• Title/Summary/Keyword: PA

Search Result 4,417, Processing Time 0.037 seconds

An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Pantothenic Acid (판토텐산의 분석을 위한 효소면역측정법)

  • Shon, Dong-Hwa;Park, Youn-Sick;Bae, Gun-Won
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.32 no.5
    • /
    • pp.1009-1014
    • /
    • 2000
  • In order to detect pantothenic acid (PA), conditions for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were established. Anti-PA-BSA antibody was produced from rabbits immunized with PA-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugates which were prepared by the bromoacetyl chloride [Bc] method (PA-BSA[Bc]) and by the periodate oxidation [Po] method (PA-BSA[Po]). PA-BSA[Bc] and PA-BSA[Po] was used as a coating antigen for competitive indirect(ci)ELISA. The Anti-PA-BSA[Po] antibody on ciELISA showed no competitive reaction. The detection limit of PA by ciELISA using Anti-PA-BSA[Bc] antibody was 1 ppm. The Anti-PA-BSA[Bc] antibody showed little cross-reactivity to PA derivatives such as pantoyllactone, pantetheine, pantothenyl alcohol, and acetyl CoA. The detection limit of PA by microbiological assay (MBA) was 10 ppb. Assay recoveries of PA in egg, cow's liver, and lettuce by ciELISA were 109, 64, and 344%, respectively, comparing with the MBA results.

  • PDF

The Effect of Soil Water Content during at Fruit Ripening Stage on Yield and Quality in Musk melon (머스크멜론의 과실성숙기 토양수분이 수량과 품질에 미치는 영향)

  • 권준국;이재한;엄영철;김회태;최영하;박동금
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
    • /
    • v.7 no.4
    • /
    • pp.330-335
    • /
    • 1998
  • To investigate the effect of soil water control on yield and quality of musk melon in plastic film house, irrigation points were treated with -10, -20, -30, -50 and -100 kPa by 10mm dripping each time at fruit developing and ripening stage, respectively. Fresh weight of stem and leaves was not significant among irrigation points, but percentage of dry matter was highest at -100kPa and lowest at -10kPa. Marketable yield was not different among -50kPa, -100kPa, -30kPa and -20kPa and lowest at -10kPa. Sugar content of the flesh fruit at ripening stage was 15.1 $^。/Brix at -50kPa and 14.4 $^。/Brix at -10kPa Therefore, optimum irrigation point at ripening stage of fruit is -50kPa by 10mm dripping each time. time.

  • PDF

Controlled Release and Bioavailability of Piracetam (피라세탐의 방출조절 및 생체이용률)

  • Kang, Chin-Yang;Lee, Kyung-Tae;Seo, Seong-Hoon
    • Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
    • /
    • v.28 no.2
    • /
    • pp.109-113
    • /
    • 1998
  • This study is purposed to develop the sustained release and bioavailability of piracetam (PA). The use of alginate beads as a means to achieve sustained release of piracetam was evaluated in comparison with that of piracetam alone. In the PA-sodium alginate(SA) beads was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry thermogram(DSC), indicating a relative shift of an endometric peak of PA to higher temperature. The changes in dissolution rates from PA-SA beads and PASA beads coated by chitosan(CHO) were significantly slower than that of intact PA. The release rate of PA-SA in the gastric fluid was markedly decreased compared with that in the intestinal fluid, suggesting that PA is mostly released in the intestinal fluid. However, the PA/SA ratio scarcely affected the release profile. The blood concentration- time curves of PA, PA-SA and PA-SA-CHO were obtained by oral administration to rats. $T_{max}$ of PA, PA-SA and PA-SA-CHO were 1, 10 and 6 hours, respectively. It was confirmed that the release of PA was prolonged by the formulation of PA-SA beads and PA-SA-CHO beads.

