• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.34-37
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• 2012

In this paper, configurations and performance of a pulse tube engine (PTE) are investigated. The configuration of PTE is basically designed by using a concept of energy flow. The configurations of PTE are classified as a PTE with two pistons and a PTE with one piston. First, the PTE with two pistons is simulated and the Carnot efficiency is about 41 %. The phase difference of between motion of two pistons located at expander and compressor mainly effects the performance of the PTE. Second, the PTE with one piston is designed. From a concept of analogy, the piston of compressor is replaced by a compliance tube and a resonator. The PTE with one piston is identical with a thermoacousic engine and has the large volume because the compliance tube and resonator are consisted of large volume tubes. Therefore, we will consider each usefulness of the compact PTE with two pistons and the huge PTE with one piston for PTE applications and the judgement of feasibility.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.78-87
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• 2003

Purpose: The purposes of the study were 1) to examine what relationships exist between PTE(perceived treatments effect) and PPS (perceived physical suffering) as the independent variables and hope as the dependent variable and 2) to examine whether PTE and PPS predict hope in cancer patients in their post-operative period within the Stotland's hope theory. Method: The Visual Analog Scale was used for measuring PTE and PPS and the Kim & Lee's Hope Scale which had acceptable reliability and validity was used for measuring hope. The data was collected from 38 hospitalized cancer patients who were in the post-operative period with a convenient sampling method. Result: There was a significant positive relationship between hope and the PTE in the low PTE group. There was a significant negative relationship between hope and the PPS in the low PPS group. There were no significant relationships between hope and the PTE in the high PTE group, and between hope and the PPS in the high PPS group. And the PTE explained hope with 71.2% of the variance in the low PTE group. Conclusion: PTE in the low PTE group and PPS in the low PPS group were identified as the factors to explain hope.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2012

This study was done to examine the effect of several diets (Phytoplankton = PHY, Shellfish Diet 1800 = INS, Oil type = OTE, Powder type = PTE) on growth, survival rate and biochemical composition of scallop juvenile Patinopecten yessoensis. The highest survival rate were observed in PTE + PHY (90%). The highest shell length and shell height was observed in PHY and PTE + PHY diet (P > 0.05). The growth with PTE and OTE diet was the lowest in shell length and shell height (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the shell width and meat weight were highest in PHY and PTE + PHY, while the lowest in PTE and OTE (P < 0.05). The content of fatty acids such as DHA and n-3 PUFA levels was significantly higher in the juvenile fed on PTE + PHY than in those fed on PHY and INS alone. Also, the total protein ranged 55.5 to 65.2% in PHY + INS, while 44.8%, 47.9% in PTE and OTE respectively. The RNA and DNA contents were the highest in PHY and PTE + PHY, while the lowest in PTE and OTE (P < 0.05). RNA/DNA ratio significantly higher in juvenile with PHY + INS than those with PTE and OTE alone (P < 0.05). The combination of PTE + PHY could improve the growth and survival of scallop juvenile. Our results suggested that PTE could partially replace live algae in bivalve laval rearing.

• Cement Symposium
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• 통권35호
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• pp.222-228
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• 2008

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.229-235
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• 1980

Pectin transeliminase (PTE) was produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe 4683, and Aspergillus niger in the media containing 2% pectin and examined for its characteristics. The Production of the enzyme was higher by Asp. niger than by the two yeast strains, showing that the PTE activity was proportional to reducing power. The enzyme was proved to reduce pectin and produce 4, 5- unsaturated galacturonic acid. The optimum activity of the PTE was found to be at pH 6.0 and $50^{\circ}C$. The activities of these enzyme were stable below $50^{\circ}C$ but decreased at the higher temperature. Substrate inhibition of the PTE activities was appeared at high concentrations of pectin. Those PTE activities were increased under 0.6M of KCI and NaCI, but that maximal activities at the concentration of 0.2M MgC $l_2$.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

