• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.158-163
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• 2018

Perilla (Perilla frutescens var.frutescens) is an annual plant of the Lamiaceae family, mainly grown for obtaining oil by press extraction after roasting the seeds. Oil yield is one of its important traits, but evaluating this yield is time-consuming, requires many seeds, and is hard to adjust to pedigrees in a breeding field. The objective of this study was to develop a method for selecting high-oil-yield lines in a breeding population without oil extraction. Twenty-three perilla cultivars were used for evaluating the oil yield and seed traits such as seed hardness, seed coat thickness, seed coat proportion and crude fat. After evaluation of the seed traits of 23 perilla cultivars, the ranges of oil yields, seed hardness, seed coat thickness, seed coat proportion, 100-seed weight, and crude fat were 24.68-38.75%, 157-1166 gf, $24-399{\mu}m$, 15.4-41.5%, 2.79-6.69 g, and 33.0-47.8%, respectively. In an analysis of correlation coefficients, the oil yield negatively correlated with seed length, seed width, the proportion of seed coat, seed hardness, and 1000-seed weight, but positively correlated with crude fat content. It was observed that as the seed coat proportion increased, the seed coat thickness, hardness, and 1000-seed weight also increased. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was employed to find major variables affecting the oil yield. Among the variables, traits crude fat content and seed coat proportion were assumed to be indirect parameters for estimating the potential oil yield, with respect to a significant positive correlation with the observed oil yield ($R^2=0.791$). Using these two parameters, an equation was derived to predict the oil yield. The results of this study show that various seed traits in 23 perilla cultivars positively or negatively correlated with the oil yield. In particular, crude fat and the seed coat proportion can be used for predicting the oil yield with the newly developed equation, and this approach will improve the efficiency of selecting prominent lines for the oil yield.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.274-276
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• 1999

Sardine oil was microencapsulated by spray drying method in wall systems containing corn syrup in combination with sodium casein or wheat protein. Analysis of microencapsulation yield of sardine oil was carried out by a modified soxhlet method which could reduce the extraction time of surface oil. Microencapsulation yield of sardine oil was ranged from 65.3 to 93.5 % depending on the sodium casein content.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.195-201
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• 2012

Seasonal variations in the profile and concentrations of essential oil in Zanthoxylum piperitum were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Seasonal changes in the percentages of the main constituents of the essential oil of both leaves and fruits from Z. piperitum varied. Variations in essential oil yield and the amount of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in leaves and fruits at different developmental stages were significant. The characteristic content of essential oil in leaves was determined mainly due to the content of monoterpenes, and that in fruits was determined largely due to the sesquiterpenes. Twenty-nine compounds in the oil from Z. piperitum leaves were detected; the major compounds were ${\beta}$-phellandrene (26.90%), citronella (15.32%), ${\beta}$-myrcene (3.24%), ${\alpha}$-pinene (2.79%), trans-caryophyllene (2.66%), and fanesyl acetate (2.30%). The highest yield of oil (43.89%) in Z. piperitum leaves was obtained in May but decreased gradually beginning in June. The yield of essential oil from Z. piperitum leaves during early periods was higher than that during later periods and usually decreased from early maturation stages to subsequent stages. However, in contrast to leaves, the oil yield in Z. piperitum fruit increased in June, and oil yield later in the season was higher than that earlier in the season. These results indicate that the essential oil produced from Z. piperitum leaves at the early developmental stages was stored in leaves, and might be transferred to fruit at the final developmental stages.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.193-200
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• 2016

Purpose: New low-cost oilseeds are needed to meet an ever-increasing demand for oil for food, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications. African oil bean seed is a tropical crop that is underutilized and has high oil yields, but there have been no studies conducted on its mechanical oil expression up to now. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of moisture content and seed dimensions on mechanical oil expression from the seeds. Methods: Fresh oil bean seeds were procured, de-hulled, and cleaned. Initial seed moisture content, obtained in accordance with the ASAE standard, was 12% dry basis (db). The seeds were further conditioned by dehydration and rehydration prior to oil expression to obtain four other moisture levels of 8, 10, 14, and 16% db. The major diameter of the seeds was measured using digital vernier calipers, and the seeds were classified into size dimensions (< 40, 41-45, 46-50, 51-55, and > 55 mm). The oil yield and expression efficiency were obtained in accordance with standard evaluation methods. Results: The highest oil yield and expression efficiency (47.74% and 78.96%, respectively) were obtained for a moisture content of 8% db and seed dimensions of < 40 mm, while the lowest oil yield and expression efficiency (41.35% and 68.28%, respectively) were obtained for a moisture content of 14% db and seed dimensions between 51-55 mm. A mathematical model was developed to predict oil yield for known moisture content and seed dimensions, with a coefficient of determination $R^2$ of 95% and the confidence level of the predictive model of 84.17%. The probability of prediction F ratio showed that moisture content influence was more significant than seed dimensions. Conclusions: The higher the moisture content and larger the seed dimensions, the lower the oil yield from African oil bean seeds.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.696-701
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• 2011

The aim of this field experiment was to investigate the possible effects of mepiquat chloride (TE) and trinexapac-ethyl (MC) on oil composition, seed yield and endogenous gibberellins content of flax cultivar. Foliar application of plant growth retardants mepiquat chloride (0.897, 1.794 and 2.691 kg a.i. $ha^{-1}$) and trinexapac-ethyl (0.756, 1.512 and 2.668 kg a.i. $ha^{-1}$) had significantly increased seeds ripening rate and seed yield. In contrast, plant height was decreased by foliar application of MC and TE. The application of MC significantly increased seed oil yield (730 kg $ha^{-1}$ by 27.0%) compared to the control. Seed and oil yield, and unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid) were increased by foliar application of MC.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.682-685
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• 2011