  • PDF

Effects of Cumulus Cells and Follicular Fluid on Plasminogen Activator Activity during In Vitro Maturation of Porcine Oocytes

  • Ann Ji-Young;Sa Soo-Jin;Cao Yang;Lee Sang-Young;Cheon Hee-Tae;Yang Boo-Keun;Park Choon-Keun
    • Reproductive and Developmental Biology
    • /
    • v.30 no.2
    • /
    • pp.135-141
    • /
    • 2006
  • The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of cumulus cells and porcine follicular fluid (pFF) on plasminogen activator (PA) activity and oocytes maturation in vitro in the pig. The cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) and denuded oocytes (DOs) were incubated in NCSU-23 medium with or without 10% pFF for 0, 24, or 48 hr. In the presence of cumulus cells, the proportions of oocytes matured to metaphase-II stage were significantly (P<0.05) higher in medium with pFF than without pFF (69.8 vs. 37.7%, respectively). When COCs and DOs were cultured in the presence of pFF, tissue-type PA (tPA), urokinase-type PA (uPA), and tPA-PA inhibitor (tPA-PAI) were observed in COCs, and PA activities were higher at 48 hr than 24 hr. When COCs and DOs were cultured in the absence of pFF, tPA and tPA-PAI were observed in COCs, and PA activities were increased as duration of culture increased. No PA activities were detected in DOs regardless of pFF supplementation. When porcine oocytes were cultured in the presence of pFF for 24 and 48 hrs, the activities of tPA-PAI, tPA, and uPA were observed in both COCs and DOs. In medium of absence of pFF, PA activities were observed in oocytes with cumulus cells only. On the other hand, three plasminogen-dependent lytic bands (tPA-PAI, tPA, and uPA) were observed in pFF cultures. Particularly uPA activity was higher than the other kinds of PA activity. When oocytes and cumulus cells were separated from porcine COCs at 0 hr of culture, tPA-PAI, tPA, and uPA were detected in cumulus cells at 48 hr of culture, but no PA activities were in DOs. The presence of pFF and cumulus cells in maturation medium stimulated not only nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation in porcine COCs, but also PA production by cumulus cells and COCs. It is possible that PAs produced by cumulus cells migrated through the gap junction between oocyte and cumulus cells. These results suggest that porcine oocytes have no ability to produce PA themselves.

A Study on Color Code Control Connected with Sound Source and Sensitivity of PA Speaker facility attachable LED Patch (PA스피커 시설물 부착형 LED패치의 음원감성 연계형 컬러코드 제어에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Youngmin;Shin, Jaekwon;Cha, Jaesang
    • Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
    • /
    • v.10 no.3
    • /
    • pp.22-25
    • /
    • 2015
  • This paper performs Color Code Control Connected with Sound Source and Sensitivity of PA Speaker facility attachable LED patch. PA speaker delivers the technology to control the color code of LED patch along the present PA speakers for the facility-attached, LED the development of the patch. PA speakers facility attachable color code control technology of LED patch detects the sound from the PA speaker using a check, and if the analog signal source is detected (sound source)by converting the digital signal passes to the main controller can control the color and pattern of LED patches. In this paper, based on the PA speakers LED color control system, sound emotional linkage-type, and follow the lead of the PA speakers through the feelings can effectively channel LED linked to the source type and proceed to experiment with color and emotion control, whether or not they offer via the color control technology LED patch availability. PA speaker facility attachble color code control technology of LED patch connected with the source and future research directions in the field, and as the application is expected to be able to be widely utilized.

Characteristics of protein from red crab (Chionoecetes japonicus) shell by commercial proteases (효소적 가수분해에 의한 홍게껍질 단백질의 특성)

  • Noh, Kyung-Hee;Min, Kwan-Hee;Seo, Bo-Young;Kim, So-Hee;Seo, Young-Wan;Song, Young-Sun
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
    • /
    • v.45 no.5
    • /
    • pp.429-436
    • /
    • 2012
  • This study was performed to examine the characteristics of protein of red crab (Chionoecetes japonicus) shell powder hydrolyzed by commercial proteases. Red crab shell was digested by commercial proteases, such as Protamex (P), Neutrase (N), Flavourzyme (F), Alcalase (A), Protease M (PM) and Protease A (PA). Protein yield analyzed by Biuret assay, absorbance at 280 nm and brix revealed that PA was the enzyme having the highest proteolytic activity. SDS PAGE showed that molecular weight of proteins produced by protease treatments was various and below 150 kDa. Combinational treatment of proteases (PA + P, PA + PM, PA + F, PA + A) was tried whether these increase protein hydrolysis from red crab shell powder compared to a PA single treatment. Soluble protein content was similar, but amino acid concentration by combinational treatments was higher than PA single treatment [PA + P 247.4 mg/g > PA + F (206.4 mg/g) > PA + A (133.4 mg/g) > PA + PM (59.1 mg/g) > PA (54.9 mg/g)]. Amino acid composition by combinational treatments was slightly different. Most abundant essential amino acids were phenylalanine, glycine, alanine, and leucine, whereas tyrosine and cystine were not detected.

