• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.95-98
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• 1997

The Gaussian diffraction pattern initially assumed in the diffraction inverse problem is further sharply defined by multiplying $e^{-q{\omega}_0$\mid${\chi}$\mid$}$. The modified pupil function is obtained and the diffraction intensity distribution for the finite aperture ($-{\omega}_0~{\times}{\omega}_0$ is obtained, and then the OTF is derived analytically. It is found the OTF is equal to or less than the $(OTF)_{q=0}$, namely the modulation is not useful. It is shown that the narrowing down the initial Gaussian diffraction pattern does not give the anticipated improvement in OTF and the reason is clarified.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.596-602
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• 2008

Ovotransferrin (OTf) was phosphorylated by dry-heating in the presence of pyrophosphate at pH 4.0 and $85^{\circ}C$ for 1 and 5 d, and the functional properties of phosphorylated OTf (PP-OTf) were investigated. The phosphorus content of OTf increased to 0.91% as a result of phosphorylation and the electrophoretic mobility of PP-OTf also increased. Although the solubility of dry-heated OTf slightly decreased, the decrease was reduced by phosphorylation. The stability against heat-induced insolubilization of OTf was somewhat improved by phosphorylation, but more than 70% of PP-OTf was insolubilized when it was heated at $70^{\circ}C$ for 10 min at pH 7.0. However, heat-induced insolubilization of PP-OTf was reduced when it was heated in the presence of phosphorylated ovalbumin. This may explain the excellent stability of phosphorylated egg white protein against heat-induced insolubilization which was reported previously. The emulsifying property of OTf was also somewhat improved by phosphorylation. The calcium phosphate-solubilizing ability of PP-OTf was enhanced. Although the degree of phosphorylation of OTf by dry-heating in the presence of pyrophosphate was similar to that of ovalbumin, the improvement of properties of PP-OTf was considerably different from those of phosphorylated ovalbumin.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.381-389
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• 1993

A software to calculate diffraction OTF from lens design data was developed and its accuracy was verified. To verify the accuracy, MTF of a standard lens system for OTF measurement were calculated. The results were compared with calculated values by another commercial software and measured values. We found that they have good agreements with one another.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.121-126
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• 1991

The knife-edge scanning type OTF measuring equipment is improved to enhance the accuracy in off-axis OTF measurement and the accuracy of this equipment of evaluated by measuring the OTF of 50 mm plano-convex standard lens developed by SIRA group. Measured MTF values of the standard lens are in good agreement with SIRA results within $\pm$0.02 on axis and % $\pm$0.03 off-axis in 0-100 clmm frequency range except only a few spatial frequencies. Measured PTF values are good agreement with SIRA results within $\pm$$5^{\circ}$.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 1997

This paper describes the automation of an object generator and an image analyser in a knife scan OTF equipment to enhance the accuracy of OTF measurement. Pinholes and slits of various size in the object generator are used as an objects. A fishtail edge is mounted to the image analyzer and is translated to the direction of 45 degree angle with the horizontal to measure MTF simultaneously in the radial and tangential azimuths. The stepping motor control unit and software for the image analyzer are modified and the accuracy of this equipment is evaluated by measuring the OTF of SIRA group 50 mm standard lens.

• Proceedings of the Korea Crystallographic Association Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.14-14
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• 2004

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.5
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• pp.1159-1168
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• 2021

Ovotransferrin (OTF), an egg protein known as transferrin family protein, possess strong antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. This is because OTF has two iron binding sites, so it has a strong metal chelating ability. The present study aimed to evaluate the improved immune-enhancing activities of OTF hydrolysates produced using bromelain, pancreatin, and papain. The effects of OTF hydrolysates on the production and secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 macrophages were confirmed. The production of nitric oxide (NO) was evaluated using Griess reagent and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). And the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α and interleukin [IL]-6) and the phagocytic activity of macrophages were evaluated using an ELISA assay and neutral red uptake assay, respectively. All OTF hydrolysates enhanced NO production by increasing iNOS mRNA expression. Treating RAW 264.7 macrophages with OTF hydrolysates increased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the phagocytic activity. The production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by OTF hydrolysates was inhibited by the addition of specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors. In conclusion, results indicated that all OTF hydrolysates activated RAW 264.7 macrophages by activating MAPK signaling pathway.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1226-1236
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• 2018

