• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2004

In this study, 1 dependent variable and 9 independent variables were established to examine suitable illuminance by spaces in urban parks in consideration of night users' psychological reactions and activity types. Such fixed variables were evaluated by a series of experiments of changing illuminance, and correlation among those variables was verified by correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis to suggest suitable illuminance by spaces. The results of this study are as follows: 1) The independent variables influencing suitable illuminance by spaces in urban parks were directly influenced rather by the psychological reaction of night users than the activity types by spatial functions. 2) Securing suitable illuminance by spaces commonly increased spatial availability, created certain atmosphere, and provided safety in the psychological reaction of night users. 3) Suitable illuminance by spaces in urban parks is: Central square is 31.88lx, resting space 6.30lx, exercising space 33.14lx, children's playground 14.19lx, pedestrian road 12.29lx, entry space 16.30lx, and green space 7.03lx. That is, when a place had more positive activities, spatial illuminance was increased. 4) Though comparison by spaces with the illuminance standard for urban parks as mentioned in KS A 3011-1993 can not be made, such illuminance was relatively compatible with the permissible range of illuminance in the author's opinion. It is expected that this study investigating suitable illuminance by spaces for night use in urban parks, will provide necessary knowledge for securing suitable illuminance by spaces in urban parks through classifyingin detail the illuminance standard of KS A 3011-1993. Besides, by helping make us aware of the importance of illuminance in urban parks as well as of external space in the night, this study will contribute to academic research and development in the field of landscape architecture and associated fields and be utilized in establishing legal and institutional standards.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2016

This study deals with the light environments and weather conditions affecting to the night illuminance over the Korean peninsula. The experiment was executed to analyze the effects on the illuminance at separate sites(Gyeryong and Pilseung) considering the different light environments. The analysis was applied to illuminance measurement from the lightmeter, which was developed for the IYA(International Year of Astronomy) 2009, in order to observe the illuminance of areal networks. The weather observations, such as the cloud cover and visibility, were used to understand the quantitative influence of the illuminance to the selected sites. The results show that the illuminance measurements are significantly different from data of the operational illuminance prediction model which simply applies extinction effect for the illuminance. It shows that these differences are caused by the light environments and weather conditions for each site. Therefore, it can be confirmed that the night illuminance is the output of interaction with the characteristics of light for luminous sources.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.441-453
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 서울 도심 내 야간 인공 조명의 조도에 따라 수목 개화율과 잎 생장률이 차이가 있는 지를 규명하기 위한 사례 연구로 수행되었다. 조도는 총 26개소에서 78개 지점에서 측정하였고, 조도와 토지이용현황을 고려하여 3개 그룹으로 구분하였으며, 그룹 A(조사구 1~7)의 조도 범위는 4.90~112.50 lx, 그룹 B(조사구 8~18)의 조도 범위는 0.45~42.40 lx, 그룹 C(조사구 19~26)의 조도 범위는 0.28~22.10 lx이었다. 조도 차이 일원배치 분산분석 결과 그룹 A, B, C로 분류되었다. 수목 개화율은 왕벚나무와 철쭉류 각 30개체, 수목 잎 생장률은 느티나무, 은행나무, 단풍나무 각 30개체를 선정하여 조사하였다. 수종별 일원배치 분산분석 결과 연구대상 수목 중에서 개화율은 철쭉류, 잎 생장률은 단풍나무가 세 개의 그룹으로 분리되어 상대적으로 조도 차이에 따른 수목 영향 지표종으로서 유용한 것으로 판단되었다. 그룹별 평균 조도와 수목의 개화율 및 잎 생장률 간 상관관계 분석결과 유의성이 인정되어 조도가 높을수록 수목의 개화 및 잎 생장이 빨라지는 경향이 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 향후에는 야간 조명의 빛공해 수준별로 수목에 어느 정도 영향을 미치고 있는 지에 대한 보다 구체적인 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2011

Based on the master plan, this study classified Wonju-si into five major regions and 19 areas by analyzing its night characteristics and deduced problems by analyzing quantitative light distribution of major points at the regions and areas through the measurement of illuminance and luminance and by surveying people's awareness. To develop eco-friendly night environment image of Wonju, Woju's identify was to be created by the planning for the 19 area and improvements for each type. Additionally, detailed items for maintenance were suggested by classifying them into illuminance, color temperature, luminance, lighting display, lighting time, light distribution type, and so forth.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2008

Recently, the outdoor lighting of architectural Facade has increased for the improvement of night-scape in urban and coastal resort. The purpose of this research is to analyze lighting characteristics; Luminance, Illuminance, Color Temperature, Chromaticity in Gyengpo Park of Eastern famous coastal resort. The result of this paper is as follows: 1) The Luminance ratio was measured that compare to the 1:10 criterion(IESNA) was in excess to the most building except "K". Because of these condition, Luminance environments was injurious to visual health the overuse of the outdoor lighting or glare to the eyes. 2) The level of vertical Illuminance value was insufficient 33.3% among the cases of survey with 4Lux standard of CIE. 3) The kinds of outdoor lighting of BLDG were increased lighting emitting diode(LED), metal halide(MH) instead of reduction trend of neon, fluorescent light, halogen. As the crisis of Energy resources we will be investigate adapt method of outdoor lighting, which design is based on economical efficiency by the use of optimum lighting.

