• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.589-596
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of the stress of adults on their oral mucosal diseases, dry mouth and physical, mental stress symptoms. Structured equation model (SEM) was used to analyze the hypotheses of the study. Methods : The subjects were 500 adultsfrom July 1 to December 31, 2012. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 (SPSS 18.0 K for window, SPSS Inc USA) and IBM SPSS Amos 18.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA) set at the level of significance as 0.05. Results : The level of stress had a direct influence on oral mucosal diseases, and oral mucosal diseases affected stress symptoms directly. The level of stress had a significant impact on stress symptoms, and that exercised an indirect influence on stress symptoms through the medium of oral mucosal diseases and dry mouth. The level of stress affected dry mouth in a direct effects, and dry mouth had a direct impact on stress symptoms. Conclusions : The stress of adults had direct and indirect impacts on their oral health and systemic diseases. The oral health of adults should be promoted to let them stay healthy, and how to help them to get rid of their stress should be considered to improve their quality of life.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.96-104
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of positive patch test reaction to dental materials in patients with oral mucosal diseases. Epicutaneous patch test was performed in 110 patients with oral mucosal diseases; 41 patients with oral lichen planus(OLP), 44 patients with burning mouth syndrome(BMS), 25 patients with other oral mucosal diseases including recurrent aphthous ulcer and mucous membrane pemphigoid. The obtained results were as follows: Oral gold restorations were most common in patents with oral mucosal diseases and porcelain fused metal crown, implant appeared in the order. 33 of 110 patients did not appear skin reactions (negative, 30%) and 77 patients (positive, 70%) had skin reactions including redness, rash, blisters. Dental materials causing positive reaction to patch test were mainly as gold-sodium-thiosulfate (26.7%), nickel sulfate(Ni) (22.7%), cobalt chloride(Co) (14.7%), palladium chloride(Pd) (11.9%), potassium dichromate (10.7%) in order, respectively. In conclusion, old metal restorations could be the cause of oral mucosal diseases and epicutaneous patch test could be used as a tool to improve the oral conditions.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.56 no.7
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• pp.391-397
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• 2018

Mess removal, electrocoagulation, cryosurgery are conventional methods in the treatment of various oral mucosal diseases. However, there are several problems or complication during or after surgery using conventional tools. Recently, LASER gradually become useful tool in the surgery of oral mucosal diseases. Of the LASER, carbon dioxide-mediated LASER is widely used one. Carbon dioxide LASER has many advantages such as good bleeding control, decreased damage to adjacent tissue, decreased pain and swelling, reduced scar formation, even bacteriocidal effects. In this reports, the author describe pros and cons of LASER, especially focused on carbon dioxide, and shed light on the field of LASER application in treatment of various oral mucosal diseases.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between psychological factors and symptoms of oral mucosal diseases by means of the revised version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2). Methods: Three hundred and eighteen college students in Gyeonggi-do completed the MMPI-2 and a questionnaire related to symptoms of oral mucosal diseases and collected data were analyzed by Student's t-test and one way ANOVA. Results: Subjects who have experienced herpetic stomatitis revealed significantly higher mean values of T-scores than subjects who have not on hypochondriasis (Hs) and hysteria (Hy) clinical scales of the MMPI-2 (p<0.05). In comparison with subjects who have had recurrent aphthous ulceration, subjects who have not had it manifested significantly higher elevations on the schizophrenia (Sc) clinical scale (p<0.05). Subjects who have suffered oral lichen planus (OLP) showed significantly higher mean values of T-scores than subjects who have not on paranoia (Pa) (p<0.05) and hypomania (Ma) (p<0.01) clinical scales. Mean values of T-scores on Ma clinical scale were significantly higher in subjects having experienced glossodynia than in subjects having not experienced (p<0.05). Subjects having felt taste disturbance exhibited significantly higher elevations on Hs (p<0.0001) and Hy (p<0.01) clinical scales compared to subjects having not. Conclusions: Symptoms of oral mucosal diseases such as herpetic stomatitis, taste disturbance, OLP, and glossodynia were found to be related to Hs, Hy, Pa, Ma clinical scales of the MMPI-2. Therefore, comprehensive psychological evaluations of those oral mucosal diseases may be beneficial in a therapeutic approach.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the association of vocational interest and personality with oral mucosal diseases. Methods: Three hundred and fifty eight college students in Gyeonggi-do completed Vocational Preference Inventory L form and a questionnaire and collected data were analyzed by R program. Results: The prevalence of symptoms of oral mucosal diseases showed no significant difference among six vocational personality types. Compared to subjects with good or fair general health status, a significantly increased percentage of subjects with bad general health status showed herpetic stomatitis (p<0.01), oral malodor (p<0.01), and glossodynia (p<0.0001). Prevalence of taste disturbance increased significantly as the score of emotional instability (${\beta}=0.0438$, p=0.0082), anxiety (${\beta}=0.038$, p=0.0174), angry hostility (${\beta}=0.0398$, p=0.0061), depression (${\beta}=0.0443$, p=0.0035), and impulsiveness (${\beta}=0.0358$, p=0.0186) increased. Subjects who strongly felt oral malodor revealed significantly higher mean scales of scores of anxiety and angry hostility than subjects who did not feel oral malodor (p<0.05). Subjects who strongly felt oral malodor manifested significantly higher mean scales of scores of anxiety than subjects who slightly felt oral malodor (p<0.05). Conclusions: Taste disturbance was affected by emotional instability, anxiety, angry hostility, depression, and impulsiveness. Oral malodor was related to anxiety and angry hostility. Therefore, psychological aspects of taste disturbance and oral malodor could be evaluated by Vocational Preference Inventory L form.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.744-752
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• 2014

