• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.131-132
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• 2009

마산만을 대상으로 하여 연안환경 중의 PAHs의 거동을 STELLA프로그램을 이용하여 파악하였다. 상태변수로는 용존 PAHs, 부유입자물질 중의 PAHs, 식물플랑크톤 내의 PAHs, 저질중의 PAHs 둥을 고려하였다. 화학적, 생물학적 과정으로는 용존 PAHs에서 광분해, 부유입자물질에서 흡착과 탈착, 식물플랑크톤에 의한 흡수 및 분비와 퇴적물로의 침강을 고려하였다. STELLA 프로그램을 이용하여 모델을 재현하였으며, 민감도 분석을 시행하였다. 또한 하천 및 대기로부터의 유입부하변동에 따른 현상황을 시나리오를 구성하여 시행하였다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.57-66
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• 2001

Marine organisms such as fish (Sebastes schlegeli) and mussels were cultured in sea water tanks placed at Dukpo area which was contaminated by the two oil spill accidents. Results showed that PAHs concentrations in flesh tissue were higher than in fish fiver. This was explained by the cytochrome P45O 1A induction in fish limier after PAHs exposure. Other studies showed that higher PAHs levels were detected in mussels cultures in oil contaminated area than in control site. From these results, we concluded that Dukpo area is still polluted by oil including PAHs and it takes a long time to recover of oil contamination after the oil spill accidents.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.242-249
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• 2007

Deposition fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured at the Chonbuk National University located in Jeonju between June and November 2002. Fluxes of gaseous and particulate PAHs were separately obtained using a water surface sampler (WSS) and a dry deposition plate (DDP). Most of PAHs were deposited in the gaseous form since the low molecular weight PAHs dominates in the atmosphere. The deposition velocity of particulate PAHs was higher than that of gaseous PAHs when the molecular weight was low, but substantially decreased as the fine particle fraction increased with molecular weight. The deposition velocity was generally higher at high wind speeds. However, increase in the deposition velocity in unstable atmospheric conditions was also observed for gaseous PAHs of intermediate molecular weight.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.131-132
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• 1999

PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons)는 연료나 폐기물의 불완전 연소의 부산물로써 얻어지는데, 이런 PAHs 중의 많은 물질이 인체에 해로운 유해성 물질로 규제되고 있다. 특히, Benzo(a)pyrene은 발암성 물질로 잘 알려진 PAHs 화합물이다. PAHs의 이러한 독극성 또는 유해성으로 인하여 최근 이들 물질에 대한 대기중 거동과 침착특성에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있다.(중략)

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.574-582
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• 2012

This study presents the concentrations of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) listed as priority pollutants by United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), in 98 sludges from 54 industrial wastewater treatment facilities of South Korea. The mean concentrations of ${\Sigma}_{16}PAHs$ were ranged from 32.5 ${\mu}g/kg-dw$ to 1189.3 ${\mu}g/kg-dw$ by industries, and the highest content was found in the petrochemical industry, followed by chemical, clothing manufacturing and dying, pulp and papermaking, secondary wastewater treatment, and food/beverage producing industries. Comparisons to the EU and Danish standards of ${\Sigma}_{16}PAHs$ in sewage sludge for land application showed only two samples (one from petrochemical, and the other from chemical industry) exceeded the limits. ANOVA test with PAH concentrations as variables revealed no statistically significant influences by industrial types and sampling time (i.e., seasonal variations). Pearson correlations between individual PAHs showed strong relationships (r>0.7) among 4-ring PAHs. Concentrations of acenaphthylene, anthracene, fluoranthene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(f)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene presented strong correlations to ${\Sigma}_{16}PAHs$. Principal component analysis discriminated entire samples into three groups by two principal components (PC1 and PC2) with 70% of data variations, in which industrial types were not of importance, but a dominance of certain PAHs. Samples in group-I, which is high PC1 and low PC2, were characterized by a dominance of 2-ring PAHs, and in group-II, PC1 and PC2 showed a linear relation, was dominant 4-ring PAHs. Group-III with low PC1 and high PC2 includes 17 samples showing a noticeably high contribution of 3-ring PAHs to ${\Sigma}_{16}PAHs$. This study provides concentrations of PAHs in industrial sludges collected from a wide variety of sources (six industrial types) and two seasons of sampling events, and the comparison of ${\Sigma}_{16}PAHs$ with other studies are also discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.146-151
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• 2004