Effect of Soil Water Content on the Yield and Quality of Plastic Greenhouse Oriental Melon during Low Temperature Season (토양수분조건이 시설재배 참외의 수량과 품질에 미치는 영향)

  • 박동금;권준국;이재한;엄영철;김회태;최영하
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
    • /
    • v.9 no.3
    • /
    • pp.151-155
    • /
    • 2000
  • In order to investigate the optimum irrigation point by soil water tension in oriental melon grown in plastic greenhouse during low temperature season, irrigation points from 10 days before fruiting to 10 days before harvesting were examined with 10, 20, 30 and 50 kPa, respectively. Total amount of water applied was 92.5mm at 10kPa but not irrigated at 50kPa due to the unreach of irrigation point. Fruit weight increased with increased soil water content; it was 456g at 10kPa but 324g at 50kPa. While marketable yield of fruit was lowest at 10 kPa due to increased fermented fruit. Sugar content in fruit was highest at 30 or 50 kPa but lowest at 10kPa. As a result, for higher sugar content and marketable yield, the recommended irrigation point is 30kPa of soil water tension.

  • PDF

Moisture Contents Setting according to Growth Stages of when the Cultivation of Gastrodia elata in Indoor Facilities (천마 실내시설재배 시 생육단계별 수분함량 설정)

  • Kim, Chang Su;Kim, Hyo Jin;Seo, Sang Young;Ahn, Min Sil;Kim, Hee Jun;Lee, Wang Hyu
    • Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
    • /
    • 2018.10a
    • /
    • pp.77-77
    • /
    • 2018
  • 천마(Gastrodia elata)는 연중생산을 위해 실내시설 재배 시 생육모델을 구죽하고, 생육단계에 따른 온도, 수분, $CO_2$ 등 환경 조건 설정이 필요하다. 본 연구는 천마의 생육단계 중 괴경형성기와 괴경비대기의 수분함량을 설정하여 최적의 환경조건을 찾기 위해 수행하였다. 먼저 괴경형성기 수분함량 공급은 괴경형성기에 -20kPa, -30kPa, -40kPa로 처리하여 120일간 배양한 뒤, 괴경비대기를 -40kPa로 고정하여 60일간 배양하였다. 반면, 괴경비대기 수분함량 공급은 괴경형성기를 -30kPa로 고정하여 120일간 배양한 뒤 괴경비대기에 -20kPa, -30kPa, -40kPa, -50kPa로 처리하여 60일간 배양하였다. Tensiometer(토양수분장력계)기를 설치하여 수분을 공급하였고, FDR센서 (UbiMas, CoCo sensor, Frequency domain reflectometry type)를 배양토의 깊이 5 cm와 15 cm에 2개를 설치하여 평균값으로 수분함량을 측정하였으며, 전체수량, 성마율, 종마율 등을 조사하였다. FDR센서로 수분함량을 측정한 결과, -20 kPa은 43.3%, -30 kPa은 34.7%, -40 kPa은 29.8%, -50 kPa은 25.3%로 측정되었다. 괴경형성기 수분함량 처리 후 수확기의 상자 당 전체수량은 -30 kPa일 때 985 g으로 가장 많았고, -40 kPa일 때 912 g, -20 kPa일 때 703 g으로 처리간의 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 성마율은 수분함량처리별 각각 25, 34, 30% 이었고, 종마율은 수분함량처리별 각각 53, 73, 65%로 나타났다. 따라서 -30 kPa 처리구가 다른 처리구에 비해 전체수량, 성마율, 종마율 등이 유의적으로 우수하였다. 괴경비대기 수분 함량 처리 후 수확기의 상자 당 전체수량은 -40 kPa일 때 992 g으로 가장 많았고, -50 kPa일 때 955 g, -30 kPa일 때 903 g, -20 kPa일 때 686 g 순으로 나타났다. -30 kPa에서 -50 kPa 사이에서는 전체 수량의 유의성 차이는 없었다. 성마율은 수분함량처리별 각각 20, 30, 35, 33%이었고, 종마율은 수분함량처리별 각각 45, 65, 75, 68%로 나타났다. 따라서 -40 kPa 처리구가 다른 처리구에 비해 전체수량, 성마율, 종마율 등이 유의적으로 우수하였다. 반면 -20 kPa 처리구는 과도한 수분으로 천마가 오히려 부패될 수 있는 환경조건이 조성됨에 따라 성마율, 종마율 등 전체적인 수량 감소에 영향을 미친 것으로 판단되었다.