This present study investigated the effects of the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) and chin tuck (CT) on middle thoracic erector spinae, lower thoracic erector spinae, and lumbar erector spinae muscle activity during three prone thoracic extension (PTE) exercises. Twelve healthy subjects performed preferred PTE, ADIM PTE, and ADIM-CT PTE. Surface electromyography was used to collect data on the muscle activity of dominant middle and lower thoracic erector spinae muscles and the lumbar erector spinae. Middle and lower thoracic erector spinae muscle activity significantly increased when ADIM and CT was performed (p<.05). However, lumbar erector spinae muscle activity significantly decreased in ADIM PTE compared to preferred PTE (p=.017) and significantly increased in ADIM-CT PTE compared to ADIM PTE (p=.004). In conclusion, ADIM-CT PTE effectively increased middle and lower thoracic erector spinae muscle activity, and ADIM PTE decreased lumbar erector spinae muscle activity. Hence, ADIM PTE could be a recommended exercise maneuver to strengthen thoracic erector spinae without over activation of lumbar erector spinae.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.232-234
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• 2016

In this paper, the power transfer efficiencies (PTEs) of magnetic resonance (MR) wireless power transmission (WPT) and radio frequency (RF) WPT are compared as a function of the distances between resonators (or antennas). The PTE of the C-loaded loop resonators during MR WPT was theoretically calculated and simulated at 6.78MHz, showing good agreement. The PTE of the patch antennas, whose area is the same as the C-loaded loop resonator during MR WPT, was theoretically calculated using the Friis equation and the equation by N. Shinohara and simulated at 5.8 GHz. The three results from the Friis equation, the equation by N. Shinohara, and from a full wave simulation are in strong agreement. The PTEs, when using the same size resonators and antennas are compared by considering the distance between the receiver and transmitter. The compared results show that the MR WPT PTE is higher than that of the RF WPT PTE when the distance (r) between the resonators (or antennas) is shorter. However, the RF WPT PTE is much higher than that of the MR WPT PTE when the distance (r) between the resonators (or antennas) is longer since the RF WPT PTE is proportional to $r^{-2}$ while the MR WPT PTE is proportional to $r^{-6}$.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.72-83
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• 2019

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of the Paulownia tomentosa extracts (PTE). The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of PTE were 148.98±1.84 mg GAE/g extract, and 115.33±4.16 mg CE/g extract, respectively. The PTE showed that strong antioxidant activity via -diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity and FRAP assay. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. PTE remarkably reduced protein expression of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), resulting in inhibition of production of nitric oxide (NO). Additionally, pre-treatment of PTE significantly suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Moreover, PTE significantly attenuated LPS-induced IkappaB (IκB) degradation and suppressed nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) nuclear translocation in macrophages. The PTE showed high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. These data suggest that PTE has pharmacological activity and may be useful for the development of anti-inflammatory agents.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.605-609
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• 1993

Active metabolites in rat bile after an intravenous injection of $[^3H]$ pteroylglutamic acid(PteGlu)were studies using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Predominant four radioactive metabolites and parent compound PteGlu were detected on the chromatogram of HPLC with liquid scintillation counting system. These metabolites were identified as tetrahydrofolate, 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and para-aminobenzoyl glutamate. The identification of active folate metabolites was based on the consistency of retention time profiles and hydrodynamic voltammograms which were obtained by HPLC with the electrochemical detection system, and characteristics of UV absorbance spectra obtained by HPLC with photodiode array detection system.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.379-384
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• 2015

Objective : To investigate the risks and pattern of evolution of peritumoral brain edema (PTE) after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for asymptomatic intracranial meningiomas. Methods : A retrospective study was conducted on 320 patients (median age 56 years, range 24-87 years) who underwent primary Gamma Knife radiosurgery for asymptomatic meningiomas between 1998 and 2012. The median tumor volume was 2.7 cc (range 0.2-10.5 cc) and the median follow-up was 48 months (range 24-168 months). Volumetric data sets for tumors and PTE on serial MRIs were analyzed. The edema index (EI) was defined as the ratio of the volume of PTE including tumor to the tumor volume, and the relative edema indices (rEIs) were calculated from serial EIs normalized against the baseline EI. Risk factors for PTE were analyzed using logistic regression. Results : Newly developed or increased PTE was noted in 49 patients (15.3%), among whom it was symptomatic in 28 patients (8.8%). Tumor volume larger than 4.2 cc (p<0.001), hemispheric tumor location (p=0.005), and pre-treatment PTE (p<0.001) were associated with an increased risk of PTE. rEI reached its maximum value at 11 months after SRS and decreased thereafter, and symptoms resolved within 24 months in most patients (85.7%). Conclusion : Caution should be exercised in decision-making on SRS for asymptomatic meningiomas of large volume (>4.2 cc), of hemispheric location, or with pre-treatment PTE. PTE usually develops within months, reaches its maximum degree until a year, and resolves within 2 years after SRS.