Ovotransferrin (OTF) is a well-known protein of the transferrin family with strong iron chelating activity, resulting in its antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, OTF is known to have antioxidant, anticancer, and antihypertensive activities. However, there have been few studies about the immune-enhancing activity of OTF. In current study, we investigated the immune-enhancing activity of OTF using the murine macrophage cells in vitro. The effect of OTF on production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines were determined using Griess assay and quantitative real-time PCR. Using Neutral Red uptake assay, we confirmed the effect of OTF on phagocytic activity of macrophages. Ovotransferrin significantly increased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and secretion of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA with no cytotoxic activity. Ovotransferrin (2 mg/mL) stimulated NO production up to $31.9{\pm}3.5{\mu}M$. Ovotransferrin significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines which are tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), Interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), and IL-6: OTF (2 mg/mL) treatment increased the secretion of mRNA for TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 by 22.20-, 37.91-, and 6.17-fold of the negative control, respectively. The phagocytic activity of macrophages was also increased by OTF treatment significantly compared with negative control. Also, OTF treatment increased phosphorylation level of MAPK signaling pathways. These results indicated that OTF has immune-enhancing activity by activating RAW 264.7 macrophages via MAPK pathways.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.92-97
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• 2002

A real-time OTF (optical transfer function) measuring system with on- and off-axis nodal slide bench type for the camera lens is fabricated and evaluated. It consists of a nodal slide bench including a T-bar for the OTF measurement of an off-axis object, two dimensional CCD (charge coupled device) with pixel of 9.9${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$$\times$9.6${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ for real-time OTF measurment, and a collimating lens of focal length of 300 mm for the optimization of this system. The OTF system is corrected by using the OTF of a SIRA lens of fnumber of F/8 and focal length 50 mm. In order to confirm the reliability of the OTF system, two MTFs (modulus transfer functions) of CCTV & VIDEO lens (JAPAN, AVENIR-SE 2514) of focal length of 25mm and field of view 10.6$^{\circ}$are measured by the camera bench type OTF system of reference OTF system and the nodal slide bench type OTF system and compared with each other. As a result, these two values are agree well with each other within 4% from 0 1p/mm to 100 1p/mm.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.02a
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• pp.202-203
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• 2000

광학 렌즈계의 성능 평가를 위한 OTF(Optical Transfer Function) 측정 방법은 Hopkins$^{(1)}$ 에 의해 기본 이론이 확립된 이래 세계 각국에서 활발하게 연구되어 왔으며, 가장 합리적이고 신뢰도가 높은 평가방법으로 인정되고 있다. OTF 측정 방법은 간섭계를 이용하는 측정 방법$^{(2)}$ 과 광학계에 의해 맺혀진 상을 주사 해석하는 방법$^{(3)}$ 으로 대별될 수 있으며, 세계적으로 20여가지 이상의 측정 장치가 개발되었다. 현재 세계 각국은 다양한 형태의 OTF 측정 장치를 보유하고 있으며, OTF의 정확도를 비교 검토하는 연구가 활발해져서 측정 표준을 확립하였고,$^{(4)}$ 국제적인 측정 비교 오차를 0.02 이하로 줄일 수 있게 되었다.$^{(5)}$ 특히 선진국에서는 측정 장치들 간의 상호 비교를 위해 표준 렌즈를 설계, 제작하였고, 이러한 표준 렌즈를 적절한 측정 조건하에서 측정 오차의 원인과 측정 정확도를 평가하는데 사용하였다. (중략)