• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6545-6548
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• 2015

Background: Synovial sarcoma is a mesenchymal neoplasm that accounts for around 10% of all soft tissue sarcomas. The diagnosis of synovial sarcoma can be a challenging task, particularly with small biopsy specimens. Aim: We investigated transducer-like enhancer of split 1 (TLE1), monoclonal antibody, expression by immunohistochemical analysis in a group of 74 synovial sarcoma cases, 20 cases of MPNST, 12 cases of neurofibroma, 15 cases of schwannoma, 5 cases of MFH, 10 cases of lieomyosarcoma and 10 cases of solitary fibrous tumor. Materials and Methods: Whole tissue sections were examined: (39 biphasic and 35 monophasic). Nuclear immunoreactivity was scored as negative (<5% of cells positive), 1+(mild /5-25%), 2+ (moderate/25-50%), and 3+ (strong >50%). Results: Overall, 71 (96%) of 74 synovial sarcomas were positive for TLE1, including 37 biphasic (95%) and 34 monophasic (97%) tumors. Other spindle cell tumors showed very low or absent staining of TLE1. Conclusions: We conclude that TLE1 is a sensitive marker and can be a useful diagnostic marker for synovial sarcoma, particularly the monophasic forms.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.54-57
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• 2015

Angiosarcoma is a rare and highly malignant neoplasm which develops from the endothelium of blood vessels. A few cases of primary angiosarcoma of the parotid gland have been reported. However, there is no report of primary angiosarcoma of the accessory parotid gland. In this case, we report a primary angiosarcoma of the accessory parotid gland in a 45-year-old man with growing cheek mass. Ultrasonography revealed a $2.0{\times}2.6cm$ sized homogeneous hypoechoic mass and computed tomography showed a contrast enhanced homogeneous mass. Fine needle aspiration biopsy suggested a benign tumor. The mass was completely excised with a minimal vertical incision. The histopathology showed anastomosing vascular channels lined by atypical endothelial cells and many branching vessels with staghorn appearance with positive immunohistochemical staining for CD34, a highly specific endothelial marker. The patient underwent postoperative radiotherapy and was followed for 8 years without recurrence and metastasis.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.69-72
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• 2013

Carcinosarcoma is a rare malignant, biphasic tumor comprised of carcinoma and sarcoma components. In the gastrointestinal tract, carcinosarcoma is most frequently seen in the esophagus and rarely in the stomach. We report a 51-year-old female patient with 2-month-history of epigastric pain and dyspepsia. Endoscopic finding revealed a huge ulcerative lesion that infiltrated from the antrum to the mid-body. An endoscopically taken biopsy revealed poorly differentiated malignant round cell neoplasm. After the palliative subtotal gastrectomy, immunohistochemical studies showed two positive reactions for the epithelial marker and mesenchymal marker. Based on the above findings, the patient was diagnosed with gastric carcinosarcoma. The immunohistochemical analysis is a critical method in making an accurate diagnosis of carcinosarcoma.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.701-707
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• 1997

Although many reseraches have been persued to detect the molecular tumor marker to define the cancer, ideal tumor marker which speak for the characteristics of malignancy and has high sensitivity and specificity is not known. One of the characteristics of the malignant cells is indefinite proliferative potential, in other word, immortality. The expression of telomerase and stabilization of te10meres are con omitant with the attaiunent of immortality in tumor cells; thus the measurement of telomerase activity in clinically obtained tumor samples may provide important information which would be useful as a diagnostic marker to detect immortal cancer cells. Telomerase activity was analyzed in 12 non-small cell . lung cancer cell lines and 41 primary non-small cell lung cancers with the use of a PCR-based assay. All the cell lines and the majority of tumors displayed telomerase activity, but telomerase was not detectable in most of the corresponding pathologically-normal tissues. Telomere length was not correlated with telomerase activity. The present study indicate that measurement of telomerase activity may be useful as a molecular tumor marker in non-small cell lung cancer.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1200-1205
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• 1998

