• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2016

In this paper, we introduce the characteristics of a vertical PNP transistor that improves start current by decreasing quiescent current with suppressing the parasitic transistor. In order to suppress the parasitic effect, we designed a vertical PNP transistor which suppresses parasitic PNP transistor by using the "DN+ links" without changing the circuit and made a LDO regulator using a standard IC processor. HFE of the fabricated parasitic PNP transistor decreased from conventional 18 to 0.9. Starting current of the LDO regulator made of the vertical PNP transistor using the improved "DN+ linked" structure is reduced from the conventional starting current of 90mA to 32mA. As the result, we developed a LDO regulator which consumes lower power in the standby state.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.949-957
• /
• 2000

This study investigates the remediation of the phenol or PNP(p-Nitrophenol) contaminated soils in a slurry reactor by a pure culture, P-99. The application of a pure culture for the phenol decontamination make the degradation rate three times faster than that of the mixed activated sludge. The destruction of 300 mg/L phenol was completed in 26 hours. As 1 mg of phenol was added, 0.1457 mg of microorganism was grown in the medium. The pure culture could not utilizes PNP, one of the xenobiotics, as a growth substrate. When the bacteria was induced by phenol enrichment medium. PNP could be effectively transformed with cometabolic process. The induction of the bacteria requires 1 mg of phenol for the destruction of 0.027 mg PNP. When PNP concentration in the medium contained phenol and PNP increased. the degradation rate of phenol was decreased. The degradation rate of phenol and PNP in the slurry reactor was about two times faster than in the reactor without slurry because of higher dissolved oxygen supply in the aqueous phase and adsorption on the surface of the soil.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.361-365
• /
• 2001

The effects of purine catabolites in growth media on the biosynthesis of Serratia marcescens and Lactobacillus plantarum purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) activity were examined. Serratia PNP activity was decreased approximately by 30% in the presence of high concentrations of inosine $(5{\sim}15\;mM)$, but was not affected at low concentrations of inosine $(0.1{\sim}1\;mM)$. However, Lactobacillus PNP activity was increased above 60% by inosine among the range from 5 to 15 mM. Serratia PNP activity was decreased approximately by 45% in the presence of high concentrations of hypoxanthine $(5{\sim}15\;mM)$, but was not affected at low concentrations of hypoxanthine $(0.1{\sim}0.5\;mM)$. Lactobacillus PNP activity was increased approximately by 20% in the presence of low concentrations of hypoxanthine $(0.1{\sim}0.5\;mM)$, and increased approximately by $50{\sim}65%$ in the presence of concentrations of hypoxanthine $(1{\sim}15\;mM)$. Serratia and Lactobacillus PNP activity was increased 20% by low concentrations of uric acid (0.5 mM), but was decreased $40{\sim}80%$ at high concentrations of same purine catabolite $(10{\sim}15\;mM)$. These data suggest that purine nucleoside phosphorylase in Serratia marcescens ATCC 25419 and Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 is positively regulated by a low uric acid concentration, and then may play a regulatory role in a purine nucleotide catabolic pathway.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.222-231
• /
• 1994

Kinetic analysis was done to elucidate the reaction mechanism of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The binary complexes of PNP${\cdot}$phosphate and PNP${\cdot}$ribose 1-phosphate were involved in the reaction mechanism. The initial velocity and product inhibition studies demonstrated were consistent with the predominant mechanism of the reaction being an ordered bi, bi reaction. The phosphate bound to the enzyme first, followed by nucleoside and base were the first product to leave, followed by ribose 1-phosphate. The kinetically suggested mechanism of PNP in S. cerevisiae was in agreement with the results of protection studies against the inactivation of the enzyme by sulfhydryl reagents, p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB) and 5,5'-dithiobisnitrobenzoate (DTNB). PNP was protected by ribose 1-phosphate and phosphate, but not by nucleoside or base, supporting the reaction order of ordered bi, bi mechanism. PCMB or DTNB-inactivated PNP was totally reactivated by dithiothreitol (DTT) and the activity was returned to the level of 77% by 2-mercaptoethanol, indicating that inactivation was reversible. The kinetic behavior of the PCMB-inactivated enzyme had been changed with higher $K_m$ value of inosine and lower $V_m$, and was restored by DTT. Inactivation of enzyme by DTNB showed similar pattern of K sub(m) value with that by PCMB, but had not changed the $V_m$ value, significantly. Negative cooperativity was not found with PCMB or DTNB treated PNP at high concentration of phosphate.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2015

