• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.16A no.3
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• pp.159-168
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• 2009

In this paper, we present an efficient way of implementing OpenGL ES 1.1 standard for the environments with hardware-supported OpenGL API, such as desktop PCs. Although OpenGL ES was started from the existing OpenGL features, it becomes a new three-dimensional graphics library customized for embedded systems through introducing fixed-point arithmetic operations, buffer management with fixed-point data type supports, completely new texture mapping functionalities and others. Currently, it is the official three dimensional graphics library for Google Android, Apple iPhone, PlayStation3, etc. In this paper, we achieved improvements on the arithmetic operations for the fixed-point number representation, which is the most characteristic data type for OpenGL ES. For the conversion of fixed-point data types to the floating-point number representations for the underlying OpenGL, we show the way of efficient conversion processes even with satisfying OpenGL ES standard requirements. We also introduced a simple memory management scheme to mange the converted data for the buffer containing fixed-point numbers. In the case of texture processing, the requirements in both standards are quite different and thus we used completely new software-implementations. Our final implementation result of OpenGL ES library provides all of over than 200 functions in OpenGL ES 1.1 standard and completely passed its conformance test, to show its compliance with the standard. From the efficiency viewpoint, we measured its execution times for several OpenGL ES-specific application programs and achieved at most 33.147 times improvements, to become the fastest one among the OpenGL ES implementations in the same category.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.125-128
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• 2014

OpenGL ES(OpenGL for Embedded System) 2.0 is one of the most widely used 3D graphics API(application progrma interface) standard for smart phones and tablet PCs at this time. During programming with this API, they prefer desktop environment rather than the target mobile environment, which has relatively low computing power. Thus, we need to emulate the OpenGL ES 2.0 API on the desktop PCs, where only OpenGL API libraries are available. In this paper, we present technical difficulties and their solutions to emulate OpenGL ES 2.0 on desktop PCs. Our final implementation of OpenGL ES 2.0 emulation library works on desktop PCs and passed over more than 96% of the official CTS(conformance test suites) to prove the correctness of our implementation. Additionally, for the commercially available benchmark programs, our implementation shows equivalent execution speeds to the previous commercial OpenGL ES 2.0 implementations.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.118-123
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• 2008

The Khronos group releases OpenGL ES 2.0 API specification bringing streamlined shader programming to graphics processor of embedded system. For this reason, the mobile devices have need of graphics processor for supporting a OpenGL ES 2.0 API. We need to extend instruction`s length to support OpenGLES 2.0 API, so it needs more memory size. In this paper, we propose a new instruction format that offers availability for use the instructions. This proposed instruction adopt a variable length method and unit instruction architecture. This proposed instruction architecture that support to OpenGLES 2.0 API has consist of 32bit unit instructions up to 4 which can be combined for embellishing each other. Therefore, it can execute flexible instruction combination and reduce waste of instruction fields.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2006

This study focused on design and implementation of Mobile 3D Bluetooth Engine based on OpenGL-ES. In Mobile 3D network game so far, there is a form the mainstream of wireless internet game using WAP and VM. But, VM game are popular because of an excessive communication expense problem for this mobile network game that occur when connect to wireless internet as point out to problem by it, that is, stand-alone game are very popular. This study introduce a mobile 3D Bluetooth Engine which is based on mobile 3D standard using OpenGL-ES to solve a mobile network game generally that occurs when connect to take pleasure a wireless internet from some people into a short distance.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.1109-1111
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• 2009

Android OpenGL ES Issue Report에서 제기된 Android Emulator에서의 OpenGL 연산속도 문제를 Matrix 연산이 많이 사용되는 OpenGL 3D 구현에서 확인하고 이를 개선할 수 있는 방법을 제시한다. Android Emulator에 포함된 OpenGL ES는 소프트웨어 방식의 OpenGL ES 1.5가 사용되고 있다. 이때 Floating Point가 개선되면 3D의 연산 속도를 높일 수 있을 것이다. 이를 위하여 본 논문에서는 Android Emulator를 수정하여 개선하고, 샘플코드를 통해 테스트 결과를 제시한다.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2006.03a
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• pp.41-44
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• 2006

