• Title/Summary/Keyword: OGTT

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Insulin secretory activity and mechanism of compound K

  • Choi, Yun-Suk;Han, Gi-Cheol;Sung, Jong-Hwan;Chung, Sung-Hyun
    • Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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    • 2006.05a
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    • pp.69-70
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    • 2006
  • Purpose: Panaxadiols are more potent than panaxatriols as far as insulin secretory activity is concerned. In this study, we examined insulin secretory activity and mechanism of compound K (CK), a major intestinal bacterial metabolite of ginsenosides. Method: Insulin secretory activity of CK was examined using pancreatic beta cells and in Oral Glucose Tolerance Test assay. In addition, insulin secretory mechanism was studied in terms of calcium dependent or independent pathways. Results: In vitro, CK enhanced the insulin secretion concentration-dependently when compared to glucose-stimulated control cells. Insulin secretory mechanism of CK seems to block ATP sensitive K channels, which was confirmed by diazoxide (K channel opener) but, insulin resistance ameliorating activity of CK can't be ruled out. In vivo, CK showed hypoglycemic effect in OGTT.

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Hypoglycemic Effects of Fruits and Vegetables in Hyperglycemic Rats for Prevention of Type-2 Diabetes (고혈압쥐의 과일과 야채의 섭취에 따른 저혈당 효과)

  • Survay, Nazneen Shaik;Ko, Eun-Young;Upadhyay, Chandrama Prakash;Jang, Mi;Park, Se-Won;Lee, Dong-Ha;Jung, Yi-Sook;Yoon, Do-Young;Hong, Sae-Jin
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.850-856
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    • 2010
  • An in vivo oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed on hyperglycemic male Sprague-Dawley rats to assess the effect of fruits and vegetables ($1g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ body weight) on blood glucose levels (${\Delta}BGLs$) at different time intervals of 0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. The areas under glucose curve (${\Delta}AUCs$) were calculated at 120 min of OGTT by trapezoid method. Total phenolic content (TPC) and anti-oxidant activity (AOA) of fruits and vegetables were assayed in vitro by Folin Ciocalteu and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) methods, respectively. At the end of the experiment the correlations among the parameters TPC, AOA and ${\Delta}AUC$ was estimated by Pearson's correlations. Among fruit crops, tangerine, plum, grape and pear and among vegetables, blue leaf mustard, cabbage, chicory, broccoli and others exhibited significant hypoglycemic effects by reducing ${\Delta}BGLs$ with significant ${\Delta}AUC$. The effective ${\Delta}AUC$ ranged from $5548.2{\pm}462.1$ to $3823.3{\pm}282.0mg-min{\cdot}dL^{-1}$. The TPC and AOA ranged from $0.063{\pm}0.00$ to $0.913{\pm}0.14mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ GAE and $01.05{\pm}0.08$ to $75.46{\pm}0.06%$, respectively. Overall, six fruits and fifteen vegetables exhibited higher TPC and one fruit and four vegetables exhibited higher AOA. There was a better correlation among TPC, AOA and ${\Delta}AUC$ of fruits and TPC & AOA of vegetables. We report that hypoglycemically significant fruits and vegetables investigated in this study have pharmacological importance which reduced ${\Delta}BGLs$ through insulin like activity and AOA in prevention of type-2 diabetes.

Antidiabetic Effect of Korean Red Ginseng by Puffing Process in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats (Streptozotocin 유발 당뇨쥐에서 팽화가공 처리한 홍삼의 항당뇨 효과)

  • Kim, Shin-Hee;Kang, Ju-Seop;Lee, Sang-Jun;Chung, Young-Jin
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.37 no.6
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    • pp.701-707
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    • 2008
  • Antidiabetic effect of Korean red ginseng (RG) processed by puffing in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic (DM) rats was investigated. Five week-old SD rats were divided into four groups; normal control (NC) group, DM group, red ginseng (RG) group and puffed red ginseng (PG) group. The RG and PG groups were orally provided with RG or PG dissolved in water (500 mg/kg) respectively for seven weeks after single injection of STZ (50 mg/kg, i.v.) followed by identification of DM. NC group received saline vehicle instead of STZ. At the end of feeding of RG or PG, the changes of fasting blood glucose, serum insulin and amylase level and serum lipid profiles were evaluated. Also, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), comet assay and histopathological examination were performed. At 7th week, the fasting blood glucose levels of the RG and PG groups were reduced compared to the DM group by 11.54% and 20.22%, respectively. The result of OGTT did not show significant differences among DM and two red ginseng groups. While serum insulin and TG levels were predominantly improved in PG group (p<0.05), serum amylase level was increased in RG group. Alkaline comet assay for checking the oxidative damage of DNA showed that TL (tail length, ${\mu}m$) and TM (tail moment) in the blood lymphocyte of PG group significantly decreased in contrast with DM group. Histopathological results of pancreas showed that destruction of exocrine as well as endocrine might be cured by the administration of RG and PG. These results suggest that PG could exert more protection against STZ-induced toxicity than RG group.

