice as seasoning materials was examined through the analyzing proximate compositions and N-containing materials. The amounts of the sucking liquid wastes were estimated as 58,819 tons for oyster, 764 tons for pen-shell, 604 tons for cockle and 3,896 tons for blue-mussel from 1985 to 1990 in Korea. Water contents ranged from 95.2 to $97.4\%$ and crude protein level was $1.0{\sim}1.4\%$. Taurine was the most abundant nitrogenous compound($40{\sim}56\%$) in extracts, and glycine($10.4{\sim}36.1\%$), alanine($4.8{\sim}8.6\%$) and glutamic acid($3.1{\sim}5.3\%$) followed. More than $40\%$ of ADP and AMP as mucleotide were contained in all shellfish samples but pen-shell and cockle had $20\%$ of inosine, also. Glycinebetaine was present in corcentrations of 139.8mg/g in oyster and $45.5{\sim}61.9mg/100g$ in pen-shell, cockle and blue-mussel. Total creatinine and trimethylamine oxide levels were $30.4{\sim}59.1mg/100g$ and $0.82{\sim}47.2mg/100g$, respectively.

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32P-postlabeling Analysis of 7H-Dibenzo [c,g] carbazole and Dibenz [a,j] acridine DNA Adduct in Mice (7H-Dibenzo [c,g] carbazole과 Dibenz[a,j] acridine에 의한 DNA adduct의 32P-postlabeling 분석)

  • Roh, JH;Moon, YH;Warshawsk, D.;Talaska, G.
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.14-21
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    • 1993
  • N-Heterocyclic aromatics (NHA) are widely occurring environmental pollutants formed during the pyrolysis of nitrogen-containing organic chemicals. NAH are found in significant amounts in tobacco condensates, synthetic fuels, polluted river sediment, and effluents from the heating of coal. Following topical application 7H-dibenzo[c, g]carbazole (DBC) induces cancer in liver as well as skin, indicating that dermal exposure can lead to systemic effect. DBC and dibenz[a,j]acridine (DBA) are examples of NHA. The potency of many carcinogenic compounds is related, at least in part, to the efficiency of their biological activation. We undertook studies to determine which initial metabolites lead to the formation of high levels of carcinogen-DNA adducts in vivo. DBC and DBA's, DBA, trans-DBA-1,2-dihydrodiol (DBA-1,2-DHD), trans-DBA-3,4-dihydrodiol (DBA-3,4-DHD), and trans-DBA-5,6-dihydrodiol (DBA-5,6-DHD), were applied to the skin of mice. There were six adducts that were related to DBC application. These addusts were seen in the target organ, liver at high levels, but at very low levels in non-target organs, skin, lung and kidney. In skin, DBA produced two distinct adducts. The same two adducts were seen when DBA-3,4-DHD was applied. In addition the total adduct level elicited by DBA-3,4-DHD higher than that of parent compound. Two adducts were seen when DBA-5,6-DHD was applied, but these were very different from adducts seen with DBA. These results suggested that activation of DBA to DNA-binding compounds in skin includes initial formation of DBA-3,4-DHD.

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Volatile Flavor Compounds in Omandungi (Styela plicata)-Doenjang (Soybean paste) Soups and stew by Cooking (가열조리한 오만둥이된장찌개의 휘발성 향기성분)

  • Jeong, Eun-Jeong;Cho, Woo-Jin;Cha, Yong-Jun
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.18 no.11
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    • pp.1570-1577
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    • 2008
  • For useful basic data in developing of Omandungi (Styela plicata) processed products, volatile flavor compounds were analyzed to identify the key reaction flavor compounds induced through heat treatment ($100^{\circ}C$, 10 min) in Omandungi -Doenjang (soybean paste) soups and stew. A total of 128 flavor compounds were identified and composed mainly of esters (16), aromatic compounds (14), N-containing compounds (11), alcohols (34), terpenes (5), carbonyl compounds (23), furans (4), hydrocarbons (13), acids (5) and miscellaneous compounds (3). Three groups including aromatic compounds, alcohols and acids were detected in high amounts in Doenjang. However, the levels of C4-C6 series acids (i.e., pentanoic acid having off-flavor) decreased by cooking ($100^{\circ}C$, 10 min), whereas that of furans (i.e., furfural) as heat induced compounds increased 2 times. Alcohols were detected the major group in Omandungi and followed by hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds in that order. In particular, 3 compounds including decenol, 2,6-dimethylheptanol and octanol were the major alcohols of Omandungi. By cooking, the compounds known heat-induced compound, 2-acetyl-2-thiazoline and benzothiazole, were newly formed in Omandungi-Doenjang stew. The alcohols (i.e., decenol, 2,6-dimethylheptanol), hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds derived from Omandungi were supposed to enhance a seafood-like flavor in Omandungi-Doenjang stew.

