• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2011.11a
• /
• pp.130-133
• /
• 2011

This paper reports the Survey results from a field monitoring study of office occupancy densities. The field measurement of a office in Yongin was carried out from 19 September to 30 September 2011. The survey has an aim to reveal the building energy consumption relationship between occupancy densities of a realistic office and the previous studies. The results showed that hourly occupied density of the previous studies is more higher than a field survey. we investigated the effects of difference occupancy densities on annual heating and cooling energy consumption using EnergyPlus. Heating and cooling consumption was raised because of the increased occupancy density. therefore, accurately measure the occupnacy schedule is important in order to reduce excessive building energy consumption, and is an significant element to be considered in the energy simulation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.73-80
• /
• 2008

ALINEA algorithm, which is one of the best on-ramp metering algorithms, was designed to control the traffic volume from on-ramp in order to maintain the optimal occupancy rate of the detectors installed downstream of the merge area. But, the reliability of occupancy rate estimated from the loop detectors, which are used most commonly in Korea, is relatively lower than other parameters such as speed and volume. Moreover, because occupancy rate depends on the length of loop detectors and site, lots of calibration work is required whenever they are installed in order to estimate the occupancy rate. Therefore, there exists room for improvement of ALINEA algorithm because only occupancy rate having some problems is considered as a control parameter in ALINEA algorithm. Practically it is difficult to measure or perceive the occupancy rate for traffic engineers and drivers. On the other hand, speed can be good alternative which can overcome the defect induced by using occupancy. In this study, occupancy based ALINEA algorithm is converted to speed based ALINEA assuming the linear relationship between density and speed.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.535-541
• /
• 2013

Expressways are built to provide for high levels of safety and efficiency in the movement of large traffic volumes at high speeds. However, Gyeongbu and Namhae expressways in the country which are often suffering from the transportation problems with increased import and exoprt cargo trucks including the container vehicles are the major expressways having the Busan Port as the origin and destination regions, and are required to study the expressway traffic characteristics for reducing the transportation problems. We therefore attempted to suggest the expressway density predictive model through the correlation analysis between lane occupancy and mean density at the 8-lane basic segments of the above major expressways in the country.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
• /
• 2009.04a
• /
• pp.73-77
• /
• 2009

The block housing type is coming to fore as a 'low-rise high-density housing type', which can resolve the all sorts of problem caused in Korea apartment housing complex and single-detached residental area in terms of livability, urbanity, and community. To analyze the characteristics of the block housing, the block housing in Eunpyeong New Town, in Korea was analyzed as a sample for post occupancy evaluation. The analysis show that the block housing is useful low-rise and high-density housing type, which ensures the livability as well as the urbanity and community. In details the analysis also shows the user satisfaction from the perspective of living and facility use within the block housing and individual unit.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.29 no.3D
• /
• pp.335-345
• /
• 2009

Generally, density is used as a measure of effectiveness (MOE) of the level of service (LOS) for the basic segment of the roadway facility, but can not express the operational condition of the roadway facility properly because there can be an error in the computed density compared with the density measured in the field. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the real-time traffic characteristic data (traffic flow, speed, occupancy, headway, spacing, etc.) from the detectors installed on the mainline section of urban freeway under the study, analyze the maximum flow rate from the relationship between the real-time traffic characteristics collected, and evaluate the LOS criteria within the basic segment of the urban freeway based on the relationship between the occupancy and the v/c ratio depending on the level of service.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.93-99
• /
• 2001

This study aims to improve the Evacuation Performance o( the I)inc()unto-store in underground that is rapidly new shopping store in Korea. In this paper, The architectural properties of the floor plan and section was reviewed with egress focus, occupant load density of the Discount-store was surveyed and the procedure and method of performance based egress design for this occupancy was analysed with SIMULEX model and calculation method. As a result of modeling, more longer available safe egress time (ASET) is expected than required safe egress time (RSET)in underground discount-store. In order to improve the Evacuation Performance for this type occupancy, egress capacity including escape stair, aisle width, escape door is calculated with based on occupant load density and review of shopping cart's structure and size and maximum escape capacity of the cash counter.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.231-236
• /
• 2010