Anti-diabetic Effects of Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus Shells on Non-obese Type 2 Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats (말똥성게(Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus) 껍질 추출물의 Goto-Kakizaki 흰쥐에 대한 항당뇨 효과)

  • Kim, Kil-Soo;Kim, Dae-Ik;Lim, Ae-Kyoung;Yoon, Sung-Ran;Kim, Jung-Ok;Lee, Gee-Dong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.40 no.11
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    • pp.1537-1543
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    • 2011
  • We investigated the anti-diabetic effects of Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus (sea urchin, SU) shells on non-obese type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. We measured body weight, blood glucose, and plasma insulin levels and conducted an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The SU shells (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly reduced the blood glucose of GK rats from 203.8${\pm}$29.8 mg/dL to 138.5${\pm}$21.2 mg/dL at after 4 weeks of daily oral administration. However, plasma insulin levels at the same time were not changed by treatment with SU. During the OGTT, the SU-treated GK rats maintained a lower blood glucose level than the control group for 15 to 120 min. Based on these results, SU shells are considered to be effective in improving glucose tolerance. These results suggest that SU shells have unique properties to lower blood glucose, raise insulin sensitivity, and improve insulin resistance in GK rats.

Coconut-derived D-xylose affects postprandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy individuals

  • Yun, Jung-Bae;Bak, Youn-Kyung;Kim, Bum-Sik;Kim, Min-Sun;Lee, Jin-Hee;Sung, Mi-Kyung
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • v.5 no.6
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    • pp.533-539
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    • 2011
  • Metabolic alterations including postprandial hyperglycemia have been implicated in the development of obesity-related diseases. Xylose is a sucrase inhibitor suggested to suppress the postprandial glucose surge. The objectives of this study were to assess the inhibitory effects of two different concentrations of xylose on postprandial glucose and insulin responses and to evaluate its efficacy in the presence of other macronutrients. Randomized double-blind cross-over studies were conducted to examine the effect of D-xylose on postprandial glucose and insulin response following the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In study 1, the overnight-fasted study subjects (n = 49) consumed a test sucrose solution (50 g sucrose in 130 ml water) containing 0, 5, or 7.5 g D-xylose powder. In study 2, the overnight-fasted study subjects (n = 50) consumed a test meal (50 g sucrose in a 60 g muffin and 200 ml sucrose-containing solution). The control meal provided 64.5 g of carbohydrates, 4.5 g of fat, and 10 g of protein. The xylose meal was identical to the control meal except 5 g of xylose was added to the muffin mix. In study 1, the 5 g xylose-containing solutions exhibited significantly lower area under the glucose curve (AUCg) and area under the insulin curve (AUCi) values for 0-15 min (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001), 0-30 min (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001), 0-45 min (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001), 0-60 min (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001), 0-90 min (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001) and 0-120 min (P = 0.0071, P = 0.0016). In study 2, the test meal exhibited significantly lower AUCg and AUCi values for 0-15 min (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001), 0-30 min (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001), 0-45 min (P < 0.0001, P = 0.0005), 0-60 min (P = 0.0002, P = 0.0025), and 0-90 min (P = 0.0396, P = 0.0246). In conclusion, xylose showed an acute suppressive effect on the postprandial glucose and insulin surges.

