• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.113-124
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• 2013

This study investigated the relationship between school-age children's overt/covert narcissism with self-control and mothers' parenting. The subjects were 517 children in the 5th and 6th grades attending elementary schools located in Daegu and Gyeongbuk Province. The collected data were analyzed by t-test, Pearson's correlation, multiple regressions and SPSS Win 19.0 was used. The results were as follows: (1) School-age children's overt narcissism differed in boys and girls. However, this was not the case for covert narcissism. (2) The overt narcissism of school-age boys and girls was positively correlated with self-control. However covert narcissism was negatively correlated with self-control. (3) The active-responsive and active-restrictive parenting of mothers influenced on the overt narcissism of school-age boys, while the active-responsive parenting of mothers influenced the overt narcissism of school-age girls. Also, the active-responsive and active-restrictive parenting of mothers influenced the covert narcissism of school-age boys, while the active-responsive and passive-permissive parenting of mothers influenced the overt narcissism of school-age girls. (4) The active-restrictive parenting of mothers was the most powerful factor in the overt/covert narcissism of school-age boys and the covert narcissism of school-age girls.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.211-228
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• 2020

The purpose of this study aims to analyze the comparative effects of luxury consumption behavior for Chinese consumers. Many research have been conducted in luxury consumption behavior based on perspective of culture, brand, and purchase motives. However, previous studies seem somewhat limited in fully explaining luxury consumption behavior due to less understanding of consumers' psychological trait. In order to fill this gap, this study adopts narcissism (overt narcissism and covert narcissism) to explain consumers' psychological trait. Based on specific psychological trait, consumers would lead to different luxury purchasing behavior depending on purchase motives. Especially, overt narcissism would show high tendency of self-esteem, arrogance, which means that it is closely related to need for uniqueness. Conversely, covert narcissism would show high sensitivity to others, which indicate that it is involved with need for approval. Also, each narcissism would result in different behavior for luxury purchasing based on generation difference (20-30s, vs. 40-50s). The result of this study shows that overt narcissism, covert narcissism, need for uniqueness, need for approval have significant influence on luxury consumption behavior. Especially, overt narcissism has interaction effect with need for uniqueness and young generation (in the 20s, 30s) for luxury purchasing behavior. On the other hand, it was found that covert narcissism has no interaction effect with other variables.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.35-49
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between covert/overt narcissism, self-control, and peers' vulgar slang use and school aged boys' and girls' vulgar slang use. The subjects consisted of 263 boys and 256 girls in the 5th and 6th grades attending elementary schools located in Daegu and Gyeongbuk Province. The data collected were analyzed by means of t-test, paired t-test, Pearson's correlation, simple regression, multiple regression, using the SPSS Win 19.0. The results were as follows. 1) School aged boys' and girls' vulgar slang was found to positively associated with covert/overt narcissism. 2) School aged boys' and girls' vulgar slang use was found to be negatively associated with self-control. 3) School aged boys' and girls' vulgar slang use was found to be positively associated with peers' vulgar slang use 4) Among the variables of covert/overt narcissism, self-control, and peers' vulgar slang use, peers' vulgar slang use was the best predictor for school aged boys' and girls' vulgar slang use.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.8
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• pp.67-76
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• 2010

The major purpose of this study was to explore mediating effects of narcissism on the relationship between paternal maternal psychological control, over-expectation, and adolescent aggression. This study's participants were 678 boys and girls selected from second and third graders at middle schools in Busan. The major findings were as follows. First, there were gender differences in paternal psychological control, fathers' over-expectation, mothers' over-expectation, and adolescents' overt aggression. Second, boys' overt aggression indirectly affected fathers' psychological control and mothers' over-expectation through boys' narcissism. Third, girls' relational aggression indirectly affected fathers' psychological control and mothers' over-expectation through girls' narcissism and directly affected fathers' psychological control. Finally, girls' overt relational aggression indirectly affected fathers' and mothers' over-expectation through girls' narcissism.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.564-576
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• 2020

The study aims to verify the influence of overt narcissism and covert narcissism in adolescents upon Interpersonal Relationship through self-concept clarify. Regular middle school students were surveyed over the period from November 4 to 22, 2019. A total of 470 questionnaires were used in the analysis for this study. The data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0 statistics suites. The study results are as follows. First, the covert and overt narcissism of adolescents had a negative impact on the self-concept clarity. Second, the self-concept clarity of adolescents had a positive impact on interpersonal relationships. Third, the covert and overt narcissism of adolescents had a negative impact on interpersonal relationships. Fourth, in the relationship between adolescent overt/ covert narcissism and interpersonal relationship, self-concept clarity all had a significant mediating effect. This research has empirically demonstrated the influence of the self-concept clarity upon interpersonal relationship in relation to the overt and covert narcissism of adolescents, so that the study findings provide a wider understanding of the adolescents who have difficulties with Interpersonal Relationships while helping enhance expertise in the counseling and education curriculum based on the characteristics of narcissists.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.111-124
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• 2010

