• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2005

All 209 PCB congeners were analyzed in cheese produced in Korea and Canada. 5 Korean and 10 Canadian cheeses were purchased in supermarket in their native countries. 93 PCB congeners were found in Korean cheese; 83 congeners were detected in Canadian cheese. Total PCB concentrations were 299.81 and 200.96 pg/g w.w. in Korean and Canadian cheeses respectively; PCB concentration was 1.5 times higher in Korean than Canadian cheese. Korean TEQ concentration (0.0067 pg-TEQ/g w.w.) in cheese was similar to in Canadian cheese (0.0064 pg-TEQ/g w.w.). These PCB concentrations range was low level compared with that of other cheeses globally. The correlation coefficient $(R^2)$ of regression was high (0.752) between each PCB congener concentration in both Korean and Canadian cheese.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 1999

This study was conducted to measure the residual PCBs in sediments of 4 great rivers in Korea by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. From the results, PCBs were positively detected in all samples. The residue levels of total PCBs in sediments in near of SS and OS were $290.87{\mu}g/kg$ and $221.11{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. The PCBs contamination may be in association with total organic compound (TOC) in sediments. Congener 66, 74, 90, 101, 105, 110, 118, 138, 149, 153, 180, 187 as IUPAC No were predominant species found in sediments and the polyCBs detected most aboundantly in sediments were tetraCBs and pentaCBs. From the study, it appears that the PCBs contamination in sediments of 4 great rivers is not serious and the analysis from enough many sites is needed for the next survey.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.251-259
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• 2009

This study was conducted to measure the concentration of PCBs in pine needles and soil in urban (Seoul, many artificial sources of PCBs), semi-rural (Anseong, small town located below Seoul in wind direction) and rural areas (Jincheon, rarely artificial sources of PCBs) in which the artificial production amount of PCBs are different. The total PCBs concentrations in pine needles, which did not show big difference in three sampling sites, were 107.5 pg/g (urban), 94.8 pg/g (semi-rural) and 78.8 pg/g (rural) respectively. The low chlorinated PCBs were major component in pine needles and the PCBs congener concentration profile of each sampling area were similar each other, and the octanol-air partitioning coefficient, Koa, highly correlated with the PCBs concentrations in pine needles. The total PCBs concentrations in soil which did show big difference in three sampling sites, were 830.0 pg/g (urban), 314.1 pg/g (semi-rural) and 136.5 pg/g (rural) respectively. The high chlorinated PCBs were major component in soil and the PCBs congener concentration profile of each sampling area were similar each other. There was no similarity between the PCBs concentration of pine needles and those of soil at each site, because of the different mechanism of deposition and volatilization processes of PCBs. The total PCBs concentrations of 2009 became 12.9 times lower than those of 2001. The reduce rate of PCB 28 was the greatest.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.347-354
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• 2004

We collected crucians (Carassius auratus) and leopard frogs(Rana pipiens) along the Nakdong River and the basin area at five locations from Koomi to Nakdong-estuary. The muscular tissue were separated and a GC-MSD system was used for quantification of PCBs. The 62 PCB congeners which represent total PCB levels were selected as analytes. We determined concentrations of PCBs and studied distribution characteristics by individual congeners and homologs. In the crucian, 24 congeners were detected and total PCB levels ranged from 0.74 to 5.41 ng/g wet weight. In the leopard frog, however, only 2 congeners were detected from Nakdong estuary only. The PCB level was 0.24 ng/g wet weight, around 22 times lower than the crucians. The PCB 153 showed the highest concentrations in the congeners and penta- and hexa-CBs showed the strong predominance which accounted for 78% of the total PCBs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.94.2-94.2
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• 2008

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.249-258
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• 2008

Historical emission data for 11 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and a regional multimedia environmental model, CoZMo-POP 2, were used to predict air concentrations and congener patterns in Korea. The total emission value for South Korea was allocated to sub-provinces and cities based on their population. The spatial distribution of PCB emissions was generally correlated with that of measured atmospheric levels, suggesting that population could be a good surrogate for the intensity of PCB emission in Korea. The simulated time trends of air concentrations well reflected those of emission with a peak in the mid-1970s and insignificant levels in the 2030s. The model predicted that the contribution of volatile PCBs had increased after emission reduction iii the 1970s. This trend would continue until the early 2030s. The measured and modeled PCB levels in the 2000s were in an agreement of an order of magnitude, and their congener patterns were very similar. Consequently, despite of high uncertainty for emission estimates, the emission data for Korea used in this study is considered to be reliable. The results of this study could be compared with simulation data based on a new emission inventory to be developed by measurements in the near future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.99-107
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• 1998