An engine oil sensor based on multiwall carbon nanotubes was fabricated with screen printing method. Since carbon nanotubes are generally intertwined, dispersion of the carbon nanotubes in the binding agent (ethyl cellulose, a-terpineol, frit) is a key factor for large yield of engine oil sensor. By conventional dispersion method, a hand-mill method, the maximum yield was 80% at most. However, we used the hand ultrasonic, in order to increase the yield of the sensors. As a results, our engine oil sensor fabricated by the screen printing method shows excellent yield rate of 97%, when we dispersed a paste by the hand ultrasonic method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.90-97
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• 1994

Effect of addition of oil , sucrose, dextrin and oil-sucrose (1 : 1 w/w) mixture on SPI tofu was investigated. The characteristics measured were yield , water holding capacity , textural and organoleptic properties. THe SPI tofufwas prepared by coagulation of soyprotein isolate (SP) suspensino by CaCl$_2$ , CaSo$_4$ an dGDL , followed by compression . Addition of oil to SPI increased the tofu yield and water holding capacity, particulary for those tofu coagulated by CaCl$_2$. Eventhough dextrin addition decreased the yield, it showed the most improving effect on water holding capacity. The tofu prepared by CaSO$_4$coagulant resulted highest in yield and water holding capacity. Hardness was found to be decreased as the oil, sucrose and dextrin added more and adhesiveness, cohesiveness and guminess were also affected. The sensory evaluation showed the SPI tofu prepared by CaSO$_4$ and 10% addition of oil and sucrose mixture to be realtively high in hardness , elasticity and uniformity of the texture.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.229-235
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• 2014

Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) has been used for the edible oil in Korea. The evaluate the effect of plant growth retardants on flaxseed yield, oil content, and gibberellin level, chloromequat chloride (CMC), paclobutrazol (PBZ), and prohexadione-Ca (PHC) were used as plant growth retardants in this study. These plant growth retardants were foliar-sprayed to flax plant at 55 days after seeding. The concentrations of each plant growth retardant were as followed: CMC 250, 500, 1000 ppm, PBZ 40, 80, 160 ppm and PHC 500, 1000, 2000 ppm. PHC treatment to forming bolls was more stimulated than CMC and PBZ. The highest ripened seed rate was observed in PHC treatment at 2000ppm. The high see yields were obtained in PHC treatment following PBZ and CMC, in turn. Seed yield that significantly increased in PBZ and PHC was found to be increased 12.4 ~ 23.9% as compared to the control. The PHC showed higher flaxseed production and oil yield than that of CMC and PBZ. The results obtained in the present study suggest that higher concentration of plant growth retardant (PHC) increased flaxseed yield and oil content. The optimal concentration of PHC treatment was observed in 2000 ppm. It concludes that the foliar application of PHC 2000 ppm may be useful for the increasing oil and higher seed production in flax plants.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.159-162
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• 1999

This study was carried out to determine the optimum harvest date of unshelled immature peanuts and dried kernels from 60 to 120 days after flowering. Fresh pod yield of spanish-type variety, 'Shaedl-tangkong(SD)' reached a peak of 9,140kg/ ha at 70 (days after flowering(Aug. 13) while that of virginia-type variety, 'Daepoongtangkong(DP)' reached a peak of 8,820kg/ha at 90 days(Sept. 11) after flowering. SD and DP showed maximum fresh kernel yield of 6,090 and 6,470kg/ha at 90 days after flowering (Sept. 11), respectively, while dry kernel yield reached a peak of 3,300 and 3,720kg/ha at 110 days(Oct. 1), respectively. Oil content of SD and DP were the highest at 90 days and 100 days after flowering, respectively and the oil content of two varieties increased rapidly from 60 to 90 days. Tannin content of the seed hull of SD increased continuously until 110 days after flowering while that of DP maximized at 100 days. The tannin content of the two varieties increased rapidly from 60 to 100 days. Total sugar of SD and DP showed highest content at 60 days and 70 days after flowering, respectively and suger content decreased very rapidly until 80 days and after that sugar content kept nearly constant. Oil, tannin and total sugar content of spanish-type SD were higher than those of virginia-type DP.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.114-126
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• 2018

The production of high quality oil to meet new standard needs a 'next generation' innovative oil refining tool in paradigm shift. 'Nanoneutralization' using controlled hydrodynamic cavitation-assisted Nanoreactor is successfully being introduced and commercialized into edible oil industry and it plays a key driver for sustainable development of food processing. This emerging technology using bubble dynamics as a consequence of Bernoulli's principle by hydrodynamic cavitation in Venturi-designed multi-flow through cell is radically changing the conventionally chemical-oriented neutralization. Nanoneutralization derived by the creation of nanometer-sized bubbles formed through scientifically structured geometric channels under high pressure has been proven to improve mass transfer and reaction rate so substantially reduce the chemicals required for refined vegetable oil and to increase oil yield while even improving oil quality. More researches on science behind this revolutionary technology will help usto better understand the principle and process hence makes its potential applications expandable in extraction, refining and modification of fats and oils processing.