본 연구에서 3차원 지형공간정보의 구축 및 처리, 가시화를 위하여 개인용 PC와 임베디드 단말기의 포켓 PC환경에서 자료 호환 및 동시 운영이 가능한 실시간 3차원 GIS의 Prototype의 설계 및 구현과 적용 실험을 하고자 한다 OpenGL(Open Graphic Library)과 OpenGL|ES (Embedded System)를 활용하여 도시경관을 구성하는 주요객체인 지형, 건물, 교통, 식생 등을 통합적으로 저작 및 3D 객체 모델링 및 렌더링이 통합 및 개별 운영 시스템을 설계하고 구현하였다. 구현 단계에서 개인용 PC 운영환경에서는 기능성 향상에 중점을 두어 공간 데이터베이스 설계, 텍스처 영상 매핑처리, 대용량의 3차원 공간정보 처리 및 관리, 가시화, 렌더링, 모델링 기능들을 제공하며, PDA 휴대용 단말운영환경을 지원하는 모바일 시스템에서는 실시간 모바일 저작기능과 렌더링 기능에 주안점을 두어 개발하였다. 한편 연구 결과로 구현된 시스템은 원도우 XP 기반의 개인용 PC와 PDA 단말기 상에서 3D 객체 자료구조가 호환되어 향후 다양한 응용이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.167-169
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• 2012

오늘날 휴대용 기기에서의 그래픽 처리 요구사항이 증가함에 따라 저전력, 저비용 그래픽 프로세서의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 이에 따라 크로노스 그룹은 휴대기기를 위한 그래픽 API 표준인 OpenGL ES 2.0을 발표하였다. 본 논문에서는 OpenGL ES 2.0을 상정하여 구성된 그래픽 프로세서를 위한 쉐이더 컴파일러를 개발하고 최적화하는 연구를 수행하였다. 개발된 컴파일러는 OpenGL ESSL로 작성된 쉐이더 프로그램을 정상적으로 컴파일하고 동작시켰으며 타겟 GPU에 적합한 최적화 기법을 적용하여 쉐이더 프로그램의 크기를 최대 10%가량 절감하고 성능을 10~15%가량 향상시켰다.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2012

TIP technology enables navigation of the internal contents of images by extracting geometry information from two-dimensional drawing or a picture and generating three-dimensional effects from extracted information. The technology can be applied to a variety of practical fields including game, entertainment, education, public relations and so on. This paper proposes extended application of TIP technology and realization method for smart devices using OpenGL ES Library for Android platform. Considering problems associated with a foreground object extraction, the proposed method uses vanishing points chosen by the user to facilitate more realistic scene configuration. Then, method acquires three-dimensional background model using OpenGL ES Library, develops three-dimensional virtual space and enables image navigation via camera viewpoint conversion. The experimental image is made on Android 2.1 and OpenGL ES 1.0 using the image taken on devices built on the Android platform. Thus, the proposed technology can be implemented to various smart devices built on the Android platform at lower cost and in less time.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.1460-1471
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• 2007

A 3-Dimensional engine in a mobile embedded device is divided into a C-based OpenGL/ES and a Java-based JSR184 which interprets and executes a byte code in a real-time. In these two standards, the JSR184 supporting Java objects uses more processor resources than an OpenGL/ES and thus has a constraint when it is used in an embedded device with a limited computing power. On the other hand, 3-Dimensional contents employed in existing personal computer are created by utilizing advantages of Java and secured numerous users in European market, due to the good quality in contents and extensive service in a commercial network, GSM. Because of the reason, a mobile embedded device used in a GSM network needs a JSR184 which can provide an existing Java-based 3-Dimensional contents without extra conversion processes, but the current version of Java-based 3-Dimensional engine has drawbacks in application to commercial products because it requires more computing power than the mobile embedded device. This paper proposes a binding technique with the advantages of Java objects to improve a processing speed of 3-Dimensional contents in limited resources of a mobile embedded device. The technique supports a JSR184 standard interface in the upper layer to utilize 3-Dimensional contents using Java, employs a different code-conversion language, KNI(Kilo Native Interface), in the middle layer to interface between OpenGL/ES and JSR184, and embodies an OpenGL/ES standard in the lower layer. The validity of the binding technique is demonstrated through a simulator and a FPGA embedding an ARM.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2008

In this paper, we present the architecture of graphics processor and its instruction format for the mobile device. In addition, we introduce tile shader data structure for the on/off-line compilation based on the OpenGL ES 2.0 and a new optimization method based on the ILP(Instruction-Level Parallelism). This paper shows where a processor with the sane core clock is being used, the shader instruction resulted from the compile structure and method in this paper is approximately 1.5 to 2 times faster than a code based on the single instruction.