  • PDF

Expression of Plasminogen Activators in Uterine Epithelial Cells of Pre-ovulatory Phase in Pigs (돼지의 배란 전 자궁내막 상피세포 내 Plasminogen Activators의 발현)

  • HwangBo, Yong;Lee, Sang-Hee;Cha, Hye-Jin;Song, Eun-Ji;Lee, Seung-Tae;Lee, Eun-Song;Cheong, Hee-Tae;Yang, Boo-Keun;Park, Choon-Keun
    • Journal of Embryo Transfer
    • /
    • v.28 no.3
    • /
    • pp.257-263
    • /
    • 2013
  • The endometrium undergoes a cyclic growth and tissue remodeling as changes of epithelial cells, and plasminogen activators (PAs) are related to endometrium tissue remodeling. This study was to evulate expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in porcine uterine epithelial cells. In results, the uPA and tPA were expressed in uterine tissue, epithelium and secretory glands in porcine endometrial cell. In addition, the uPA and tPA were expressed in cultured epithelial cells, and it were mainly expressed in cytoplasm. In porcine uterine tissue and epithelial cells, uPA activity was higher than activity in tPA. In PAs mRNA expression levels, uPA mRNA level was significantly higher than tPA mRNA level (P<0.05). The fluorescence intensity of uPA protein was also higher than fluorescence intensity of tPA protein, and uPA protein expression was significantly higher than in tPA protein expression (P<0.05). Therefore, we suggest that a physiological function in porcine uterine epithelial cells should be more influenced by uPA than in tPA during pre-ovulatory phase.

Evaluation of Rhizobacterial Isolates for Their Antagonistic Effects against Various Phytopathogenic Fungi (식물 근권에서 분리한 미생물의 식물병원성 진균에 대한 길항효과 검정)

  • Kim, Yun Seok;Kim, Sang woo;Lamsal, Kabir;Lee, Youn Su
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
    • /
    • v.44 no.1
    • /
    • pp.36-47
    • /
    • 2016
  • This study was conducted to evaluate five different strains of rhizobacterial isolates viz. PA1, PA2, PA4, PA5 and PA12 for biological control against Colletotrichum acutatum, C. coccodes, C. gloeosporioides, C. dematium, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia minor and Fusarium sp. In vitro inhibition assay was performed on three different growth mediums, potato dextrose agar (PDA), tryptic soy agar (TSA), and PDA-TSA (1:1 v/v) for the selection of potential antagonistic isolates. According to the result, isolate PA2 showed the highest inhibitory effect with 65.5% against C. coccodes on PDA and with 96.5% against S. minor on TSA. However, the same isolate showed the highest inhibition with 58.5% against C. acutatum on PDA-TSA. In addition, an in vivo experiment was performed to evaluate these bacterial isolates for biological control against fungal pathogens. Plants treated with bacteria were analyzed with phytopathogens and plants inoculated with phytopathogens were treated with isolates to determine the biological control effect against fungi. According to the result, all five isolates tested showed inhibitory effects against phytopathogens at various levels. Mode of action of these rhizobacterial isolates was evaluated with siderophore production, protease assay, chitinase assay and phosphate solubilizing assay. Bacterial isolates were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing, which showed that isolates PA1 and PA2 belong to Bacillus subtilis, whereas, PA4, PA5, and PA12 were identified as Bacilus altitudinis, Paenibacillus polymyxa and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, respectively. Results of the current study suggest that rhizobacterial isolates can be used for the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) effect as well as for biological control of various phytopathogens.