• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.220-224
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• 1999

Sliding wear test was employed to determine the effect of whisker content and orientation on the firiction and wear behavior of SiC whisker reinforced alumina. Composites containing unidirectionally oriented whiskers were prepared by a modified tape casting followed by lamination, binder removal and hot pressing in order to align the whiskers in the tape casting direction. Wear coefficients on three directions were measured; parallel and normal to the tape casting direction on the tape casting surface and normal to lamination direction on surfnce normal to the tape casting direction. In the effect of whisker orientation, the highest wear rate was obtained in the direction parallel tape casting direction and the lowest in the direction normal to lamination direction at all temperatures. Silicon oxide layer amoothing the surface was detected by energy dispersive X-ray analysis on the worn surface.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.247-254
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• 2007

This study was performed to identify the normal anatomic orientation of pulmonary arteries and to obtain the normal baseline parameters and the optimal contrast material delivery methods of computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) on normal beagle dogs. Based on the contrast injection flow rate, the contrast volume, and the administration methods, the experimental groups were divided into 4 groups such as group 1 : 2 ml/s, 3 ml/kg, and monophasic administration; group 2 : 5 ml/s, 3 ml/kg, and monophasic administration; group 3 : 5 ml/s, 4 ml/kg, and monophasic administration; group 4 : 5 ml/s and 2 ml/kg in first phase, 0.3 ml/s and 2 ml/kg in second phase, as biphasic administration. Normal anatomic orientation of pulmonary arteries in CTPA was evaluated through reformatted and 3D images after retro-reconstruction. Normal parameters for great arteries and peripheral pulmonary arteries were obtained on the factor of basement hounsfield unit (HU) values, contrast enhanced HU values, delay time, and peak time. And the optimal contrast delivery methods were evaluated on the factor of contrast enhanced HU values, image quality, and artifact. The monophasic administration with 5 ml/s contrast injection flow rate and 3 ml/kg contrast volume was optimal in canine CTPA.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.912-922
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• 2013

This study examined the differences in appearance orientation and appearance management behavior in groups (classified by the body mass index) as well as explored the differences in each of demographic variables. Data were collected from 513 respondents from the city of Daegu as well as Gyeongbuk province. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Duncan tests. The results showed that 14.3% of the respondents were underweight, 60.0% normal, and 25.7% overweight according to BMI. The appearance orientation of the respondents was revealed to be high. Skin care was the most popular appearance management behavior, followed by make-up, clothing selection, hair care and weight training. Due to appearance orientation by body type, the appearance orientation for the underweight was the highest followed by normal and overweight. There were significant differences in skin care, make-up, clothing selection, hair care among the three groups in appearance management behavior; however, no differences in weight training. Generally, appearance management behavior of the underweight was the highest, followed by the normal and the overweight. In addition, there were significant group differences in appearance orientation and appearance management behavior according to demographic variables. This study contributes basic information to the field of appearance management behavior research and beauty industry marketing strategy through a better understanding of the relationships of BMI, appearance orientation, and appearance management behavior.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.240-244
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• 2000

The three-dimensional orientation distribution function of a conical shaped tungsten liner prepared by the thermo-mechanical forming process was analyzed by 1.525$\AA$ neutrons to carry out the Rietveld refinement. The pole figure data of three reflections, (110)(220) and (211) were measured. The orientation distribution functions for the normal and radial directions were calculated by the WIMV method. The inverse pole figures of the normal and radial directions were obtained from their orientation distribution functions. The Rietveld refinement was performed with the RIETAN program that was slightly modified for the description of preferred orientation effect. We could successfully do the Rietveld refinement of the strongly textured tungsten liner by applying the pole density of each reflection obtained from the inverse pole figure to the calculated diffraction pattern. The correction method of preferred orientation effect based on the inverse pole figures showed a good improvement over the semi-empirical texture correction based on the direct usage of simple empirical functions.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.169-184
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• 2022

This study aims to discuss sustainable fashion trends and sustainable design directions that fashion companies are practicing with ESG in the post-corona new normal era. As a research method, this study examined sustainable fashion trends and ESG practices through empirical case studies focusing on each fashion brand's website, including previous research and literature research, using materials such as newspapers and magazines. As for ESG practice plans, they were divided into four categories: technology orientation, design orientation, consumption orientation, and social value pursuit orientation. The sustainable fashion trends were also divided into four categories. First, the trend exhibits cyclical sustainability using pro-environmental materials, such as pro-environmental fibers, recycled fibers, biodegradable fibers. Second, high sensitivity and rare value sustainability were shown using reuse and upcycling. Third, consumption-oriented trends were promoted through slow fashion. Fourth, in order to realize eco-friendly sustainable fashion and ESG as practical ways to pursue social values, there is a trend of integrating sustainability through changes in perception considering people, society, and the environment. Beyond spreading concern about value consumption trends and the environment, it presents a direction for future industries concerning core values with social roles, responsibility, and ethical awareness from various perspectives.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.103-119
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• 2020

