• Title/Summary/Keyword: Neurophysiological response

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Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring during Microvascular Decompression Surgery for Hemifacial Spasm

  • Park, Sang-Ku;Joo, Byung-Euk;Park, Kwan
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.62 no.4
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    • pp.367-375
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    • 2019
  • Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is due to the vascular compression of the facial nerve at its root exit zone (REZ). Microvascular decompression (MVD) of the facial nerve near the REZ is an effective treatment for HFS. In MVD for HFS, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (INM) has two purposes. The first purpose is to prevent injury to neural structures such as the vestibulocochlear nerve and facial nerve during MVD surgery, which is possible through INM of brainstem auditory evoked potential and facial nerve electromyography (EMG). The second purpose is the unique feature of MVD for HFS, which is to assess and optimize the effectiveness of the vascular decompression. The purpose is achieved mainly through monitoring of abnormal facial nerve EMG that is called as lateral spread response (LSR) and is also partially possible through Z-L response, facial F-wave, and facial motor evoked potentials. Based on the information regarding INM mentioned above, MVD for HFS can be considered as a more safe and effective treatment.

A Literature Review on Balance Control Factors (균형조절 요인에 관한 고찰)

  • Lee, Han-Suk;Choi, Houng-Sik;Kwon, Oh-Yun
    • Physical Therapy Korea
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.82-91
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    • 1996
  • Normal balance is defined as state in which the body is equlilibrium. It is complex motor control task, requring integration of sensory information, neural processing, and biomechanical factors. There are major two factors contribute to balance control, the neurological and the musculoskeletal. The neurological factor provides the sensory processing and motor output mechanisms that are the neurophysiological basis for response. The musculoskeletal factor provides the mechanical structure for response. When all components of two factors are operating effectively, the postural response should be appropriate and effective for good balance control. Therfore, balance can be influenced by above all factors. In addition, balance can be also influenced by muscle tone, hearing, physiological factors, and environmental factors. Physical therapists must understand factors of balance control so that we can accurately assess balance. Therefore, physical therapists have to develop useful balance measurement tools to evaluate balance.

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Toxicological and Electrophysiological Activities of Pyrethroids between Larvae of Diamondback Moth, plutella xylostella and Beet Armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (배추좀나방과 파밤나방의 pyrethroids약제에 대한 감수성 및 전기적 신경 반응 비교)

  • Ham, Sun-Hee;Ahn, Hee-Geun;Yang, Jeong-Oh;Yoon, Chang-Mann;Kim, Gil-Hah
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.197-202
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    • 2009
  • Based on the insecticidal efficacy by insecticide treatment methods, neurophysiological responses were compared with the larvae of diamondback moth (DBM) and beet armyworm (BAW) using pyrethroids working on nervous system. By body spray method, all pyrethroids were showed lower insecticidal activity below 50% on the larvae of DBM and BAW. By leaf dipping method, DBM larvae were showed the insecticidal activity as 100% at 50 ppm deltamethrin, 80.0% at fenvalervate and 63.3% at permethrin. However, BAW larvae were showed lower insecticidal activity as similar as control in all concentration. In order to examine electrophysiological response on nervous system on DBM and BAW larvae when treated three insecticides, we investigated the voltage and reaction degree. The voltage of DBM were responded as high as $10^{-7}M$ in deltamethrin, $10^{-5}M$ in fenvalerate and $10^{-3}M$ in permethrin. However, those of BAW were showed dull responses with small variation of voltage to all three insecticides.

Immediate Effect on Mu-rhythm of Somatosensory Cortex using Visual Feedback Training in Healthy Adults (건강한 성인에서 시각적 되먹임 훈련이 감각운동겉질의 뮤-리듬에 미치는 즉각적인 효과 )

