• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.69-70
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• 2006

Purpose: Panaxadiols are more potent than panaxatriols as far as insulin secretory activity is concerned. In this study, we examined insulin secretory activity and mechanism of compound K (CK), a major intestinal bacterial metabolite of ginsenosides. Method: Insulin secretory activity of CK was examined using pancreatic beta cells and in Oral Glucose Tolerance Test assay. In addition, insulin secretory mechanism was studied in terms of calcium dependent or independent pathways. Results: In vitro, CK enhanced the insulin secretion concentration-dependently when compared to glucose-stimulated control cells. Insulin secretory mechanism of CK seems to block ATP sensitive K channels, which was confirmed by diazoxide (K channel opener) but, insulin resistance ameliorating activity of CK can't be ruled out. In vivo, CK showed hypoglycemic effect in OGTT.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.850-856
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• 2010

고혈당 쥐에(Sprague-Dawley rat) 각종 야채와 과일을 섭취(1g/kg body weight) 한 후 oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)을 실시하였다. 0분, 5분, 15분, 30분, 60분, 90분, 120분 후에 blood glucose levels(${\Delta}BGLs$)을 측정하였다. Under glucose curve(${\Delta}AUCs$)은 OGGT의 120분 후 계산하였으며 과일과 야채의 Total phenolic content(TPC)과 anti-oxidant activity (AOA)는 Folin Ciocalteu and DPPH(2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl)을 통하여 특정하였다. 실험의 마지막은 Pearson's correlations을 사용하여 TPC, AOA and ${\Delta}AUC$ 간의 상관관계를 분석하였으며 모든 통계수치는 unpaired Student's t-test를 실시하였다. 과일중에서는 탠저린, 자두, 배가 저혈당 효과를 보였으며 야채중에서는 푸른잎 머스타드와 양배투, 치커리, 브로콜리가 감소된 ${\Delta}BGLs$와 유효한 ${\Delta}AUC$수치를 보여서 저혈당 효과에 효과적이었다. 효과적인 ${\Delta}AUC$의 범위는 $5548.2{\pm}462.1$에서부터 $3823.3{\pm}282.0mg{\cdot}min/dL$이며, TPC와 AOA의 범위는 $0.063{\pm}0.00$에서부터 $0.913{\pm}0.14mg/g$ GAE, $01.05{\pm}0.08$에서부터 $75.46{\pm}0.06%$이다. 전체적으로 과일의 50%와 양체의 60-65%가 높은 TPC와 효과적인 AOA의 수치를 나타내었다. 우리는 이번 연구를 통하여 저혈당 효과가 있어 제2형 당뇨를 예방할 수 있는 과일과 채소류를 선별할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.701-707
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• 2008

본 실험에서는 STZ로 당뇨를 유발시킨 흰쥐에 홍삼과 팽화홍삼의 항당뇨 효능에 대한 생리활성을 규명하고자 홍삼을 7주간 경구투여 후 체중, 혈당, 혈청 인슐린 및 아밀라아제, 지질관련 지수, OGTT, DNA의 산화적 손상정도 분석 및 췌장의 조직병리학적 변화를 관찰하였다. 체중증가는 실험 7주 후에 DM군과 비교 시 RG군에서 6.67배, PG군에서 5.25배 증가하였으나 DM군과 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 공복혈당은 DM군에 비해 RG군에서 11.54%, PG군에서 20.22%의 감소를 보였다. 구강내당능 검사결과 공복혈당, 포도당 투여 2시간 후 혈당은 DM군과 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 혈청 인슐린 농도는 PG군에서 가장 높게 나타났고, 혈청 아밀라아제 농도의 경우 RG군에서 높았으나 NC군보다는 낮게 나타났다. 혈청 총 콜레스테롤은 NC군을 제외한 모든 실험군 간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나 혈청 중성지방의 경우 PG군에서 현저한 감소를 보였다(p<0.05). HDL-C는 NC군에 비해 당뇨유발군 모두에서 높게 나타났다. DNA 손상정도를 알아보기 위한 comet 분석에서는 PG군의 TL 및 TM은 NC군에서와 유사한 수준을 보였다. 췌장조직의 병리학적 관찰결과, 당뇨유발군 중 DM군의 췌장조직의 exocrine acinal cell 및 췌도세포에서는 focal 또는 multifocal cytoplasmic vacuolation과 췌장실질의 괴사 및 출혈성 병변이 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과로서 팽화홍삼의 투여가 홍삼에 비해 항당뇨 효과가 더 큰 경향을 보였으나 보다 확실한 결과를 위해 8주 이상의 홍삼 장기투여에 의한 항당뇨 효과 확인이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권11호
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• pp.1537-1543
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• 2011