The Effects of Body Mass Index on Baseline Hormonal Status and Glucose Metabolism in Women with Chronic Anovulation (비만 지표 (Body Mass Index)가 만성 무배란 여성의 혈중 기저 호르몬치와 포도당 대사에 미치는 영향)

  • Rhee, Jeong-Ho;Jeong, Eun-Jeong;Kim, Jong-In
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.67-76
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    • 2002
  • Objective: To assess the difference of baseline hormonal status and pathophysio logy, and confirm the risk factors for long term complication according to Body Mass Index in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Materials and Methods: Serum level of LH, FSH, Estradiol, Prolactin, Testosterone, DHEA-S, fasting insulin were measured and 100 gm oral glucose tolerance test and endometrial biopsy were performed in total 75 chronic anovulation patients and 20 normal cycling infertility patients. 95 evaluated patients were divided into 3 groups including patients with chronic anovulation having BMI below 25, BMI beyond 25.1, normal cycling infertility patients, Group 1 (n=39), Group 2 (n=36), Group 3 (n=20), respectively. Statistical analysis was performed respect to relationship between BMI and measured hormone level, sum of glucose level during 100 gm OGTT, insulin resistance using t-test, ANOVA test, Post Hoc test, Mann-Whitney test. p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Serum LH level and LH/FSH ratio was significantly higher in Group 1, compared than Group 2 or 3 (p<0.05), BMI and LH, LH/FSH ratio was negatively correlated (r=-0.351, r=-0.318). There was no significant difference according to BMI in FSH, testosterone, estradiol, prolactin, DHEA-S level. Fasting insulin and sum of glucose level during 100 gm OGTT were significantly higher in Group 2 compared than Group 1 or Group 3 (p<0.05), there was no significant difference between Group 1 and Group 3. Insulin resistance was more frequently identified in Group 2 compared than Group 1 (p=0.001). Conclusions: BMI and LH, LH/FSH ratio were negatively correlated, so clinical significance of LH, LH/FSH ratio in diagnosis of PCOS may be attenuated by increasing body weight. Overweight patients with chronic anovulation may be the risk group for developing insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, later type 2 DM. Hyperinsulinemia may operate mainly in overweight chronic anovulation patients in development of hyperandrogenism.

Effects of Allium Hookeri Extracts on Glucose Metabolism in Type II Diabetic Mice (당뇨병 마우스(db/db) 모델에서 삼채(Allium Hookeri) 부위별 추출물의 항당뇨 효능 연구)

  • Kim, Nam-Seok;Choi, Bong-Kyoum;Lee, Seon-Hye;Jang, Hwan-Hee;Kim, Jung-Bong;Kim, Haeng-Ran;Choe, Jeong-Sook;Cho, Yong-Sik;Kim, You-Suk;Yang, Jae-Heon;Kim, Young-Soo;Kim, Hyun-Ju;Kim, Dae-Keun;Lee, Chang-Hyun;Lee, Sung-Hyen
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.47 no.2
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    • pp.158-164
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    • 2016
  • This study was conducted to verify the potential of Allium hookeri to control blood glucose metabolism in diabetes model. We fed the experimental diets(ALE, ARE) supplemented with the extract of Allium hookeri leaf or root at 1% of diet to the diabetic mice (C57BLKS/J, db/db) for 8 weeks. Hetero and control mice were fed the control diet without any extract of Allium hookeri leaf or root. At 8th week of feeding the diets, we measured body weight, blood glucose, HbA1c, and plasma insulin levels and conducted an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and staining insulin immunoreactive cells in islets of pancreas. ARE group treated with the root of A. hookeri showed significantly lower blood glucose levels than the Cont group at 120 min in the OGTT. However, HbA1c level was significantly reduced in both ALE and ARE groups, and higher serum insulin levels and increased density of insulin immunoreactive cells compared with the Cont group were found in these 2 groups. Based on these results, A. hookeri is considered to be effective in improving glucose tolerance by partially affecting insulin secretion and it may be used to prevent and treat diabetic disease.

