• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.69-74
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• 2003

This study evaluated durability through measurement of substituted test piece's pH degree and experiments of neutralization. Comparing and evaluating cared test piece's pH degrees which we got before the neutralization and after the neutralization. After evaluating neutralization depth through neutralization, evaluating neutralization properties by Fly Ash replacement ratio. pH degree was decreased by cement replacement ratio of Fly Ash. And in the case of substitution of the same amount of Fly Ash, fine aggregate replacement ratio was increased. When the test piece, which had been cared in high temperature, was promoted to neutralization, Among the test piece which was replaced with Fly Ash 40%, the test piece which has high rate of fine aggregate proved opposition of neutralization Through the test, Ⅰ summarized that the test piece cared in high temperature was mostly effected by compress strength, the test piece cared in low temperature was mostly effected by pH degree.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.136-141
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• 1996

This paper is an acoustic study of neutralization of short tones in Taiwanese. The results show that the two short tones were completely neutralized in juncture position. Since long tones in Taiwanese show complete neutralization in context position, the bidirectionality of tone alternation in Taiwanese Tone Sandhi poses a problem far rule-based approaches, while it is consistent with the hypothesis that both juncture and context tones are listed in the lexicon, instead of one being derived from the other. Moreover, in order to account for the difference between Taiwanese Tone Sandhi and Mandarin Tone Sandhi (which has been proven acoustically to be incomplete neutralization), the Naturalness Hypothesis is proposed, which claims that if the neutralization is phonetically unnatural, then the neutralization is more likely to be lexicalized and show complete neutralization.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.155-163
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• 2012

In order to predict the neutralization of concrete which is the reaction of carbonation dioxide from the outside and cement hydration product, such as calcium hydroxide and C-S-H, it was studied the numerical analysis method considering change of the pore structure and relative humidity during the neutralization reaction. Diffusion-reaction neutralization model was developed to predict the neutralization depth of concrete with coating finishing material. In order to build numerical analysis models considering outdoor environment and finishing materials, the adaption of proposed model was shown the results of existing outdoor exposure test results and accelerated carbonation test.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.17-25
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• 2010

This study explores whether Koreans exploit their native coda-neutralization process when recognizing words in Korean continuous speech. According to the phonological rules in Korean, coda-neutralization process must come before the liaison process, as long as the latter(i.e. liaison process) occurs between 'words', which results in liaison-consonants being coda-neutralized ones such as /b/, /d/, or /g/, rather than non-neutralized ones like /p/, /t/, /k/, /ʧ/, /ʤ/, or /s/. Consequently, if Korean listeners use their native coda-neutralization rules when processing speech input, word recognition will be hampered when non-neutralized consonants precede vowel-initial targets. Word-spotting and word-monitoring tasks were conducted in Experiment 1 and 2, respectively. In both experiments, listeners recognized words faster and more accurately when vowel-initial target words were preceded by coda-neutralized consonants than when preceded by coda non-neutralized ones. The results show that Korean listeners exploit the coda-neutralization process when processing their native spoken language.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.1376-1386
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to explore the techniques of neutralization on unethical customer return behaviors, examine the differences in the neutralizations by customer characteristics, and examine the relationships of neutralizations with customer ethics, anomie, and impulsive behaviors. A total of 609 questionnaires were analyzed. Four factors including denial of injury/victim, condemning the condemners, denial of responsibility, and appeal to higher loyalties were extracted from the neutralization techniques. The neutralization techniques were not different by customer characteristics, but were negatively related with customer ethics and positively related with anomie and impulsive behaviors. The results indicate that the neutralization techniques are appropriate to understand unethical customer return behaviors in the Korean retail settings.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2002

This study is performed to examine pH reduction by neutralization treatment and curing condition of porous concrete using rice straw ash for planting. Test results show that pH of porous concrete without neutralization treatment in the dry and water curing is 10.34 ∼ 10.57 and 9.42 ∼ 9.72, respectively. pH of porous concrete by neutralization treatment in the dry and water curing is 9.72 ∼ 10.03 and 9.00 ∼ 9.37, respectively. Accordingly, the best method for pH reduction of porous concrete for planting is to use water curing and neutralization treatment.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.177-185
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• 1999

In this study, study about fly ash and blast-furnace slag used as substitutive materials for cement, and the influence on the neutralization of high flow concrete durability with these substitutive materials was performed and analyzed. The results are as follows 1) Aggregate segregation was partially improved with the progress of the admixture input at the mix proportion above slump flow 65 cm 2) Compressive strength with the progress of the increasement of fly ash input was decreased in early age, but decrease range was improved in long term age. Also, in case of blast-furnace, similar or improved compressive strength was appeared. 3) The neutralization depth with fly ash input was noticeably increased. But blast-furnace slag was effective to prevent. 4) In this experiment, high powder content was advantageously affected on preventive effect of the neutralization, and the relationship between the compressive strength and the neutralization depth was inversely proportional.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.109-112
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• 2022

Lime has been used for the neutralization of acidic waste because it is cheap and available in large quantities. The resulting sludge often contains a considerable amount of unreacted lime due to alkali overdosing, even during automatic neutralization processes, which mainly arises from the poor solubility of lime. The sludge cake from lime neutralization of Ilkwang Mine also contained high percentages of calcium and magnesium. The elemental content of the sludge cake was compared with those obtained from a simulation of the lime neutralization facility installed at Ilkwang Mine. A Goldsim^® model estimated the degree of lime overdosing to be 19.1% based on the fractions of ferrous oxide. The analysis suggests that resolubilization of aluminum hydroxide could occur in the settling basin, in which pH exceeded 10 due to the continued dissolution of the overdosed lime. The present study demonstrated that chemical analysis of sludge combined with process simulation could provide a reasonable estimate of mass balance and chemistry in a neutralization facility for acid mine drainage.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.59-64
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• 2003

Hwangto would be an environment-friendly material that can be readily used. The purpose of this study is to obtain the absorption ratio, ultrasonic pulse velocity and neutralization of the mortar with non-active Hwangto and stone dust. The absorption ratio and neutralization depth are increased with increase of non-active Hwangto. But, the ultrasonic pulse velocity is decreased with increase of non-active Hwangto. In results of SEM analysis, the crystals are increased with increase of non-active Hwangto.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.119-124
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• 2008

Ammonia is an inorganic compound that may cause severe odor problem. In this study the effectiveness of applying natural neutralizer to destroy and remove the odor-causing compound from gas streams was studied. Experimental result evaluated with a bench-scale apparatus via the neutralization of gas phase. This indicates that the natural neutralization depends on the gas concentration, gas residence time, temperature and pH. Removal efficiency of ammonia from gas stream was achieved by 95% using theconvection in the packed bed. This study proved the chemical neutralization technology was effective for controlling inorganic odor-causing compound.