Cyclodextrin compounds including 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin(β-HPCD) though to be accelerate the biodegradation of PAHs molecule by increasing solubility of PAHs through detaining PAHs in their's cavity. However, only this mechanism is not sufficient to explain the enhancement of PAHs biodegradation by β-HPCD. To find out possible additional role of β-HPCD in the enhancement of PAHs biodegradation, biodegradation rates of pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) by a PAHs degrading Novosphingobium pentaromtivorans US6-1 strain were compared between with and without addition of β-HPCD. Changes of bacterial biomass were also measured simultaneously. In addition catechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity was determined depending on pre-incubation conditions. As a result, β-HPCD accelerate the degradation rate of pyrene by strain US6-1 and especially the β-HPCD amendment was obligatory for the degradation of B[a]p. Bacterial biomass was responsible for β-HPCD, however, PAHs compounds such as pyrene and B[a]P did not contribute to the bacterial biomass. Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase specific activity of US6-l cells pre-cultured in MM2 medium containing l％ β-HPCD was higher than that of cells pre-cultured in ZoBell medium. The former case also showed similar activity compared to that of cells serially starved in MM2 medium after grown in ZoBell medium. These results imply that the presence of β-HPCD accelerate the degradation of PAHs by increasing the bacterial biomass as well as by increasing the water solubility of PAHs.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.355-361
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• 2009

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental carcinogenic compounds that arise by several means including food processing methods such as smoking and direct drying and cooking. This study examined the concentration of PAHs in sesame oils with various roasting temperatures (190, 220 and $250^{\circ}C$), methods (direct heating vs. indirect hot air heating), and times (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 min). The PAHs in the sesame oils were analyzed using liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase clean up (Florisil), followed by HPLC with fluorescence detection. According to the results, mean levels of total PAHs increased when the sesame oils were roasted at increasing temperatures and times. The sesame oil roasted at $250^{\circ}C$ for 25 min had the highest mean value of total PAHs (4.66 ${\mu}g$/kg). The results of this study suggest that the indirect hot air roasting method decreased PAH formation during sesame oil processing.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.179-192
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• 2001

In order to characterize the distribution patterns of PAHs between Yellow Sand (YS) and non-Yellow Sand(NYS) periods, we collected and analyzed aerosol samples for PAHs for the periods covering 28 March through 24 April 2000. The concentrations of TSP measured during the YS periods were approximately two times higher than the NYS periods. By contrast, the concentrations of PAHs during YS were higher than those of NYS by 140%. In ad-dition, their concentrations in PM 10 were larger than those TSP by 120% . Detailed inspections of our data indi-catd that three species including chrysene. benzo(b)fluoranthene, and benzo(k)fluoranthene were effeciently ad-sorbed by particles less than 10${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ diameter and that there were dominating the distribution characterstics of PAHs during the YS periods. Results of correlation analysis also indicated that PAHs exhibited strong correlations with those pollutants originating from combustion sources. It is thus concluded that pollutants such as toxic PAHs that originate from diverse anthropogenic sources of China should be contributing to the degradation of the ambient air quality in Seoul.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 1999

Surface sediment samples collected from the eastern half of the Yellow Sea proper in 1998 were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), ubiquitous pollutants. Total PAHs concentrations varied from 1.0 to $320.5ng\;g^{-1}$ dw. Relatively high concentrations of PAHs were found in the muddy central part of the Yellow Sea. Sedimentary total PAHs concentrations in the Yellow Sea proper were similar to those of Californian offshores and the central Mediterranean Sea, albeit an order of magnitude lower than the Yellow Sea nearshore areas. Phenanthene/Anthracene concentration ratio of PAHs in bottom sediments suggested that pyrolytic PAHs might be dominant over petrogenic ones in the eastern Yellow Sea. Downcore depth distributions of PAHs from the relatively undisturbed core samples of the central Yellow Sea showed decreasing PAHs concentrations with core depths and suggested that the Yellow Sea has been increasingly exposed to PAH for decades. Annual total PAH flux to these sediments was estimated to be $166{\mu}gm^{-2}yr^{-1}$ in the central part of the Yellow Sea for the recent decade.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.19 no.E2
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• pp.89-97
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• 2003

Ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured during the winter and summer of 2002 in Chongju. A filter pack and polyurethane foam (PUF) system was employed to collect simultaneously the particulate and gas phase PAHs. The samples were then analyzed using a gas chromatograph equipped with mass spectrometer detectors (GC/MSD). A total of 29 samples were collected and 11 PAH species were identified. The lower molecular weight PAH compounds (3∼4 rings) dominated the total PAH mass. The higher molecular weight PAH compounds (5∼6 rings) were less abundant. The PAHs were showed to exhibit seasonal variations. The concentrations of all com-pounds were significantly higher in winter than summer. The lower molecular weight PAHs were mostly found in the gas phase whereas the heavier ones were mainly associated with particulate phase. Vehicle emissions are likely to be the primary contributor of PAHs in Chongju. This study also demonstrated that it is necessary to perform simultaneously particulate and gas phase measurements to determine the accurate concentrations of ambient PAHs.