• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.6 s.165
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• pp.848-858
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• 2007

Sontag and Lee (2004) recently developed an objectively measurable instrument, the Proximity of Clothing to Self(PCS) Scale, which measured the psychological closeness of clothing to self. They validated a 4-factor, 24-item PCS Scale for use with adolescents and identified the need for confirmation of the factor structure with other age groups. This paper extends the work of Sontag and Lee by employing the PCS Scale with older persons, age 65 and over, and reports the validation of a 3-factor, 19-item PCS Scale for older persons. A mail survey was sent to a national random sample of 1,700 older Persons by means of a list purchased from a U.S. survey sampling company in late November 2004. Total usuable number of respondents was 250 with an adjusted response rate of 15.6 percent. Three analytical rounds of confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) to test the construct validity of the PCS Scale were conducted by using AMOS 5.0(Analysis of Moment Structures), one of several structural equation modeling(SEM) programs. Completion of three rounds of the CFA resulted in a 3-factor, 19-item PCS Scale with demonstrated construct validity and reliability for older persons. The three PCS dimensions are clothing in relation to 1) self as structure-process(PCS Dimension 1-2-3 combined), 2) self-esteem-evaluative and affective processes(PCS Dimension 4-5 combined), and 3) body image and body cathexis(PCS Dimension 6). The initially hypothesized 6-factor scale(Sontag & Lee, 2004) was not confirmed for adolescents in their study nor with older persons in this study. In addition, the 4-factor solution for the adolescent group did not hold for older persons. It appears that the self-system of older persons is more integrated than may be true for younger individuals. Recommendations for future testing of construct validity of the PCS Scale are made.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.178-182
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• 2003

In this paper, we designed a loading sleeve monopole operating at PCS and IMT-2000 frequency bands using the structure of the broadband loading sleeve monopole. The length of the designed antenna is lower than that of the helical antenna coupled with a whip used in commercial PCS handsets. The length and diameter of the designed antenna are 38 mm and 8 mm, respectively. The designed loading sleeve monopole is fabricated and investigated experimently. The VSWR is less than 1.5 in the PCS and IMT-2000 frequency bands(1750 MHz~2170 MHz) and gain is 3.5 dBi.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.11B
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• pp.1579-1587
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• 2010

In this paper, we design the PCS(Physical Coding Sublayer) transmitting and receiving module for 400/1000 Ethernet and verify the performance of it through logic simulation. In this work, we defined each function module and internal/external control signals and implemented them using HDL programming language. We also designed 64B/66B encoding/decoding, scrambling/descrambling including operation mode, detection of invalid frames, and multi-lane based distribution/arrangement. It was simulated using ModelSim and verified in terms of the operation and timing according to input data. The simulation result shows that all designed modules in 400/100G Ethernet are correctly performed.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.462-466
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• 2015

Objective : Post-craniotomy seizure (PCS) is reported only rarely. However, our department noted a 433% increase in PCS for a year beginning September 2010, especially after cerebrovascular surgery. Our goal was to identify the cause of our unusual outbreak of PCS. Methods : For almost one year after September 2010, cases of PCS increased significantly in our department. We analyzed 973 patients who had received a major craniotomy between January 2009 and November 2011. We included seizures that occurred only in the first 24 postoperative hours, which we defined as early PCS. After verifying the presence of PCS, we analyzed multiple seizure-provoking factors and their relation to the duration and character of seizure activity. Results : Overall PCS incidence was 7.2% (70/973). Cefazolin (2 g/L saline) was the antibiotic drug used for intraoperative irrigation in 88.4% of the operations, and no PCS occurred without intraoperative cefazolin irrigation. When analyzed by operation type, clipping surgery for unruptured aneurysms was the most frequently associated with PCS (80%). Using logistic regression, only 2 g cefazolin intraoperative irrigation (p=0.024) and unruptured aneurysm clipping surgery (p<0.001) were associated with early PCS. The seizure rate of unruptured aneurysm clipping surgery using 2 g cefazolin intraoperative irrigation was 32.9%. Conclusion : Intraoperative cefazolin irrigation must be avoided in patients undergoing craniotomy, especially for clipping of unruptured aneurysms, because of the increased risk of early PCS.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.37-49
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of competition between Public Health Centers (PHCs) and private clinics (PCs) by examining the number of patients that used PHCs vs. PCs, estimating the total amount of revenue generated from outpatient services at both PHCs and PCs, thereby analyzing the financial impacts on PCs derived from the PHCs. We utilized 2011 National Inpatient Sample data (NIS). Using the 20 table containing general information on each individual claims, we integrate it with the 40 table which contains all the diagnostic codes for each claim. Then, we disaggregate the bundled claims into the original individual claims. Overall, 3.1% of outpatient visits are made at PHCs while the rest was made at the PCs (96.9%). Among the total claim costs of 6.34 billion USD (as of 2011), PHCs occupy 2.0% (124 million USD), and 98.0% are contributed to PCs (6.21 billion USD). The estimated economic losses of PCs due to PHCs are summarized as follow; the maximum potential loss is estimated at 198 million USD in total and 7,099 USD per clinic when we include all patient types; the minimum loss is estimated at 71 million USD in total and 2,540 USD per clinic where Medical Aid recipients and the elderly (aged 65 and over) are excluded. Our results confirm the potential economic effect on PCs due to PHCs providing outpatient services. PCs and PHCs are the most important players providing primary care in Korea. Unnecessary competition between PCs and PHCs is not desirable. Health authorities should carefully examine the healthcare services currently provided by PHCs and their impacts on PCs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.150-154
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• 1998