Measurement of Sulfur Dioxide Concentration Using Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy With Optical Multi-Absorption Signals at 7.6 µm Wavelength Region (7.6 µm 파장 영역의 다중 광 흡수 신호 파장 변조 분광법을 이용한 이산화황 농도 측정)

  • Song, Aran;Jeong, Nakwon;Bae, Sungwoo;Hwang, Jungho;Lee, Changyeop;Kim, Daehae
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.293-303
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    • 2020
  • According to the World Health Organization (WHO), air pollution is a typical health hazard, resulting in about 7 million premature deaths each year. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is one of the major air pollutants, and the combustion process with sulfur-containing fuels generates it. Measuring SO2 generation in large combustion environments in real time and optimizing reduction facilities based on measured values are necessary to reduce the compound's presence. This paper describes the concentration measurement for SO2, a particulate matter precursor, using a wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) of tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS). This study employed a quantum cascade laser operating at 7.6 ㎛ as a light source. It demonstrated concentration measurement possibility using 64 multi-absorption lines between 7623.7 and 7626.0 nm. The experiments were conducted in a multi-pass cell with a total path length of 28 and 76 m at 1 atm, 296 K. The SO2 concentration was tested in two types: high concentration (1000 to 5000 ppm) and low concentration (10 ppm or less). Additionally, the effect of H2O interference in the atmosphere on the measurement of SO2 was confirmed by N2 purging the laser's path. The detection limit for SO2 was 3 ppm, and results were compared with the electronic chemical sensor and nondispersive infrared (NDIR) sensor.

Comparison of Internal Quality and Volatile Aromatic Compounds in Several Ligularia spp. (곰취속 몇몇 종의 내적 품질과 휘발성 향기성분과 비교)

  • Baek, Jun Pill;Mele, Mahmuda Akter;Choi, In-Lee;Yoon, Hyuk Sung;Kim, Young Seol;Park, Wan Geun;Kwon, Myoung Cheol;Kang, Ho-Min
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.21-26
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    • 2015
  • This study was conducted to compare the aromatic compounds and the internal quality such as total phenolic contents, DPPH activity, and vitamin C contents in two new forma (red type and dalgom) and gom-chwi (Ligularia fischeri). Total phenolic contents were indicated 137.29mg/100g fresh wt. in gom-chwi, 158.40mg/100g fresh wt. in red type, and 180.82mg/100g fresh wt. in dalgom, red type and dalgom had higher contents than gom-chwi. DPPH activities were appeared similar result in gom-chwi (74.45%) and red type (75.59%), and dalgom (86.26%) had better than others. In vitamin C contents, gom-chwi and red variety had shown very closed results but dalgom had best result (1.81mg/100g fresh wt.). Essential oil contents of red type (0.164% of fresh wt.) and dalgom (0.290% of fresh wt.) had higher contents than gom-chwi (0.060%). Analysis of major components of essential oil by GC/MSD, identified 43 compounds in gom-chwi, 44 compounds in red type, and 31 compounds in dalgom. N-containing compound only detected in dalgom. Comparison of six aromatic compounds for fragrance (a-pinene, ${\beta}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-phellandrene, a-phellandrene, 3-carene, and limonene) was indicated red type had higher contents and dalgom had lower contents than gom-chwi. Dalgom had higher contents of total phenolic, DPPH activity, vitamin C, and essential oil than red type and gom-chwi. This result had shown the dalgom had better characters for new cultivar.

Investigation of Correlations of Double Inversion Recovery and MR Spectroscopy on Breast MR Imaging (유방 자기공명영상에의 이중반전회복기법과 자기공명분광영상법의 상관관계 연구)

  • Ryu, Jung Kyu;Rhee, Sun Jung;Jahng, Geon-Ho
    • Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.34-42
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    • 2014
  • Purpose : To evaluate the correlation of lesion-to-normal ratio (LNR) of signal intensity from double inversion recovery MR imaging and total choline-containing compound (tCho) resonance from single voxel MR spectroscopy in breast cancers. Materials and Methods: Between August 2008 and December 2009, 28 patients who were diagnosed as breast cancer and had undergone both double inversion recovery (DIR) MR imaging and MR spectroscopy (MRS) were included in this study. The signal intensities of the lesion (L) and ipsilateral normal breast tissue (N) were measured in region of interest of each breast cancer in DIR and contrast enhance MR image (CE-T1WI) to calculate the LNR value for each technique. MRS was performed using single-voxel MR spectroscopy. The height, width and area of tCho resonance were compared with each LNR of DIR and CE-T1WI. We used Pearson's correlation coefficient(r) for correlation analysis and the significance level was p=0.05. Results: There was no statistically significant correlation between LNR of CE-T1WI and height (r=-0.322, p=0.094), width (r=-0.233, p=0.232) and area (r=-0.309, p=0.109) of MRS tCho. There was no statistically significant correlation between LNR of DIR and height (r=0.067, p=0.735), width (r=-0.287, p=0.139) and area (r=0.012, p=0.953) of MRS tCho, either. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.186 between LNRs of CET1WI and DIR (p=0.344). Conclusion: There was no statistically significant correlation between LNR of DIR and relative amount of tCho resonance of MRS.