This study aimed to derive theoretical and practical implications by analyzing the relationship between adversity quotient, entrepreneurial orientation, and customer orientation, which are the internal competency of start-up entrepreneurs affecting the performance of a small business CEO. As in previous domestic studies, we deviated from analyzing internal competency as a single-dimensional functional relationship to business performance, and attempted to explain the relationship between the internal competences of start-up entrepreneurs. Empirical analysis was conducted by setting the adversity quotient as an independent variable, the entrepreneurial orientation as a parameter, and the customer orientation as a dependent variable. As a result of the analysis, first, it was found that control and ownership, which are sub-elements of adversity quotient, have a positive effect on entrepreneurial orientation and customer orientation. Second, entrepreneurial orientation was found to have a positive effect on customer orientation. Third, it was found that only the ownership of the adversity quotient had a positive effect on customer orientation through the mediating effect of entrepreneurial orientation. In other words, it was found that the entrepreneur's ownership influences customer orientation through entrepreneurial orientation. On the other hand, endurance, sub-element of adversity quotient, was found to have no significant effect on entrepreneurial orientation and customer orientation. This means that in the rapidly changing New Normal era, endurance of entrepreneur can no longer have a large impact on entrepreneurial orientation and customer orientation. This study gives implications for the entrepreneur's competencies that must be developed first and the tendency to be developed together. Furthermore, it can be helpful in policy designing start-up support programs and guidelines for investors' investment standards.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.375-381
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• 2007

A novel method to register images onto 3D data, such as 3D point cloud, 3D vectors, and 3D surfaces, is proposed. The proposed method estimates the exterior orientation of a camera with respective to the 3D data though fitting pairs of the normal vectors of two planes passing a focal point and 2D and 3D lines extracted from an image and the 3D data, respectively. The fitting condition is that the angle between each pair of the normal vectors has to be zero. This condition can be represented as a numerical formula using the inner product of the normal vectors. This paper demonstrates the proposed method can estimate the exterior orientation for the image registration as simulation tests.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.236-239
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• 2000

Both the X-ray diffraction data of the normal direction in the sample orientation and the pole figure data of three reflections, (111), (200) and (220), were used to do the Rietveld refinement for the copper sheet prepared by a cold rolling process. The agreement between calculated and observed patterns was not satisfactory, which was attributed to the preferred orientation effect of the copper sheet. The Rietveld refinement for the copper sheet could be done successfully by applying the pole density of each reflection obtained from the corresponding inverse pole figure to the X-ray diffraction data of the normal direction. The R-weighted pattern, $R_{wp}$ was 12.99% and the goodness-of-fit indicator, S, was 3.68.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

The effect of buoyancy orientation on turbulent channel flow has been investigated using DNS (direct numerical simulation). Grashof number is kept at 9.6 $\times 10^{5}$ while changing the orientation of the buoyancy vector to be parallel or perpendicular to the channel walls. Four study cases can be distinguished during this research namely; streamwise, wall-normal unstable stratification, wall-normal stable stratification and spanwise oriented buoyancy. The driving mean pressure gradient used in all cases is adjusted to keep mass flow rate constant while friction Reynolds number is around 150. At this Grashof number, the skin friction shows decrement in the unstable and stable stratification and increment in the other two cases. Analyses of the changes of flow structure for the four cases are presented highlighting on the mean quantities and second order statistics.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.716-722
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• 2003

ZnO thin films were deposited on Al and Pt electrodes by an RF reactive sputtering system for the fabrication of FBAR (film bulk acoustic wave resonator), and the effect of thermal treatment temperature on their c-axis preferred orientation was investigated. SEM experiments show that columnar structure of ZnO thin films were grown with c-axis normal to electrode material, and XRD experiments show that both ZnO films were grown with (002) plane preferred orientation, but larger diffraction peak was observed with Pt electrode. The peak intensity increased with higher thermal treatment temperature, but c-axis preferred orientation was diminished. The surface roughness of Al thin film was higher than that of Pt, and these affect the surface roughness of ZnO film deposited on the electrode. Though the preferred orientation with respect to Pt(111) plane was improved with higher thermal treatment temperature, this could not improve the c-axis orientation of ZnO film.