• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.97-110
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• 1992

Rape-seed oil has high viscosity and high rubber content like other vegetable oils. When crude rape-seed oil obtained by a general oil extraction process is used in a diesel engine, automization condition during injection is not good and a large amount of combustion product is doposited in a combustion chamber. The improvement of a diesel engine is required to use rape-seed oil as a diesel engine fuel. In this study, the physical and chemical properties and combustion characteristics of rape-seed oil were investigated. The auxiliary aid was developed to improve automization condition and the effect of the auxiliary injection aid on the performance of a diesel engine was determined. The results are as follows. 1) Oil content of rape-seed is 45%. The exraction rate is 33%. The resuls show higher values compared to those of other vegetable oils. 2) The viscosity of rape-seed oil is 50.8 cSt and nearly 14 times of diesel oil viscosity. 3) The heating value and flash point of rape-seed oil are 9720kcal/Kg and 318$^{\circ}C$, respectively. 4) In case rape-seed oil is used as fuel, brake horse power, specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency are compared to those of diesel oil. The results of rape-seed oil show 3.6%, 12.7% and 3.1% higher values. 5) Particle size of injection fuel with the auxiliary injection aid on the performance of a diesel engine was determined. The results are as follows. 1) Oil content of rape-seed is 45%. The extraction rate is 33%. The results show higher values compared to those of other vegetable oils. 2) The viscosity of rape-seed oil is 50.8 cSt and nearly 14 times of diesel oil viscosity. 3) The heating value and flash point of rape-seed oil are 9720kcal/Kg and 318.deg.C, respectively. 4) In case rape-seed oil is used as fuel, brake horse power, specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency are compared to theose of diesel oil. The results of rape-seed oil show 3.6%, 12.7% and 3.1% higher values. 5) Particle size of injection fuel with the auxiliary injection aids is 100.mu.m smaller than that od injection fuel without the aid. 6) Brake horse power and brake thermal efficiency with the auxiliary injection aid increase 5.07% and 6.07%, respectively. However, specific fuel consumption decreases 3.85% with the auxiliary injection aid.

• Plant Resources
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.104-109
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the possibility that oil seed rape could be used as a forage fodder crop and to select the most suitable variety of forage rape at the southern area of Korea, Two varieties of oil seed rape currently grown for oil production and six introduced varieties of forage rape with relatively high yield and high nutritional value were grown at the same condition and their nutritional value were observed in Spring. Generally, rape was considered as a useful forage fodder crop with high content of crude protein and low contents of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. Differences in mean values of the above characters between two groups of rape were not statistically significant. Velox showed significantly higher content of crude protein and significantly lower contents of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin compared with other varieties of forage rape in spring. Rape was relatively high in IVDMD compared with other forage fodder crops, and forage rape was more or less in IVDMD and DDMW than oil seed rape. Velox was the highest in IVDMD and DDMW among the varieties of forage rape in Spring, in this experiment.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.372-375
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• 2003

In order to examine the possibility that oil seed rape could be used as a forage fodder crop and to select the most suitable variety of forage rape at the southern area of Korea, two varieties of oil seed rape currently grown for oil production and six introduced varieties of forage rape with relatively high yield and high nutritional value were grown at the same condition and their nutritional value were observed. Generally, rape was considered as a useful forage fodder crop with high content of crude protein and low contents of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. Differences in mean values of the above characters between two groups of rape were not statistically significant. Velox showed significantly higher content of crude protein and significantly lower contents of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin compared with other varieties of forage rape. Rape was relatively high in IVDMD compared with other forage fodder crops, and forage rape was more or less higher in IVDMD and DDMM than oil seed rape. Velox was the highest in IVDMD and DDMM among the varieties of forage rape in this experiment.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.376-380
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• 2003

In order to examine the possibility that oil seed rape could be used as a forage fodder crop and to select the most suitable variety of forage rape at the southern area of Korea, two varieties of oil seed rape currently grown for oil production and six introduced varieties of forage rape with relatively high yield and high nutritional value were grown at the same condition their and yield components were observed. Forage rape was superior to oil seed rape in terms of yield components, plant fresh weight and plant dry mater weight. Velox was superior to any other variety of forage rape in these characters. When plant dry matter weight of the rape was subdivided into four components such as a main stem, branch stems, main stem leaves and branch leaves, contribution of these components to plant dry matter weight was in the order of branch stems, branch leaves, the main stem and main stem leaves. Dry matter percentage of the rape ranged from 9.32 to 11.08 percent, which was somewhat low value. There was no significant difference between two groups of the rape in terms of dry matter percentage. Velox showed somewhat higher value in dry matter percentage.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.40-42
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• 2003

In order to examine the possibility that oil seed rape could be used as a forage fodder crop and to select the most suitable variety of forage rape at the southern area of Korea, two varieties of oil seed rape currently grown for oil production and six introduced varieties of forage rape with relatively high yield and high nutritional value were grown at the same condition and yield components were observed. Forage rape was superior to oil seed rape in terms of yield components, plant fresh weight and plant dry mater weight. Velox was superior to any other variety of forage rape in these characters. When plant dry matter weight of the rape was subdivided into four components such as a main stem, branch stems, main stem leaves and branch leaves, contribution of these components to plant dry matter weight was in the order of branch stems, branch leaves, the main stem and main stem leaves. Dry matter percentage of the rape ranged from 9.32 to 11.08 percent, which was somewhat low value. There was no significant difference between two groups of the rape in terms of dry matter percentage. Velox showed somewhat higher value in dry matter percentage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.997-1003
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• 2006