Background: Lung cancer formation is a multistage process involving activation of protooncogene and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. We evaluate the significance of cyclin D1, p53, bcl-2 gene mutations in patients with curatively resected stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Material and Method: One hundred consecutive cases of stage IIIA lung cancers from patients operated on curatvely between 1990 and 1995 for which adequate paraffin blocks and clinical history were available. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on the representative tissue sections from each case by the labelled streptovidin- biotin method. Sections for cyclin D1, p53, Bcl-2 immunostaining were pretreated in a microwave oven for 10 to 20 minutes in citrate buffer before immunostaining. The overnight incubation with NCL-cyclin D1-GM for cyclin D1, with clone DO-7 for p53, with clone 124 for bcl-2 was done. Mean follow-up was 24.1 months (range 2-84 months) after operation. Result: One hundred cases of lung cancers were composed of 56 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 37 cases of adenocarcinoma, 5 cases of adenosquamous cell carcinoma, and 2 cases of large cell carcinoma. The 5-year survival was 32.1%. The positive expression rate of cyclin D1 was 35%, p53 was 56%, and bcl-2 was 17%. But there were no correlation between cyclin D1, p53, Bcl-2 protein expression and survival. Conclusion: These observation indicate that cyclin D1, p53, bcl-2 protein overexpression might be implicated in the oncogenesis of non-small cell lung carcinomas but they have no usefulness as a prognostic marker.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2001

배경: 최근 치료법의 진보에도 불구하고 진행성 식도암의 예후는 5년 생존율이 10% 이하로매우 불량하기 때문에 식도암에 대한 새로운 치료방법의 하나로 암면역 치료가 대두되고 있다. 암면역 치료를 위해서 MAGE 등 종양 특이항원이 연구의 대상이 되고 있으나 국내에서는 아직 이에 대한 연구가 없다. 대상 및 방법: 1995년 1월부터 1998년 12월까지 고신대학교 복음병원 흉부외과에서 수술 치험한 125례의 식도암중 병리조직 보관상태가 양호한 편평세포암 79례를 병기에 따라(1병기 19례, IIa병기 19례, IIb병기 10례, III병기 21례, IV병기 10례) 무작위로 추출하고 대조군으로 평활근종 20례와 정상 식도점막 20례를 대조군으로 하여 DO7 단클론 항체와 항 MAGE-3 단클론 항체 57B를 이용하여 면역조직화학검사를 시행하여 변형 p53 단백과 MAGE-3 유전자 산물의 발현율을 조사하고 식도암 조직에서 질병의 진행도를 반영하는 병기에 따른 발현율 및 변형 p53 단백과 MAGE-3 유전자 산물의 발현율간의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 결과: 식도암조직에서 변형 p53 단백과 MAGE-3 유전자 산물의 발현율은 각각 51.9%, 60.8%의 발현율을 보였으나 식도평활근종과 정상 식도점막에서는 한례도 발현되지 않아 변형 p53 단백과 MAGE-3 유전자 산물은 대조군에 비해 식도암 조직에서 의미있게 발현되었다(p<0.001). 변형 p53 단백과 MAGE-3 유전자 산물의 발현은 I병기에서 68.4%, 52.6%, IIa병기에서 57.9%, 47.6%, IIb병기에서 60%, 70%, III병기에서 33.3%, 71.4%, IV병기에서 40%, 70% 각각 발현되어 병기에 따른 발현율의 차이는 없었다(p=0.193, p=0.452). 식도암 조직내에서 변형 p53 단백과 MAGE-3 유전자 산물의 발현간에는 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다(p=0.679). 결론: 이상의 결과로 변형 p53 단백과 MAGE-3 유전자 산물의 발현은 식도암에서 예후인자로서의 역할은 할수 없으나 식도 편평세포 암조직에서만 특이하게 높은 빈도로 발현됨으로써 식도암도 면역치료의 대상이 될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1381-1387
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• 2001

Objective : Endodermal sinus tumor or yolk sac tumor is an uncommon malignant germ-cell neoplasm. This tumor was originally described as a germ cell tumor of the ovary or the testis. Intracranial endodermal sinus tumor is extremely rare and usually develop in the pineal or suprasellar regions. The authors evaluated the effect of adjuvant therapy(chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy) and radical removal of intracranial endodermal sinus tumors. Material and Methods : Between 1996 and 2001, four patients of intracranial endodermal sinus tumor were diagnosed with tumor marker(AFP) and biopsy. Three patients were treated with surgical removal and chemotherapy with cisplatin($20mg/m^2$), etoposide($100mg/m^2$) and bleomycin($15mg/m^2$) as well as external beam radiation therapy. We compared the management problems for these tumors. Result : In all three patients the tumor size and the level of tumor marker decresed during initial adjuvant therapy. However, Tumors showed regrowth with elevated AFP of serum and CSF possibly related to delayed chemotherapeutic treatment or inadequate administration of chemotherapeutic drugs due to severe bone marrow suppression. An additional chemotherapy and external radiation therapy were given, but tumors could not be controlled with leptomeningeal seeding. Conclusion : Radiotherapy is considered to be less effective. The combination chemotherapy with PVB(cisplatin, vinblastine, bleomycine) or PE(cisplatin, etoposide) is considered to be value in prolongation of the survival rate. But the role of chemotherapy in this tumor has not yet been clarified due to bone marrow suppression and drug resistance. Further study with large series of this tumor is necessary to establish the optimal management.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4215-4221
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• 2013