  • Su-Bok Kim;On-Seok Lee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.47-53
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    • 2023
  • PURPOSE: A visual feedback method was proposed to induce brain stimulation in a stroke patient, and among them, there was a treatment using a mirror. On the other hand, mirror therapy focuses only on the functional changes in body movements, and analysis of neurophysiological mechanisms of brain activity is lacking. In addition, studies on evaluating the activity and response generated in specific brain regions during visual feedback training using mirrors are insufficient. METHODS: Fifteen healthy adults (male: 10, female: 5, Years: 23.33 ± 1.23), who were right-handed were recruited. By attaching the C3, Cz, and C4 channels in the sensorimotor cortex using an electroencephalogram, training was performed under the conditions without mirror-based visual feedback (No-condition) and with visual feedback (Tasks-condition). At this time, the immediate activity of the mu-rhythm in response to training was separated and evaluated. RESULTS: The tasks-condition of C3, Cz, and C4 channels activated the relative mu-rhythm rather than the no-condition, and all showed significant differences (p < .05). In addition, in all channels at the start time, the tasks-condition was more active than the no-condition (p < .05). The activity of the cortical response was higher in the tasks-condition than in the no-condition (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The mu-rhythm activity can be evaluated objectively when visual feedback using a mirror is applied to healthy subjects, and a basic analysis protocol is proposed.

A Topographically Correlational Study of P300 and MMN (mismatch negativity) in Healthy Subjects (P300과 MMN(mismatch negativity)의 지형학적 상관연구)

  • Kim, Dae-Sik;Kim, Young-Bae
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.256-263
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    • 2007
  • P300 is widely used as a neurophysiological indicator of cognitive processing, which is known as reflecting controlled processing. MMN (mismatch negativity), early response prior to P300, is known as reflecting an early stage of information processing and having involuntary attention and automatic awakening or sensory memory. This study for normal people shows that electric potential of P300 and MMN are in close correlation (r=-0.673, p<0.05). That is, it is observed that the higher negative value electric potential of MMN measured at cerebral forehead-center has, the higher value electric potential of P300 measured at cerebral center-vertex has. This fact implies that working memory for temporary storage and operation of stimuli, and involuntary attention which constitute automatic information processing, an early stage of information processing, play a crucial role in efficient information processing. On the other hand, considering that MMN of cerebral forehead-center and P300 of cerebral center-vertex are in close correlation, it is necessary to pursue further study of cerebral parts which generate P300 and MMN in information processing.

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An Analysis for the Relationship between the Level of Consciousness and LAEP caused by Sedative Injection (진정제 투여에 의한 의식수준의 변화와 LAEP간의 상관성 분석)

  • Im, Jae-Jung
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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    • v.49 no.6
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    • pp.334-338
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    • 2000
  • Even though it is not practical, yet there is a trend of the researches related to the anesthesia on the determination of depth of anesthesia and level of consciousness in the view point of neurophysiological aspects. That is, quantification of physiological signals which represent human brain function and pharmacological response could be used to find the level of consciousness based on the changes in physiological signals. This research was performed to analyze the relationship between parameters extracted from LAEP(long latency auditory evoked potential) and the amount of sedatives injected to the patients. Seventeen patients were participated for the experiment. Two different sedatives, midazolam and diazepam, were injected intramuscularly, and LAEPs caused by 1KHz and 2KHz auditory tone bust were obtained. It was found that amplitude of extracted parameters from LAEP, N100 and P300, were reduced as dose of sedatives were increased. Results of this study could be used for extracting more meaningful index and establishing algorithm for predicting changes of level of consciousness induced by sedatives.

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REM-Related Sleep-Disordered Breathing (REM 수면 관련 수면호흡장애)

  • Shin, Chol;Lee, Hyun-Joo
    • Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.10-16
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    • 2004
  • Sleep is associated with definite changes in respiratory function in normal human beings. During sleep, there is loss of voluntary control of breathing and a decrease in the usual ventilatory response to both low oxygen and high carbon dioxide levels. Especially, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a distinct neurophysiological state associated with significant changes in breathing pattern and ventilatory control as compared with both wakefulness and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. REM sleep is characterized by erratic, shallow breathing with irregularities both in amplitude and frequency owing to marked reduction in intercostal and upper airway muscle activity. These blunted ventilatory responses during sleep are clinically important. They permit marked hypoxemia that occurs during REM sleep in patients with lung or chest wall disease. In addition, sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is more frequent and longer and hypoventilation is more pronounced during REM sleep. Although apneic episodes are most frequent and severe during REM sleep, most adults spend less than 20 to 25% of total sleep time in REM sleep. It is, therefore, possible for patients to have frequent apneas and hypopneas during REM sleep and still have a normal apnea-hypopnea index if the event-rich REM periods are diluted by event-poor periods of NREM sleep. In this review, we address respiratory physiology according to sleep stage, and the clinical implications of SDB and hypoventilation aggravated during REM sleep.