Retinyl palmitate (RP)-loaded pectinate micro- and nano-particles (PMP and PNP) were designed for stabilization of RP that is widely used as an anti-wrinkle agent in anti-aging cosmeceuticals. PMP/PNP were prepared with an ionotropic gelation method, and anti-oxidative activity of the particles was measured with a DPPH assay. The stability of RP in the particles along with pectin gel and ethanolic solution was then evaluated. In vitro release and skin permeation studies were performed using Franz diffusion cells. Distribution of RP in each skin tissue (stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis) was also determined. PMP and PNP could be prepared with mean particle size diameters of $593{\sim}843{\mu}m$ (PMP) and 530 nm (i.e., $0.53{\mu}m$, PNP). Anti-oxidative activity of PNP was greater than PMP due largely to larger surface area available for PNP. The stability of RP in PMP and PNP was similar but much greater than RP in pectin bulk gels and ethanolic solution. PMP and PNP showed the abilities to constantly release RP and it could be permeated across the model artificial membrane and rat whole skin. RP was serially deposited throughout the skin layers. This study implies RP loaded PMP and PNP are expected to be advantageous for improved anti-wrinkle effects.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.93-100
• /
• 1995

3구면경계에서 aplanat 조건을 해석적으로 유도하고 이를 바탕으로 3종의 3차수차가 보정된 3구면 경계의 형태 및 존재영역을 조사하였다. 실상을 맺으면서 aplanat 저건을 만족하는 3구면경계는 유효초점거리가 양수인 경우 PPN, NPP, PNP 형태의 해가 존재하였으며 N은 볼록 거울, P는 오목 거울을 나타낸다. 유효초점거리가 음수인 경우 NPN, NPP, PNP, NNP형의 4종류의 형태가 존재하였다. 3종의 3차수차가 보정된 3구면경계에서 astigmatic aplanat는 실상을 맺는 해가 존재하지 않았다. Flat field aplanat는 PPN, PNP, NPP형태의 해가 존재하였고 distortion free aplanat의 경우는 PPN, PNP, NPN, NPP, NNP형의 해가 존재하였다.

• Journal of IKEEE
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.80-86
• /
• 2018

In this paper, we propose a new PNP bipolar insertion type ESD protection circuit with improved electrical characteristics than the existing ESD protection circuits SCR and LVTSCR. The proposed circuit has 8.59V trigger voltage which is about 9V lower than that of the conventional SCR, and the parasitic PNP has one more operation and high robustness characteristics. For the practical design of the proposed ESD protection circuit, the holding voltage was increased by increasing the base length of the parasitic PNP while increasing the variable L. To verify the electrical characteristics of the proposed device, Synopsys T-CAD simulator was used.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.15 no.7
• /
• pp.2455-2475
• /
• 2021

Patient Navigation Program (PNP) is considered as an important implementation of health care systems that can assist in patient's treatment. Due to the feasibility of PNP implementation, a systematic reuse is needed for a wide adoption of PNP computerized system. SPL is one of the promising systematic reuse approaches for creating a reusable architecture to enabled reuse in several similar applications of PNP systems which has its own variations with other applications. However, stakeholder decision making which result from the imprecise, uncertain, and subjective nature of architecture selection based on quality attributes (QA) further hinders the development of the product line architecture. Therefore, this study aims to propose a quality-driven approach using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) techniques for Software Product Line Architecture (SPLA) to have an objective selection based on the QA of stakeholders in the domain of PNP. There are two steps proposed to this approach. First, a clear representation of quality is proposed by extending feature model (FM) with QA feature to determine the QA in the early phase of architecture selection. Second, MCDA techniques were applied for architecture selection based on objective preference for certain QA in the domain of PNP. The result of the proposed approach is the implementation of the PNP system with SPLA that had been selected using MCDA techniques. Evaluation for the approach is done by checking the approach's applicability in a case study and stakeholder validation. Evaluation on ease of use and usefulness of the approach with selected stakeholders have shown positive responses. The evaluation results proved that the proposed approach assisted in the implementation of PNP systems.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.1151-1156
• /
• 2023

In this paper, we propose a deep learning model that utilizes charge/discharge data from initial lithium-ion batteries to predict the remaining useful life of lithium-ion batteries. We build the DMP using the PNP model. To demonstrate the performance of DMP, we organize DML using the LSTM model and compare the remaining useful life prediction performance of lithium-ion batteries between DMP and DML. We utilize the RMSE and RMSPE error measurement methods to evaluate the performance of DMP and DML models using test data. The results reveal that the RMSE difference between DMP and DML is 144.62 [Cycle], and the RMSPE difference is 3.37 [%]. These results indicate that the DMP model has a lower error rate than DML. Based on the results of our analysis, we have showcased the superior performance of DMP over DML. This demonstrates that in the field of lithium-ion batteries, the PNP model outperforms the LSTM model.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.21 no.10
• /
• pp.889-895
• /
• 2008

This paper presents a comprehensive mathematical analysis and simulation of trench IGBT with the help of PIN-PNP combinational model. Since trench IGBT is characteristically influenced by PIN diode, it may be almost impossible to analyze the trench IGBT using PNP-MOS modeling methods, even PIN-MOS techniques which neglect the hole current components coming into p-base region. A new PIN-PNP complementary cooperational model is developed in order to make up the drawbacks of existing models. It would allow us to make qualitative analysis as well as simulation about switching and on-state characteristics of 1,700 V trench IGBT. Moreover, if we improve the PIN diode effects through the optimization of trench structure, trench IGBT is expected to be one of the most promising devices in the not only high-voltage but also high speed switching device field.