Purposes: Lung cancer is prevalent worldwide and improvements in timely and effective diagnosis are need. Pentraxin-3 as a novel serum marker for lung cancer (LC) has not been validated in large cohort studies. The aim of the study was to assess its clinical value in diagnosis and prognosis. Methods: We analyzed serum PTX-3 levels in a total of 1,605 patients with LC, benign lung diseases and healthy controls, as well as 493 non-lung cancer patients including 12 different types of cancers. Preoperative and postoperative data were further assessed in patients undergoing LC resection. The diagnostic performance of PTX-3 for LC and early-stage LC was assessed using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) by comparing with serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragments (CYFRA 21-1). Results: Levels of PTX-3 in serum were significantly higher in patients with LC than all controls. ROC curves showed the optimum diagnostic cutoff was 8.03ng/mL (AUC 0.823, [95%CI 0.789-0.856], sensitivity 72.8%, and specificity 77.3% in the test cohort; 0.802, [95%CI 0.762-0.843], sensitivity 69.7%, and specificity 76.4% in the validate cohort). Similar diagnostic performance of PTX-3 was observed for early-stage LC. PTX-3 decreased following surgical resection of LC and increased with tumor recurrence. Significantly elevated PTX-3 levels were also seen in patients with non-lung cancers. Conclusions: The present data revealed that PTX-3 was significantly increased in both tissue and serum samples in LC patients. PTX-3 is a valuable biomarker for LC and improved identification of patients with LC and early-stage LC from those with non-malignant lung diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2006

Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is common in the genitourinary tract. The gold standard for the diagnosis of bladder cancer has been cystoscopy, along with urine cytology. Cystoscopy is an invasive and relatively expensive technique. By comparison, urine cytology is easy to perform and specific for a diagnosis of bladder cancer, although less sensitive, especially in low-grade tumors. For this reason, there has been a need for superior noninvasive technology to increase our confidence in being able to detect bladder cancer. There are many reports of the various urinary tests that are available to facilitate the diagnosis. In this article, I reviewed the literature on urinary markers and tests that may be clinically useful, including fluorescence in situ hybridization, uCyt+/Immunocyte, the $BTA^{(R)}$ test, the NMP 22TM, the $FDP^{(R)}$ test, the telomerase activity test, the HA and HAse tests, and flow cytometry. Most of these tests have a higher sensitivity and specificity than cytology. However, urine cytology has the highest specificity, especially in individuals with a high-grade tumor. We conclude that no urinary markers or tests can replace the role of cystoscopy along with cytology in the diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. However, some markers could be used adjunctively to increase the diagnostic accuracy during screening or during the postoperative follow-up examination of patients with bladder cancer.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.46-62
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• 1991

The intermediate filament is one of the most important constituents of the intracytoplasmic cytoskeleton microtubule, actin, myosin and intermediate filament. It is composed of keratin, desmin, vimentin, neurofilament and glial filament, and has important role as a cellular marker, epithelial or mesenchymal origin. So it will be important to differentiated from some poorly or undifferentiated neoplasm to provide adequate therapeutic modalities. This study was performed by using immunohistochemical staining and electron microscopic observation to find out intermediate filaments of epithelial and non-epithelial tumor cells evaluate the degree of differentiation in tumors and therefore to provide some diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. The materials consisted of 83 epithelial and non-epithelial elements bearing 23 normal control, 28 epithelial tumors, and 32 non-epithelial tumors, that are resected for definite treatment at Chosun University Hospital from June, 1988 to June, 1990. Immunohistochemical stain for keratin, desmin and vimentin, and electron microscopic study were performed in all cases. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Immunohistochemical stain for intermediate filament were very useful diagnostic aid for differentiated epithelial tumor to non-epithelial tumor in diagnostic neoplasia. 2. In the electron microscopic finding, the size of intermediate filaments were possible differentiated to cell components of epithelial tumor and non-epithelial tumors.