Partial charge is an important and fundamental concept which can explain many aspects of chemistry. Since a molecule can be regarded as neclei surrounded by electron cloud, there is no way to define a partial charge accurately. Nevertheless, there have been many attempts to define these seemingly impossible parameters, since they would facilitate the understanding of molecular properties such as molecular dipole moment, solvation, hydrogen bonding, molecular spectroscopy, chemical reaction, etc. Common methods are based on the charge equalization, orbital occupancy, charge density, and electric multipole moments, and electrostatic potential fitting. Methods based on the charge equalization using electronegativity are very fast, and therefore they have been used to study many compounds. Methods to subdivide orbital occupancy using basis set conversion, relies on the notion that molecular orbitals are composed of atomic orbitals. The main idea is to reduce overlap integral between two nuclei using converted orthogonal basis sets. Using some quantum mechanical observables like electrostatic potential or charge multipole moments. Using potential grids obtained from wavefunction, partial charges can be fitted. these charges are most useful to describe intermolecular electrostatic interactions. Methods to using dipole moment and its derivatives, seems to be sensitive the level of theory, Dividing electron density using density gradient being the most rigorous theoretically among various schemes, bears best potential to describe the charge the most adequately in the future.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
• /
• 2017.04a
• /
• pp.73-73
• /
• 2017

• Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
• /
• v.1 no.4
• /
• pp.223-232
• /
• 2014

This paper describes a variant of the extended Gaussian image based registration algorithm for point clouds with surface color information. The method correlates the distributions of surface normals for rotational alignment and grid occupancy for translational alignment with hue filters applied during the construction of surface normal histograms and occupancy grids. In this method, the size of the point cloud is reduced with a hue-based down sampling that is independent of the point sample density or local geometry. Experimental results show that use of the hue filters increases the registration speed and improves the registration accuracy. Coarse rigid transformations determined in this step enable fine alignment with dense, unfiltered point clouds or using Iterative Common Point (ICP) alignment techniques.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.429-438
• /
• 2023

The forest in the lower Tumen River serves as an important ecosystem spanning the territories of North Korea, Russia, and China, and it provides habitat and movement corridors for diverse mammals, including the endangered Amur tiger (Panthera tigris) and Amur leopard (Panthera pardus). This study focuses on the Mijiang area, situated as a potential ecological corridor connecting North Korea and China in the lower Tumen River, playing a crucial role in conserving and restoring the biodiversity of the Korean Peninsula. This study aimed to identify mammal species and estimate their relative abundance, occupancy, and distribution based on the 48 camera traps installed in the Mijiang area from May 2019 to May 2021. The results confirmed the presence of 18 mammal species in the Mijiang area, including large carnivores like tigers and leopards. Among the dominant mammals, four species of ungulates showed high occupancy and detection rates, particularly the Roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) and Wild boar (Sus scrofa). The roe deer was distributed across all areas with a predicted high occupancy rate of 0.97, influenced by altitude, urban residential areas, and patch density. Wild boars showed a predicted occupancy rate of 0.73 and were distributed throughout the entire area, with factors such as wetland ratio, grazing intensity, and spatial heterogeneity in aspects of the landscape influencing their occupancy and detection rates. Sika deer (Cervus nippon) exhibited a predicted occupancy rate of 0.48, confined to specific areas, influenced by slope, habitat fragmentation diversity affecting detection rates, and the ratio of open forests impacting occupancy. Water deer (Hydropotes inermis) displayed a very low occupancy rate of 0.06 along the Tumen River Basin, with higher occupancy in lower altitude areas and increased detection in locations with high spatial heterogeneity in aspects. This study confirmed that the Mijiang area serves as a habitat supporting diverse mammals in the lower Tumen River while also playing a crucial role in facilitating animal movement and habitat connectivity. Additionally, the occupancy prediction model developed in this study is expected to contribute to predicting mammal distribution within the disrupted Tumen River basin due to human interference and identifying and protecting potential ecological corridors in this transboundary region.