Effects of Allium Hookeri on Glucose Metabolism in Type II Diabetic Mice (삼채(Allium Hookeri)의 급여가 당뇨마우스의 당질 대사에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Nam-Seok;Choi, Bong-Kyoum;Lee, Seon-Hye;Jang, Hwan-Hee;Kim, Jung-Bong;Kim, Haeng-Ran;Kim, Dae Keun;Kim, You-Suk;Yang, Jae-Heon;Kim, Hyun-Ju;Lee, Sung-Hyen
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.46 no.1
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    • pp.78-83
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    • 2015
  • This study was conducted to verify the potential of Allium hookeri to control glucose metabolism in a diabetes model. We fed the experimental diets (AL, AR, Dex) supplemented with the powder of leaf, root, or dextrin as a positive control, respectively at 3% of diet to the diabetic mice (C57BLKS/J, db/db) for 8 weeks. Control mice were fed with the diet supplemented with cornstarch (Cont) at 3% level of diet. At 8th week of feeding the diets, we measured body weight, blood glucose, HbA1c, and plasma insulin levels and conducted an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and staining insulin immunoreactive cells in islets of pancreas. AL group treated with the leaf of A. hookeri showed significantly lower blood glucose and HbA1c levels, higher plasma insulin levels, and increased density of insulin immunoreactive cells compared with the Cont group. During the OGTT, AL group showed lower blood glucose levels than the Cont group for 120 min. Based on these results, leaf of A. hookeri is considered to be effective in improving glucose tolerance by partially affecting insulin secretion and it may be used to prevent and treat diabetic disease.

Evaluation of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Risk Factors Using Abdominal Subcutaneous Fat Thickness for Early Pregnancy in the US Imaging (초음파영상에서의 임신초기 복부피하지방두께를 이용한 임신성당뇨 위험인자 평가)

  • Kim, Changsoo;Yang, Sung-Hee;Kim, Jung-Hoon
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
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    • v.40 no.1
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    • pp.35-40
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness(ASFT) and maternal gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) measured by ultrasound at period of pregnancy. We compared maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, and weight gain during pregnancy in 286 pregnant women who were diagnosed with early pregnancy ASFT and high GDM screening test(50 g OGTT) of more than 140 mg/dL. ROC curve analysis was used to determine the cut-off value of ASFT for GDM prediction. Maternal age and weight gain during pregnancy were not related to GDM in the mid-trimester and pre-pregnancy body mass index and earely pregnancy ASFT were significantly different between normal and GDM high risk groups. The cut-off value of ASFT for GDM prediction was 2.23 cm(AUC 0.913. Sensitivity 76.19%, Specificity 93.72%). ASFT measured by ultrasound in early pregnancy was useful as an important index for predicting mid-trimester GDM prediction. Therefore, ASFT can be used as an auxiliary diagnostic index for early recognition of GDM.

Effects in Metabolism and Adipocyte Inflammation Induced by the Complex Herbal Medicine composed of Cornus officinalis, Dioscorea rhizoma, Aurantii fructus, Mori folium in Obese Type 2 Diabetes Mouse Model (산수유 산약 지각 상엽으로 구성된 복합처방투여가 고지방, 고탄수화물 식이로 유발된 비만형 당뇨병 동물모델의 대사인자 및 지방세포 염증반응 조절에 미치는 영향)

  • Han, Su-Ryun;Paik, Sun-Ho;Kwon, Oh-Jun;Ahn, Young-Min;Lee, Byung-Cheol;Ahn, Se-Young
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.184-199
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    • 2012
  • Objectives: There is a steady increase in the prevalence of obesity worldwide and obesity is often accompanied by inflammation. Although much emphasis has been placed on the adipose tissue inflammation in obesity, a study with herbal medicine is few. This study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effect of a complex herbal medicine (CHM) composed of Cornus officinalis, Dioscorea rhizoma, Aurantii fructus, and Mori Foliumon on obese type 2 diabetes mice. Methods: Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity were induced by Surwit's high fat, high sucrose diet for 8 weeks. Mice were divided into ND (normal diet, n=10), HFD (high fat and high sucrose diet, n=10), CHM (high fat and high sucrose diet with complex herbal medicine, n=10) and Met (high fat and high sucrose diet with metformin, n=10) groups. The body weight, fructosamine and OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test) were measured. After 8 weeks the blood samples of all mice were taken from the heart, and lipid profiles were measured. Epididymal fat pad, histological size of the adipocyte tissue and liver weights were measured. Inflammatory markers such as leptin and adipocyte tissue macrophage were measured to evaluate the effect of CHM on adipocyte tissue inflammation. Results: Compared with the HFD group, there was an improvement in OGTT and epididymal fat decreased in the CHM group. White adipocyte size and adipocyte tissue macrophage decreased in CHM group. Conclusions: These results suggest that CHM has antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects in high fat, high sucrose diet induced obese mice.