전 세계에서 다양한 환경 매체를 통해 광범위하게 검출되고 있는 대표적 환경오염물질 (environmental pollutants)인 polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)의 국내 4대강 주요 하천 저니토양과 모공단 하천수 및 저니토중 오염도를 각 congener별로 또는 총량으로서 GC/MS 를 사용하여 정량하였다. 그 결과 4대강의 주요 지천중 낙동강의 사상공단근처의 저니토에서 총 PCBs가 가장 높은 290.87$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg이었고 한강의 왕숙천도 비교적 높은 221.l1$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg이었다. 모공단 하천수 및 저니토 중 PCBs를 분석한 결과 전 시료에서 검출되었으며 하천수 및저니토에서의 총 PCBs 농도(mean$\pm$S.D.)는 0.1069$\pm$0.0179$\mu\textrm{g}$/L 및 908.80$\pm$462.30$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg였으며, 이때 저니토에서의 농축계수는 0.85$\times$$10^4$였다. 저니토중 총 유기물함량과 저니토중 PCBs 잔류량의 조사에서 서로간 상관관계 (상관계수=0.7084)가 있음을 알 수 있었으나 PCBs 배출원에 의한 영향이 커서 정확한 상관관계를 얻기가 어려웠다. Congener-specific analysis에 의해 하천수 및 저니토 시료에서 공통적으로 검출된 대표적 congener는 52, 95, 101, 99,87, 110, 118, 149, 153, 138, 180 였다. 본 연구결과 하천수에서는 triCBs와 tetraCBs 가 비교적 높은 농도로 검출되었던 반면 저니토에서는 hexaCBs 및 heptaCBs가 다른 poylCBs에 비해 비교적 높은 농도로 검출되었다. 이상의 연구결과를 통해 모공단 하천수 및 저니토가 PCBs에 의해 심하게 오염되어 있음을 알 수 있고 국내의 주요 하천의 경우도 계속적인 모니터링이 필요함을 알 수 있다.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.263-271
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• 2006

The levels of total PCBs, Co-PCBs and PCDD/Fs in the transformer insulation oil samples obtained using GC/ECD and HRGC/HRMS were ranged from N.D. to 77.3 ppm, from 0.0863 to 2.49 ppm and from N.D. to 0.00241 ppm, respectively. In terms of WHO-TEQ values, Co-PCBs and PCDD/Fs were ranged from 23.3 to 600 pgTEQ/g and from N.D. to 128 pgTEQ/g, respectively (${\Sigma}Co$-PCBs+PCDD/Fs concentration was calculated 24.4~728 pgTEQ/g). Although, the contribution of PCDD/Fs was below 12% in total TEQ concentration, it is suggested contamination of PCDD/Fs in transformer insulation oils. Among 10 samples, 4 samples showed higher concentration than 2 ppm (specific waste criterion of Korea) and Aroclor 1242, 1248, 1254 and 1260 was detected in samples as a single or mixture of Aroclor. It was shown reliable relationship between concentration of Co-PCBs and those of PCDD/Fs (p<0.003), however, was not shown between production year of transformer and concentration of PCBs. The distribution pattern of Co-PCB congeners showed that the ratios of mono-ortho substituted congeners were higher than non-ortho substituted congeners. Among that, PCB-118 congener was predominant. In addition, the OCDD congener was predominated in PCDD/Fs congeners as above 53%. Moreover, the congener pattern of Co-PCBs was similar to that of Aroclor as well as ambient air, which suggested that PCBs volatilization from transformer insulation oil affected the pattern of Co-PCBs in ambient air.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.102-102
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• 2008

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.578-584
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• 2003

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) known as environmental contaminants in soil were analyzed by the soil pollution standard process test and the static supercritical $CO_2$ extraction mode. It was shown that the percent average recoveries of PCBs by the soil pollution standard process test were ranged in 25-35% and the corresponding standard deviations were above 10%. In contrast, the percent average recoveries of PCBs by the static supercritical $CO_2$ extraction mode were 2-2.5 times higher and standard deviations were within 7%. These results indicate that static supercritical $CO_2$ extraction mode may be a useful alternative to sample pretreatment certified by the soil pollution standard process test. The increasing supercritical $CO_2$ pressure from 1130 psi to 1996 psi at $40^{\circ}C$ enhanced the recovery of all PCB congeners from soil. However, at same Tc and Pc, the equilibrium time (5 versus 60 minutes) had no effect on the recovery of each PCB congener. Finally, similar PCB recoveries were obtained under the same extraction condition, regardless of the molecular weight and structure (coplanar versus non-coplanar) of PCB congeners.