• Computers and Concrete
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.77-98
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• 2004

This paper presents a numerical model for simulating the nonlinear response of reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls subject to cyclic loadings. The material behavior of cracked concrete is described by an orthotropic constitutive relation with tension-stiffening and compression softening effects defining equivalent uniaxial stress-strain relation in the axes of orthotropy. Especially in making analytical predictions for inelastic behaviors of RC walls under reversed cyclic loading, some influencing factors inducing the material nonlinearities have been considered. A simple hysteretic stress-strain relation of concrete, which crosses the tension-compression region, is defined. Modification of the hysteretic stress-strain relation of steel is also introduced to reflect a pinching effect depending on the shear span ratio and to represent an average stress distribution in a cracked RC element, respectively. To assess the applicability of the constitutive model for RC element, analytical results are compared with idealized shear panel and shear wall test results under monotonic and cyclic shear loadings.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2003년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.179-186
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• 2003

This paper describes an extension of a numerical model, which was developed to simulate the nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) structures subject to monotonic in-plane shear. While maintaining all the basic assumptions adopted in defining the constitutive relations of concrete under monotonic loadings, a hysteretic stress-strain relation of concrete, which crosses the tension-compression region, is defined. In addition, curved unloading and reloading branches inferred from the stress-strain relation of steel considering the Bauschinger effect are used. Modifications of the stress-strain relation of concrete and steel are also introduced to reflect a pinching effect depending on the shear span ratio and to represent an average stress distribution in a cracked RC element, respectively.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.353-367
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• 2003

이 논문에서는 단조증가하중 하에서 철근콘크리트 전단벽의 수치해석을 위해 개발된 재료모델을 반복하중을 포함한 일반적인 하중 하에서의 구조 거동을 효과적으로 모사하기 위한 해석모델로 확장하여 제안하고 있다. 먼저 재료모델을 구성함에 있어 하중이력에 따라 인장과 압축이 교대로 작용하는 콘크리트는 기본적으로 회전균열모델을 따르는 직교이방성 재료로써 가정하였고, 직교하는 축에 대해 인장과 압축을 오가는 이력곡선을 중심으로 등가의 일축응력-변형률 관계를 정의하였다. 나아가 철근은 평균응력-변형률 개념을 통해 단조증가 상태의 응력-변형률 관계를 구성하였고, 역전된 반복하중으로 인해 발생하는 Bausc-hinger 효과를 고려하여 이력곡선을 정의하였으며, 전단 효과를 고려하기 위해 전단지간 비에 따라 기존에 제안된 이력곡선을 수정하였다. 특히 해석과정의 효율성을 도모하고 변형연화 거동특성 등 일반적인 하중-변위 평형경로를 갖는 철근콘크리트 구조물의 비선형 해석을 위해 arc-length 기법을 도입하였다. 또한 제안된 수치해석모델에 대한 효율성을 검증하기 위해 요소단위의 철근콘크리트 판넬 시험체와 대표적인 전단벽 시험체의 반복하중 이력에 따른 하중-변위 관계 등 전단에 의해 지배를 받는 구조체에 대한 해석 결과와의 비교가 이루어졌다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1569-1580
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• 2001

A new nonlinear near-wall turbulence model is developed to predict turbulent flow and heat transfer in strongly nonequilibrium flows. The k-$\varepsilon$-f$\sub$${\mu}$/, model of Park and Sung$\^$(1)/ is extended to a nonlinear formulation. The stress-strain relationship is the thrid-order in the mean velocity gradients. The strain dependent coefficients are obatined from the realizability constraints and the singular behavior at large strains. An improved explicit heat flux model is proposed with the aid of Cayley-Hamilton theorem. This new model includes the quadratic effects of flow deformations. The near-wall asymptotic behavior is incorporated by modifying the f$\sub$λ/ function. The model performance is shown to be satisfactory.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.689-695
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• 2017

The constitutive relation is an important factor in analysis of confined concrete in composite structures. In order to propose a constitutive model for nonlinear analysis of confined concrete, lateral restraint mechanism of confined concrete is firstly analyze to study the generalities. As the foundation of the constitutive model, peak stress and peak strain is the first step in research. According to the generalities and the Twin Shear Unified Strength Theory, a novel unified equation for peak stress and peak strain are established. It is well coincident with experimental results. Based on the general constitutive relations and the unified equation for peak stress and peak strain, we propose a unified and convenient constitutive model for confined concrete with fewer material parameters. Two examples involved with steel tube confined concrete and hoop-confined concrete are considered. The proposed constitutive model coincides well with the experimental results. This constitutive model can also be extended for nonlinear analysis to other types of confined concrete.