The major purpose of this study was to explore mediating effects of narcissism between perceived popularity and aggression in adolescence. The subjects who participated in this study were 783 middle school students based in Busan. The results indicated that perceived popularity and narcissism were positively correlated to overt and relational aggression. The effects of perceived popularity on overt and relational aggression was perfectly mediated by narcissism. Athletic and fighting abilities were more important for boys' perceived popularity, but active involvement in social activity and appearance were more important for girls' perceived popularity. It was further observed that having a good sense of humour was the most important determinant of perceived popularity, irrespective of gender.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.615-630
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• 2016

This study investigates the mediate effects of obesity stress on the relationship between the narcissism and clothing behavior related appearance. The subjects for the study were 322 women aged 20's-30's in an online survey. Data analyses were conducted with SPSS 18.0 program. The study results are as follows. First, clothing behavior and obesity stress of plus size consumers are more affected by perceived obesity than BMI, and covert narcissistic tendency is stronger than overt narcissistic tendency. Second, the factor analysis results on narcissistic tendency indicated 'self-enhancement narcissism', 'self-initiative narcissism', and 'other-dependent narcissism'. Third, 'self-enhancement narcissism' more influenced 'fashion orientation' versus the greater influence of 'self-initiative narcissism' and 'other-dependent narcissism' on 'depending on clothing'. Fourth, the narcissistic tendency perceived by plus size consumers affect 'depending on clothing' and 'fashion orientation' with obesity stress as the mediator. 'Self-enhancement narcissism' and 'self-initiative narcissism' are partially mediated by obesity stress, and 'other-dependent narcissism' are completely mediated and affect appearance management behavior.

• The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.97-113
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• 2011

The current study was conducted to explore the relations among college students' narcissistic personality, depression, and psychopathy. This study investigated how narcissistic personality and depression variables relate to psychopathy variables. For this purpose, an assessment battery consisting of Narcissistic Personality Inventory(NPI), Narcissistic Personality Disorder Scale: NPDS), BDI, Self-Reported Psychopathy Scale(SRPS), and Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised. PPI-R was administered to 1003 college students (501 males and 502 females). For comparison with the levels of pathological narcissism, the participants were devided two groups( above 33%, below 33% ) based on their scores of the NPDS, According to the results, males had more overt narcissistic personality, and females felt more depressive and psychopathic. The higher level group on the NPDS had higher scores on the NPI, BDI, SRPS and PPI-R. The students' narcissistic personality had relations to depression and psychopathy, but the results were different according to the kind of inventories(PPI-R or SRPS, NPI or NPDS). The implications and limitations of this study, as well as some suggestions for future research, were suggested.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.947-959
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• 2009

This study aims to analyze contemporary women's sense of fashion aesthetic by looking into the design and trend of T-panties, which have now carved out a new niche in the world's 21st century female underwear markets. By this, I'd like to reassure readers of the importance of T-panties, which has only been recently recognized, and more generally suggests the future direction of prominent T-panty design development. First, western urban chic, Japanese minimalism and domestic modern feminine images all have common modern urban sense and simple designs. However, each image is not a simple image in itself. For example, in the case of western style they often seek to convey a sophisticated and stylish street sense, while Koreans add a more cute, lovely, and feminine touch. Second, western restrained eroticism, Japanese fetishism and domestic mono-bosom images all have a common interest in sex. They is something, however, which they all express this differently. In Japan, they prefer a stimulating image. In the West, however, this is restrained by controlling and limiting overt sexual elements, while in Korea, we seek to capture a more simple sensual beauty. Third, western couture luxury, Japanese orientalism and Korean utopia narcissism have classy images in common including splendid materials and decorations with embroidery. They all differ depending on their nationality. This study is baseds on the documents study. This study is baseds on the documents study.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.33-44
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• 2017

The ultimate purpose of psychotherapy is to identify covert causes of a psychological problem and then to modify and change the causes. The goal of this study is also to make contribution to SNS addiction intervention program development through exploring the covert causes of SNS addiction which recently became social issue. Previous research identified such overt causes of SNS addiction as maladaptive self-concept (e.g., low self-esteem), maladaptive personality (e.g., strong narcissism) and strong negative emotions (e.g., high level of anxiety). Based on previous research, the study explored early maladaptive schema (i.e., cognitive dimension) and emotion dysregulation (i.e., emotional dimension) as the covert causes of SNS addiction and conceptually developed psychological maladaptive mechanism of 'early maladaptive schema ${\rightarrow}$ emotion dysregulation ${\rightarrow}$ SNS addiction.' As a result of a survey with respondents in their 20's who are at high risk for SNS addiction, the mechanism was confirmed for females. However, a significant relationship of 'early maladaptive schema ${\rightarrow}$ SNS addiction' was found for males. The findings offer an implication that interventions of early maladaptive schema for males and females in their 20's and interventions of emotion dysregulation for females in their 20's can fundamentally help cure their SNS addiction.