본 연구는 제2형 당뇨동물모델인 Goto-Kakizaki(GK)랫드에 대한 성게껍질의 항당뇨 효과를 조사하였다. 즉 Wistar 랫드로 구성된 정상군, GK랫드 대조군, GK랫드에 성게껍질을 각각 100 mg/kg 및 200 mg/kg 투여군으로 나누고 매일 1회씩 4주간 경구투여 하여 체중, 혈당, 혈장 인슐린 농도 및 경구당부하 검사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 성게껍질을 투여한 GK랫드의 혈당은 203.8${\pm}$29.8 mg/dL에서 138.5${\pm}$21.2 mg/dL로 유의적으로 감소하였다. 그러나 성게껍질투여에 따른 GK랫드의 혈장 내 인슐린 농도의 변화는 없었다. 경구당부하 검사에서 성게껍질을 투여한 GK랫드는 15~120분에서 대조군보다 더 낮은 혈당으로 나타났다. 또한 췌장의 조직학적 변화는 성게껍질을 투여한 랫드에서 전체적인 췌도세포의 크기나 공포성 변화 및 선방세포의 배열 및 크기가 대조군에 비하여 정상군에 근접한 형태로 나타났다. 따라서 성게껍질은 당뇨모델인 GK 랫드의 혈당을 저하시키고 내당능이나 인슐린저항성을 개선하므로 향후 이를 활용하여 항당뇨 식품 및 원료개발에 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.533-539
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• 2011

Metabolic alterations including postprandial hyperglycemia have been implicated in the development of obesity-related diseases. Xylose is a sucrase inhibitor suggested to suppress the postprandial glucose surge. The objectives of this study were to assess the inhibitory effects of two different concentrations of xylose on postprandial glucose and insulin responses and to evaluate its efficacy in the presence of other macronutrients. Randomized double-blind cross-over studies were conducted to examine the effect of D-xylose on postprandial glucose and insulin response following the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In study 1, the overnight-fasted study subjects (n = 49) consumed a test sucrose solution (50 g sucrose in 130 ml water) containing 0, 5, or 7.5 g D-xylose powder. In study 2, the overnight-fasted study subjects (n = 50) consumed a test meal (50 g sucrose in a 60 g muffin and 200 ml sucrose-containing solution). The control meal provided 64.5 g of carbohydrates, 4.5 g of fat, and 10 g of protein. The xylose meal was identical to the control meal except 5 g of xylose was added to the muffin mix. In study 1, the 5 g xylose-containing solutions exhibited significantly lower area under the glucose curve (AUCg) and area under the insulin curve (AUCi) values for 0-15 min (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001), 0-30 min (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001), 0-45 min (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001), 0-60 min (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001), 0-90 min (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001) and 0-120 min (P = 0.0071, P = 0.0016). In study 2, the test meal exhibited significantly lower AUCg and AUCi values for 0-15 min (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001), 0-30 min (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001), 0-45 min (P < 0.0001, P = 0.0005), 0-60 min (P = 0.0002, P = 0.0025), and 0-90 min (P = 0.0396, P = 0.0246). In conclusion, xylose showed an acute suppressive effect on the postprandial glucose and insulin surges.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2002

Objective: To assess the difference of baseline hormonal status and pathophysio logy, and confirm the risk factors for long term complication according to Body Mass Index in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Materials and Methods: Serum level of LH, FSH, Estradiol, Prolactin, Testosterone, DHEA-S, fasting insulin were measured and 100 gm oral glucose tolerance test and endometrial biopsy were performed in total 75 chronic anovulation patients and 20 normal cycling infertility patients. 95 evaluated patients were divided into 3 groups including patients with chronic anovulation having BMI below 25, BMI beyond 25.1, normal cycling infertility patients, Group 1 (n=39), Group 2 (n=36), Group 3 (n=20), respectively. Statistical analysis was performed respect to relationship between BMI and measured hormone level, sum of glucose level during 100 gm OGTT, insulin resistance using t-test, ANOVA test, Post Hoc test, Mann-Whitney test. p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Serum LH level and LH/FSH ratio was significantly higher in Group 1, compared than Group 2 or 3 (p<0.05), BMI and LH, LH/FSH ratio was negatively correlated (r=-0.351, r=-0.318). There was no significant difference according to BMI in FSH, testosterone, estradiol, prolactin, DHEA-S level. Fasting insulin and sum of glucose level during 100 gm OGTT were significantly higher in Group 2 compared than Group 1 or Group 3 (p<0.05), there was no significant difference between Group 1 and Group 3. Insulin resistance was more frequently identified in Group 2 compared than Group 1 (p=0.001). Conclusions: BMI and LH, LH/FSH ratio were negatively correlated, so clinical significance of LH, LH/FSH ratio in diagnosis of PCOS may be attenuated by increasing body weight. Overweight patients with chronic anovulation may be the risk group for developing insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, later type 2 DM. Hyperinsulinemia may operate mainly in overweight chronic anovulation patients in development of hyperandrogenism.