There are many causes of oral mucosal diseases, so accordingly, there are various treatments available. The most commonly used agents include adrenocortical hormones, antifungals, antivirals, antibacterials, and immunosuppressants. However, it must also be noted that improving oral hygiene and nutrition, and reducing stress are effective in symptom relief. Furthermore, patients with existing diseases of the oral mucosa should avoid behavior that may cause an increase in pain. Unfortunately, many patients are unaware of the activities that may lead to increased pain and therefore do not avoid these activities. The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the behavior of patients with oral mucosal disease with regard to activities that led to increase pain. This cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of patients with oral mucosal disease selected from the Oral Medicine Clinic of the Pusan National Hospital during March to August 2013. These patients were randomly selected. From a total of 479 patients, 116 patients with mucosal disease were selected and 73 fully completed questionnaires were included in the analysis. Data were collected by using self-completed questionnaires. The results were as follows: Mean score of Question 13 (Not smoking) is $2.47{\pm}1.11$. Mean score of Question 11 (Not drinking alcohol or not using mouthwash containing alcohol) is $2.22{\pm}1.15$. The other questions resulted in scores lower than 1.5. The answers to the questions were scored according to the following assigned numerical values: not keeping = score of 0; little keeping = score of 1; often keeping = score of 2; always keeping = score of 3. In conclusion, patients with oral mucosal diseases unknowingly engage in activities that result in an increase in pain. Therefore, they need to be educated about how to behave to protect oral mucosal lesion.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.165-175
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• 2012

Vaccination is one of the most effective methods available to prevent infectious diseases. Mucosa, which are exposed to heavy loads of commensal and pathogenic microorganisms, are one of the first areas where infections are established, and therefore have frontline status in immunity, making mucosa ideal sites for vaccine application. Moreover, vaccination through the mucosal immune system could induce effective systemic immune responses together with mucosal immunity in contrast to parenteral vaccination, which is a poor inducer of effective immunity at mucosal surfaces. Among mucosal vaccines, oral mucosal vaccines have the advantages of ease and low cost of vaccine administration. The oral mucosal immune system, however, is generally recognized as poorly immunogenic due to the frequent induction of tolerance against orally-introduced antigens. Consequently, a prerequisite for successful mucosal vaccination is that the orally introduced antigen should be transported across the mucosal surface into the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). In particular, M cells are responsible for antigen up-take into MALT, and the rapid and effective transcytotic activity of M cells makes them an attractive target for mucosal vaccine delivery, although simple transport of the antigen into M cells does not guarantee the induction of specific immune responses. Consequently, development of mucosal vaccine adjuvants based on an understanding of the biology of M cells has attracted much research interest. Here, we review the characteristics of the oral mucosal immune system and delineate strategies to design effective oral mucosal vaccines with an emphasis on mucosal vaccine adjuvants.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.55 no.7
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• pp.468-480
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• 2017

A wide variety of benign and malignant lesions and other diseases can develop on oral mucosa. Oral mucosal lesions can also be associated with an underlying systemic disease, so their correct diagnosis, which may even share similar clinical and demographic features, is always a challenge for a dentist. Common oral mucosal lesions include candidiasis, herpes viral infection, leukoplakia, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, pemphigus, lichen planus and benign migratory glossitis. The differential diagnosis of these lesions are based on a thorough review of the patient's past medical and dental history and a complete oral examination. The knowledge of clinical features such as size, location, morphology, color, and pain is helpful in establishing a diagnosis. In addition, diagnostic tests, including microbiologic and laboratory tests and biopsies are usually required for establishing a proper diagnosis.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.113-116
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• 1973

Oral mucosal epithliums are slowly changed by intrinsic and extrinsic irritations and some other factors. It was stuied by the statistical observation and analysis on the kerakosis ofnormal oral mucosal epitheliums in order to observe pathologic degeneration in oralmucosal epitheriums with inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.229-235
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• 2010

A common method for treating oral mucosal diseases is taking medication by oral administration. The oral administration is the method of least resistance. Because large part of drugs is degraded by liver, it is necessary to take more drugs getting to appropriate level in blood stream. And there are so many side effects when patients take drugs by oral administration. In so many cases, the patients who suffer from oral mucosal problems have the other general diseases simultaneously. Willingly or not, some patients can't take the medicine by oral administration. Number of topical drugs for oral mucosal disease is less than that for skin diseases because the environment of oral mucosa prevents activity of medicine. In this paper, research on effects of topical type medication for treating oral mucosal diseases is conducted through investigating currently used medications and their effects. In addition, effects of dissolved oral medications with appropriate solvent are demonstrated if this medication is useful for patients clinically.