• 한국조명전기설비학회지:조명전기설비
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.48-53
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• 1996

본 연구는 인천시에 소재한 초·중·고등학교의 야간 조명환경(교실, 과학실, 실험실)을 조사하기 위하여 개교된지 10년이내, 20년, 30년 경과 등으로 나누어 각 4개 학교 이상을 추출하여 조도를 측정, 분석하였다. 교실 평균조도는 235.5[lx](고등학교 ; 260[lx], 중학교; 208[lx], 초등학교 ; 203[lx]), 과학실과 실험실의 경우에는 233.7[lx](고등학교 ; 248.8[lx], 중학교; 216.4[lx], 초등학교 ; 207.8[lx])로서 양적인 면에서는 매우 향상되었으나, 균제도(평균값이 교실은 0.95, 과학실이나 실험실은 1.08)에 있어서는 권장값을 매우 초과하고 있으며, 조도구배에서도 최대조도와 최소조도의 비(교실;7.9, 과학실이나 실험실;6.8)가 크게 나타나며, 건축된지 오래된 학교일수록 크게 나타나 조도의 질적인 개선을 위한 많은 노력이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2011

This study aimed at suggesting improvement of lighting environment of the coffee house using study place. To this end, a series of field investigation was conducted in four possible target coffee houses around university. The field measurement included measurement of general illuminance and tabletop illuminance, observing illumination condition, and status of artificial lighting. Also, on-site questionnaire survey was administrated to 80 users of field measurement targets about using characteristics of coffee house and user's subjective response on light environment. The results are summarized as follows: (1) According to questionnaire survey, most of users checked 'learning (study and reading)' in 'purpose of coffee house using', and 'slightly dark' was checked most in each subjective response (brightness on general space and on tabletop at daytime/night); (2) as results of measurements on general illuminance and on tabletop illuminance during daytime, only one coffee house was suitable for standard; (3) as results of measurements on illuminance during night, all target coffee houses were not met the standard; (4) as results of uniformity ratios, almost uniformities of general illuminance were not met the standard except one case. The common problems of lighting environment of coffee house were analyzed as lack of daylight illumination e.g. having low amount of sunshine from skylight, un-uniformity of insolation by floor plan and absence of window blind, and un-uniformity of artificial luminous intensity e.g. lack of the number or brightness of artificial lighting, using the indirect lighting, using only local lighting, and non-uniform arrangement of artificial lighting.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to determine the suitable illuminance model of an urban neighborhood park. To this end, 1 dependent variable and 11 independent variables were set, and multiple regression analysis was applied to find correlation between variables and the model. The results of this study are as follows; 1) Among 11 independent variables abstracted to study suitable illuminance model of an urban neighborhood park, as a result of analysis on correlation between suitable illuminance of a dependent variable and activity space by using dummy variables, activity type and illuminance by spaces the suitable illuminance required for an urban neighborhood park was much influenced by activity type, and the fact that the activity was not limited to a specific space. 2) As a result of multiple regression analysis, independent variables influencing the suitable illuminance model of an urban neighborhood park were activity space, illuminance by spaces, seated activity, standing activity, and sporting activity. And, for relative contribution of independent variables to suitable illuminance, activity with sporting showed an importance 22 times higher than seated activity. When the central square(Sp_1) of activity spaces was set to reference category using dummy variables, it showed a contribution 52 times higher than sorting space(Sp_7) and the central square as the most important variable. 3) It was analyzed that suitable illuminance of an urban neighborhood part was most influenced by sporting activity but the relative contribution of a sporting space where activity with sporting occurs was least in view of the function of the space. Very high illuminance is required to accept high activity, and if illuminance at a certain space becomes too high, it may influence the illuminance of other spaces, and may consequently have a negative effect on the suitable illuminance of an urban neighborhood park. The results of this study were mainly for teenagers and young adults in their twenties, so further concrete studies which consider gender and a wider age range are needed in the future. Based on subsequent study, suitable illuminance by spaces shall be suggested.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

주택단지 옥외공간은 거주자들의 여가활동, 휴식공간, 야간활동 등에 사용된다. 이러한 경향에 의하여 주거단지의 옥외공간이 매우 중요한 공간으로 인식되고 있다. 그러나 옥외공간은 야간이용이 빈번함에 불구하고, 각 공간의 조명계획은 조명기구의 선택과 배치 그리고 조도계획이 부적합하다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구는 옥외공간의 빛의 본질을 파악하고, 옥외공간별 조명환경을 측정 시뮬레이션 분석하였다. 본 논문은 이 사례를 통하여 공간별 목적에 맞는 조도기준 및 조명계획의 방향, 합리적인 유지 방안을 제시하였다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2007

Streetscape plays on important role in urban cities. Characteristics of streets is basically defined by the building facade, signs, plants and paving during the daytime. However at night, street receives a new appearance due to the shop light from the buildings, exterior lightings, signboards and street light, and it creates most of the image of the streets. This study aims to analyze the luminous environment and its subjective image of two different pedestrian's commercial streets. Insa-dong street and Myungdong street were chosen for the study. Horizontal illuminance and luminance on building surface, advertisement billboards and pedestrian road were measured. Thirty students were asked to rate the five scaled questionnaire on their subjective images of the streets. Statistical analysis including profile, correlation and T-test are conducted and some findings are discussed