An experiment with twenty crossbred goat kids (male) of 2-3 months old, weighing about 12 kg was conducted to study the effect of feeding formaldehyde treated rape seed oil cake based diet supplemented with molasses on growth rate and histopathological changes of different organs. Goats were randomly divided into four groups of 5 animals each and were individually fed for a period of 120 days. The animals in group I (URC) and II (URCM) were fed concentrate mixture (CM-I) containing untreated rape seed oil cake (30%) while, the animals in group III (TRC) and IV (TRCM) were offered concentrate mixture (CM-II) containing formaldehyde treated rape seed oil cake. Further, molasses as energy source was additionally supplemented with the concentrate mixture at the rate of 8% of concentrate mixture on dry matter basis to animals in group II and IV. All the animals were maintained on roughage (Berseem hay:wheat straw = 2:1) and concentrate in 50:50 ratio. Average daily gain (g/d) of animals in group IV was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in group I., but at par with group II and III. Feed conversion efficiency was also significantly (p<0.05) higher in group IV (10.14) than group I and II but at par with group III. The growth rate however increased by 50.2% in group IV showing more consistency in maintaining highest growth rate due to better balance of nutrients. At the end of four months of feeding trial, two animals from each group were sacrificed for histopathological study of different organs. Significant histopathological changes in liver, heart, lungs tissue of animals fed untreated rape seed oil cake diet were recorded which were totally absent in the organ of animals fed formaldehyde treated cake. The liver tissue of goats receiving control diet (containing untreated rape seed oil cake) were found to be associated with engorged central vein and blood vessels. Hepatocytes were swollen, pale and degenerated with cellular infiltration and fibrosis of portal areas. The muscles of heart were found to have intermyofibral edema. Emphysema accompanied by dilated and ruptured alveoli was also recorded in lung tissue. However, histopathological examination of various tissues of goats fed formaldehyde treated cake diet did not exhibit any degenerative changes. Additional supplementation of molasses with or without treated cake diet, apparently did not have any significant effect on ameliorating the above degenerative changes.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.170-176
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• 1983

The results obtained from the experiments conducted to investigate Cruciferae plants in rape dependent on the amount of applied fertilizer in aspects of mineral nutrient uptake and on the effects of the composition of oil quality are as follows: Absorption of mineral nutrients in the respective pars of the plant body was high in nitorgen in the order of leaf and stem

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47
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• pp.175-185
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• 2002

Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) is an important oil crop as a vegetable oil, concentrated feed and industrial materials. The name "canola" was registered in 1979 by the Western Canadian Oilseed Crushers Association to describe "double-low" varieties. Double low indicates that the processed oil contains less than 2% erucic-acid and the meal less than 3mg/g of glucosinolates. Today annual worldwide production of rapeseed is approximately 35 million tons on 24 million hectares. China accounts for 33% of the world production and the European Economic Community for nearly 32%. Canola ranks 3rd in production among the world's oilseed crops following soybeans, sunflowers, peanuts and cottonseed. The recent advances in genomics and in gene function studies has allowed us to understand the detailed genetic basis of many complex traits, such as flowering time, height, and disease resistance. The manipulation of seed oil content via transgene insertion has been one of the earliest successful applications of modern biotechnology in agriculture. For example, the first transgenic crop with a modified seed composition to be approved for unrestricted commercial cultivation in the US was a lauric oil, rape-seed, grown in 1995. There were also some significant early successes, mostly notably the achievement of 40% to 60% lauric acid content in rapeseed oil, which normally accumulates little or no lauric acid. The name "$\textrm{Laurical}^{TM}$" was registered in 1995 by Calgene Inc. Nevertheless, attempts to achieve high levels of other novel fatty acids in seed oils have met with much less success and there have been several reports that the presence of novel fatty acids in transgenic plants can sometimes lead to the induction of catabolic pathways which break down the novel fatty acid, i.e. the plant recognizes the "strange" fatty acid and, far from tolerating it, may even actively eliminate it from the seed oil. It is likely that, in the future, transgenic oil crops and newly domesticated oil crops will both be developed in order to provide the increased amount and diversity of oils which will be required for both edible and industrial use. It is important that we recognize that both approaches have both positive and negative points. It will be a combination of these two strategies that is most likely to supply the increasing demands for plant oils in the 21st century and beyond.ant oils in the 21st century and beyond.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.81-85
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• 1980

Field experiment was conducted to determine the optimum harvesting time in winter rape (Brassica napus L.) by investigating the percent oil, 1, 000 seed weight, seed yield, dehiscent pod ratio and oil yield at 46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66 and 70 days after flowering. Variation of all characters with days after flowering could be explained significantly by second degree polynomial equations. Percent oil and 1, 000 seed weight increased until 62 days after flowering and thereafter these traits decreased, while seed yield increased to 58 days after flowering and thereafter this trait decreased. This controversy was due to the drastic increase in dehiscent pods beyond 58 days after flowering which brought loss in seed yield. These results suggest that optimum harvesting time is 58 days after flowering and it should not be later than 60 days after flowering.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.5-10
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• 2005

The effect of ultrasonic energy for diesel fuel and blend oil has been revealed in this paper. The experimental setup consisted of a high speed diesel engine with 4 cylinder, dynamometer and ultrasonic fuel feeding system. Ultrasonic energy was added to diesel fuel and blend oil, which is a blend of diesel fuel and rape-seed oil. As engine speed was changed, engine torque and power, brake specific fuel consumption and thermal efficiency were measured in detail. As the results, by adding ultrasonic energy to diesel fuel and blend oil, the engine performance was improved in range of the experiment. The effect of improvement on brake specific fuel consumption and thermal efficiency for blend oil is higher than that for diesel fuel. When ultrasonic energy was added to diesel fuel or blend oil, a rise in engine torque for diesel fuel was higher than that for blend oil, but the effect of ultrasonic energy was small. From these results, it may be desirable to add ultrasonic energy to blend oil for the use of blend oil to diesel engine.