CDMAPCS 시스템은 Rake 수신기를 이용만 경로 다이버시티를 채택하여 우수한 시스템 향상을 얻을 수 있어 주로 TDMA 시스템에서 적용하고 있는 등화기를 사용할 필요가 없다. 그러나 CDMA PCS 시스템의 역방향 링크에서는 순방향과는 달리 채널의 크기 및 위상 추정에 필요한 파이롯 채널이 없어 성능의 저하를 가져오게 된다. 따라서 역방향 링크에서 채널환경에 따라 Rake 수신기의 성능에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것은 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 시스템 성능 및 광대역 채널 파라미터 분석을 위해 광범위한 라이브러리와 시스템 구성의 유연성을 가지고 있는 Ptolemy [1] 플랫폼에서 CDMA PCS 시스템의 역방향 링크 규격에 따라 각 블록을 사용자 정의로 구현하였다. Ptolemy 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 CDMA PCS 시스템의 역방향 링크 비트오율 성능을 채널의 특성과 연관지어 분석하였다. 그리고 가상할 수 있는 각 채널 모델을 이용하여 CDMA PCS 시스템의 성능과 광대역 채널 파라미터 (예: 지연확산)와의 상관 관계를 파악하였다. 본 연구에서 CDMA PCS 시스템에서는 일반적으로 알려져 있는 지연확산보다 평균지연 파라미터가 더 높은 상관 관계가 있음을 발견하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.26 no.5A
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• pp.873-878
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• 2001

광케이블을 이용한 기가비트 이더넷은 8B/10B 선로부호 방식을 채택하여 전이중 통신뿐만 아니라 CSMA/CD 방식의 반이중 통신을 지원토록 규정되어 있다. 또한 링크를 공유하고 있는 2대의 1000BASE-X 장치 사이에 구성정보를 교환하여 가장 적합한 통신모드로 동작시킬 수 있는 자동절충 기능을 지원해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 비교적 기능이 간단하고 구현이 용이한 기존의 전이중 방식만의 PCS 설계 방법과 비교하여 반이중 방식까지 지원할 수 있는 PCS 부계층을 기가비트 이더넷 스위치 시스템의 ASIC 칩 안에 구현한 적용 예를 바탕으로 PCS 설계 규격, 구조 및 방법 등을 제시한다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.1182-1183
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• 2008

In this paper, we develop PCS for doubly-fed induction-type wind generator(DFIG). PCS consists of a converter set and a controller. PCS controls the active power of wind generator and the reactive power of wind turbine system according to rotating speed, instantaneous power, grid quality, and order by transmission system operator.

• IE interfaces
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.44-51
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• 1996

The purpose of this paper is to develop a modeling framework for analyzing the effect of price on the PCS (Personal Commununications Service) demand. To achieve this aim, a nonlinear regression model was derived to capture the income effect on the PCS demand and then was combined into an integrated Bass diffusion model. The model was then applied to the emerging PCS market in Korea and the market demands up to the year 2006 were estimated. The results were reviewed and evaluated in various aspects. Finally, the possibilities of model enhancement and model extensions were explored.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.65-74
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• 1997

본 고에서는 IS-95A 방식의 CDMA PCS 시스템과 호환되는 업무용 혹은 가정용 CT 구현을 위한 방안에 관하여 논의한다. 이를 위해 CT시스템의 CDMA 물리동기 및 프레임 동기를 획득하는 방안과 PCS/CT 이중모드의 효과적인 운용 방안을 구체적으로 제시한다. 설계의 접근방식으로는 동기방식을 위주로 하였으나 비동기방식에 대해서도 논의하였다. 제안되는 CT 시스템은 주파수 재활용도를 높이는 측면에서 Upbanded IS-95A PCS 시스템의 스펙트럼 상에서 동작하고 PCS 단말내의 H/W 통신 모듈을 변형없이 그대로 사용하므로 개발기간을 단축시키고 PCS 망과의 간섭을 최소화시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.