• 생약학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.158-164
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• 2016

This study was conducted to verify the potential of Allium hookeri to control blood glucose metabolism in diabetes model. We fed the experimental diets(ALE, ARE) supplemented with the extract of Allium hookeri leaf or root at 1% of diet to the diabetic mice (C57BLKS/J, db/db) for 8 weeks. Hetero and control mice were fed the control diet without any extract of Allium hookeri leaf or root. At 8th week of feeding the diets, we measured body weight, blood glucose, HbA1c, and plasma insulin levels and conducted an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and staining insulin immunoreactive cells in islets of pancreas. ARE group treated with the root of A. hookeri showed significantly lower blood glucose levels than the Cont group at 120 min in the OGTT. However, HbA1c level was significantly reduced in both ALE and ARE groups, and higher serum insulin levels and increased density of insulin immunoreactive cells compared with the Cont group were found in these 2 groups. Based on these results, A. hookeri is considered to be effective in improving glucose tolerance by partially affecting insulin secretion and it may be used to prevent and treat diabetic disease.

• 생약학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2015

This study was conducted to verify the potential of Allium hookeri to control glucose metabolism in a diabetes model. We fed the experimental diets (AL, AR, Dex) supplemented with the powder of leaf, root, or dextrin as a positive control, respectively at 3% of diet to the diabetic mice (C57BLKS/J, db/db) for 8 weeks. Control mice were fed with the diet supplemented with cornstarch (Cont) at 3% level of diet. At 8th week of feeding the diets, we measured body weight, blood glucose, HbA1c, and plasma insulin levels and conducted an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and staining insulin immunoreactive cells in islets of pancreas. AL group treated with the leaf of A. hookeri showed significantly lower blood glucose and HbA1c levels, higher plasma insulin levels, and increased density of insulin immunoreactive cells compared with the Cont group. During the OGTT, AL group showed lower blood glucose levels than the Cont group for 120 min. Based on these results, leaf of A. hookeri is considered to be effective in improving glucose tolerance by partially affecting insulin secretion and it may be used to prevent and treat diabetic disease.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2017

본 연구는 임신초기 초음파에 의해 측정된 임산부의 복부 피하지방두께(Abdominal Subcutaneous Fat Thickness; ASFT)와 임신중기 발현되는 임신성당뇨(Gestational Diabetes Mellitus; GDM)와의 연관성을 확인하고 GDM 예측을 위한 ASFT의 기준을 알아보고자 하였다. 286명의 임산부를 대상으로 임신초기 ASFT를 측정한 후 임신중기 GDM 선별검사(50 g OGTT) 140 mg/dL 이상을 고위험군으로 산정하고 산모연령, 임신 전 체질량지수, 임신 중 체중증가량과 함께 비교 분석하였다. ROC 곡선분석을 이용하여 GDM 예측을 위한 ASFT의 cut-off value를 결정하였다. 산모연령, 임신 중 체중증가량은 임신중기 GDM과 관련성이 없었으며, 임신 전 체질량지수와 임신초기 ASFT는 정상군과 GDM 고위험군에서 의미있는 차이를 보였다. GDM 예측을 위한 ASFT의 cut-off value는 2.23 cm(AUC 0.913, Sensitivity 76.19%, Specificity 93.72%)로 결정하였다. 임신초기 초음파로 측정된 ASFT는 임신중기 GDM 예측을 위한 중요한 지표로 유용하게 평가되었다. 따라서 ASFT는 GDM을 조기에 인식하는데 있어서 보조적인 진단지표로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.184-199
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• 2012

Objectives: There is a steady increase in the prevalence of obesity worldwide and obesity is often accompanied by inflammation. Although much emphasis has been placed on the adipose tissue inflammation in obesity, a study with herbal medicine is few. This study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effect of a complex herbal medicine (CHM) composed of Cornus officinalis, Dioscorea rhizoma, Aurantii fructus, and Mori Foliumon on obese type 2 diabetes mice. Methods: Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity were induced by Surwit's high fat, high sucrose diet for 8 weeks. Mice were divided into ND (normal diet, n=10), HFD (high fat and high sucrose diet, n=10), CHM (high fat and high sucrose diet with complex herbal medicine, n=10) and Met (high fat and high sucrose diet with metformin, n=10) groups. The body weight, fructosamine and OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test) were measured. After 8 weeks the blood samples of all mice were taken from the heart, and lipid profiles were measured. Epididymal fat pad, histological size of the adipocyte tissue and liver weights were measured. Inflammatory markers such as leptin and adipocyte tissue macrophage were measured to evaluate the effect of CHM on adipocyte tissue inflammation. Results: Compared with the HFD group, there was an improvement in OGTT and epididymal fat decreased in the CHM group. White adipocyte size and adipocyte tissue macrophage decreased in CHM group. Conclusions: These results suggest that CHM has antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects in high fat, high sucrose diet induced obese mice.