• Composites Research
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2004

Eshelby의 등가개재물범과 Mori-Tanaka의 평균장 이론을 이용하여 다공성 형상기억합금에 대한 새로운 3차원 응력-변형률 모델을 제안하였다. 12%의 기공도를 갖는 Ni-Ti 형상기억합금에 대한 압축실험으로부터 구한 응력-변형률 선도와 본 연구에서 제안한 모델링에 의한 응력-변형률 관계를 비교한 결과 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었다. 기존의 다른 연구에서는 대부분 상변태 구간이 선형적으로 예측되었지만 본 연구에서는 비선형으로 예측되어 실험결과를 보다 잘 모사할 수 있었다.

• Composites Research
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1999

비선형 하중/변위 거동을 나타내는 모재 지배 복합재료의 피로수명 예측을 이론과 실험에 의해 연구하였다. 재료의 비선형성을 고려하기 위해 초기 피로계수와 탄성계수의 관계를 나타내는 응력함수를 도입하였다. 피로계수와 참고계수 개념을 기반으로 하여 새로운 피로수명 예측식이 가한 하중 수위의 함수로 유도되었다. 예측 결과는 직교이방성 탄소섬유/에폭시 적층판을 사용한 원통형 시편의 비틀림 피로 실험과 비교되었으며, 제안된 식은 실험치와 잘 일치하였다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2008

In the present work, the two-back stress model is proposed and continuum damage mechanics (CDM) is incorporated into the plastic constitutive relation in order to describe the plastic deformation localization and the damage evolution in a deforming continuum body. Coupling between damage mechanics and isothermal rate independent plasticity is performed using the kinematic hardening rule, which in turn is formulated by combining the nonlinear Armstrong-Frederick rule and the Phillips rule. The numerical analyses are carried out within h deformation theory. It is noted that the damage evolution within a work piece accelerates the plastic deformation localization such that the material with lower hardening exponent results in a rapid shear band formation. Moreover, the results from the numerical analysis reflected closely with the micro-structures around the fractured regime. The effects of the various hardening parameters on deformation localization are also investigated. As the nonlinear strain rate description in the back stress evolution becomes dominant, the strain localization becomes intensified as well as the damage evolution.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회논문집
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• pp.174-181
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• 2000

A brief review of previous studies on the behaviour of concrete at extremely low temperature is presented in this paper. In addition, to describe temperature dependent behaviour of concrete, simple piecewise linear stress-strain relation is introduced. The proposed curve shows good agreement with experimental stress-strain curves at various temperature conditions. Moreover, numerical analyses for two PC beams are conducted to verify the influence of extremely low temperature to the structural behaviour.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.150-157
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• 2002

In textured material, diffraction angle $2{\theta}$ usually shows a nonlinear relation against $sin^2{\psi}$ due to elastic anisotropy of crystals. SPHD and SPCD steel is cold-rolled carbon steel for automobile. The characteristics X-ray for stress measurement is Cr $K_{\alpha}\;and\;Mo\;K_{\alpha}$ characteristic X-ray. The $2{\theta}-sin^2{\psi}$ diagram under elastic strain seems to have a linear behavior using regression line of data but has a nonlinear behavior in distribution of data by Cr $K_{\alpha}$ characteristic X-ray. As the plastic strain of specimen increases, the nonlinearity of $2{\theta}$ with respect to $sin^2{\psi}$ increases remarkably. On the other hand, the diffraction angle $2{\theta}$ by Mo $K_{\alpha}$ characteristic X-ray shows a good linearity on $2{\theta}-sin^2{\psi}$ diagram under plastic strain as well as elastic strain. Therefore, this paper presents the measurement of residual stress in cold-rolled carbon steel for automobile using penetration depth of Mo $K_{\alpha1}$ characteristic X-ray and multiplicity factor of crystal diffraction plane.