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Ultrastructural and Neurophysiological Changes Observed Following Injection of Morphine, Meperidine and Pentazocine in the Sciatic Nerves of Rabbits (가토의 좌골신경에 Morphine, Meperidine, Pentazocine을 주사한 후 미세형태학적 및 신경생리학적 변화)

  • Cheun, Jae-Kyu;Kim, Sae-Yune;Bae, Jung-In
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.213-220
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    • 1992
  • The sciatic nerves of anesthetized rabbits were exposed and stimulated by a nerve stimulator in order to observe the myoneural response. These rabbits were divided into three groups and respectively injected with morphine (Group 1), meperidine(Group 2) and pentazocine (Group 3). The sciatic nerves were stimulated periodically and gait changes were observed to see the myoneural activity after the injections. When the distal part of the sciatic nerves were stimulated by the nerve stimulator after the respective drug injections, the normal muscle twitch responses were observed in all the progressional stages of Group 1. However, in Group 2 and 3, the muscle twitch responses decreased gradually, finally disappearing after approximately 10 minutes in these two groups. Complete motor paralysis continued for about 60 minutes. The muscle reactions returned to normal approximately 90 minutes after injection. Specimens drug-injected tissues were severed 4 hours, 24 hours and 1 week after injection respectively. These tissue were investigated under light as well as electron microscopy. The tissue revealed rare to moderate vacuolizations scattered in the axons of the myelinated and unmyelinated nerves of some of the specimens; however, there were no significant pathologic lesions. These results provide evidence that neurophysiologically, meperidine and pentazocine have a local anesthetic-like effect such as motor paralysis, but morphine does not. In addition, the results indicated that neurohistologically, the three narcotics have no significant toxic effects on the nerve tissue.

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Suggestions for the Effective Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring in Microvascular Decompression Surgery of Hemifacial Spasm (편측성 안면경련 환자의 미세혈관 감압수술에서 효과적인 수술 중 신경계 감시검사를 위한 제안)

  • Lim, Sung-Hyuk
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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    • v.48 no.3
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    • pp.262-268
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    • 2016
  • Hemifacial spasm is a disease caused by involuntary facial muscles with repeated unilateral convulsive spasms. It involves contraction of multiple muscles at the same time (synkinesia). The pathogenesis appears to be the pressure on the vessel by the facial nerve. This study included hemifacial spasm patients, who received microvascular decompression surgery. Brainstem auditory evoked potential and the examination time were carefully noted when using brain surgical retractor. The facial nerve electromyography tests for the identification of artifacts and EMG waveform when the facial nerve damage, about the importance of the maintenance of anesthesia in the lateral spread response and in a somatosensory evoked potential propose a new method. Based on the above test, it will be more effective.

A Study of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Principles (고유수용성 신경근 촉진법 원리에 관한 고찰)

  • Bae Sung-Soo
    • The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.109-114
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    • 1993
  • The originator of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation method was Dr. Herman Kabat, a man who received the bachelor of science degree from New York University in 1932. In 1936 he moved to the University of Minnesota where he served as instructor in physiology and also studies medicine. He received his medical doctorate in 1942. When Dr. Karbat meet Sister Kenny suggested that certain change. She does not receptive his ideas. So that he decided to pursure the treatment of patients. Upon the establishment of the Karbat- kaiser Institute to be opened in 1946. Margaret Knott, the first physical therapist to be employed by him and to become his head physical therapist. In 1948 Vallejo center was opened. Dr. Kabat developed the PNF method combined motions to ascertain the effectiveness of maximal resistance and stretch in facilitating the response of a weak distal muscle. He identified mass movement patterns that were spiral and diagonal in character in 1965. Margaret Knott presented lecture at tile APTA Annual Conference in Las Vegas. The title was In the groove. On December 18, 1978 she passed away at her home in Vallejo. Marie-Louise Mangold is director of the Kaiser Foundation Rehabilitation Center now. She is the Vice President of International Proprioceptive Neuromuscular facilitation Association. About 20 physical therapist working teaching and study at KFRC in Vallejo. PNF neuromuscular mechanism becomes integrated and efficient without awareness of individual muscle action, reflex and a multitude of other neurophysiological reactions. The principles of PNF are visual consideration, verbal consideration, and proprioceptive input consideration with tactile stimulation, joint receptors, appropriate facilitation, stretch reflex normal timing, irradiation, pattern of movement.

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