• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.253-259
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• 1990

Between January, 1970 and August, 1989, a total of 81 patients whose age were more than 20 years of life, received total correction for tetralogy of Fallot. This report analyzed 70 patients among them and excluded the remaining 11 patients whose clinical data could not be found. Their mean age was 25.750.39 years[range 20 \ulcorner50]. The clinical manifestations were cyanosis and clubbing [64 pts], frequent URI[40 pts], anoxic spell [19 pts], infective endo-carditis[4 pts], brain abscess[3 pts], pulmonary tuberculosis[3 pts] and CHF, chest tightness, nephrotic syndrome, left hemiplegia, and tamponade. The types of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction were combined[46 pts], pure infundibular [21 pts] and pure valvular[3 pts]. Associated cardiovascular anomalies were PFO [27 pts], ASDi8 pts], LSVC[8 pts], aortic regurgitation [5 pts], right aortic arch, coronary artery anomalies, PDA and dextrocardia. Hospital mortality was 5.7%. The causes of death ware low cardiac output [2 pts], aggravation of CRF[1 pts] and brain damage[1 pts]. There was one late death because of residual intracardiac shunt and congestive heart failure. During the follow-up period, 16 patients were lost and the remaining 49 patients were asymptomatic and leading normal lives. Residual intracardiac shunt was detected in 5 patients with radionuclide single pass study but all of them had Qp / Qs ratio less than 1.5.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.829-835
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• 2000

The ptsH and ptsI genes of Lactococus lactis subsp. lactis ATCC 7962 (L. lactis 7962), encoding the general proteins of phosphotransferase system (PTS) components, HPr and enzyme I, respectively, were cloned and characterized. A 1.3 kb PCR product was obtained using a primer set that was hybridized to the internal region of the L. lactis 7962 pts HI genes and then subcloned into a low-copy number vector, pACYC184. The 5' upstream and 3' downstream region from the 1.3 kb fragment were subsequently clone using the chromosome walking method. The complete ptsHI operon was constructed and the nucleotide sequences determined. Two ORFs corresponding to HPr (88 amino acids) and enzyme I (575 amino acids) were located. The ptsHI genes of L. lactis 7962 showed a very high homology (84-90%) with those genes from other Gram-positive bacteria. A primer extension analysis showed that the transcription started at either one of two adjacent bases upstream of the start codon. Using a Northern analysis, two transcripts were detected; the first, a 0.3 kb transcript corresponding to ptsH and the second, a 2 kb transcript corresponding to ptsH and ptsI. The transcription level of ptsH was higher than that of ptsI. The concentration of the ptsH transcript in cells grown on glucose was similar to that in cells grown on lactose, yet higher than that in cells grown on galactose. The ptsI transcript was scarcely detected in cell grown on lactose or galactose. The ptsI transcript was scarcely detected in cells grown on lactose or galactose. The results of a sequence analysis and Northern blot confirmed that the ptsH and ptsI genes of L. lactis 7962 were arranged in an operon like other known ptsHI genes and the expression of the ptsHI genes was regulated at the transcriptional level in response to the carbon source.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.200-209
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• 2003

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between atopic dermatitis and the Sasang constitution. Methods : I examined 64 patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis for a long time who visited Department of Dermatology in Kangnam Korean Hospital, Kyunghee University and classified them into 4 types according to Sasang constitution under consulting a Sasang specialist. 1. The Sasang specialist classified the patients using the Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification Ⅱ(QSCCⅡ), body components examination, facial morphology measurement and Meridian function examination. 2. I analyzed the distribution of sex and age, first onset age, history period, digestion condition, existences of past history and family history, basal material volume, immunoglobulin E and eosinophil. Results and Conclusions : 1. As the distribution of sex and age, 28 patients(pts) were male and 36 pts were female. 20's female group was the most common. 2. As the distribution of Sasang constitution types, Soeumin were 28(43.7$\%$) pts, Taeumin were 24(37.5$\%$) pts, Soyangin were 11(17.2$\%$) pts, and Taeyangin was 1(1.6$\%$) pI. 3. As the mean age at first visit, Soeumin's was 20yrs, Taeumin's and Soyangin's were 27yrs, and Taeyangin's was 15yrs. 4. As the mean onset age, Soeumin's was 7yrs the lowest, Taeumin's was 15.7yrs, Soyangin's was 10.54yrs and Taeyangin's was 15yrs. 5. As the history period. Soeumin's was 13.8yrs. Taeumin's was 11.8yrs. Soyangin's was 16.5yrs. Tae yangin's was 13yrs. 6. As the existence of past history of atopic diseases, Soeumin were 12(43$\%$) pts, Taeumin were 7(29$\%$) pts and Soyangin were 5(45$\%$) pts. 7. As immunoglobulin E, 21(75$\%$) pts of Soeumin were normal, 7(25$\%$) pts were abnormal.. 22(92$\%$) pts of Taeumin were normal, 2(8$\%$) pts were abnormal. 8(73$\%$) pts of Soyangin were normal, 3(27$\%$) pts were abnormal. As the defecation condition, 19(68$\%$) pts of Soeumin were normal, 9(32$\%$) pts were abnormal. 14(58$\%$) pts of Taeumin were normal, 10(42$\%$) pts were abnormal, 8(73$\%$) pts of Soyangin were normal, 3(27$\%$) pts were abnormal. 8. The mean value of immunoglobulin E of Soeumin was 1236, Taeeumin was 442, Soyangin was 2010, the mean value of eosinophil of Soeumin was 3.5, Taeeumin was 2.47, Soyangin was 4.28.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.293-297
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• 1999

The pts operon, which encodes several factors in the phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) of Escherichia coli, has multiple promoters which respond to different signals to facilitate quick adaptation to changes in growth conditions. The influence of an 1 kbp DNA region upstream of the pts P0 promoter on pts expression was studied in vitro by employing the DNA templates containing both P0 and P1 promoter with or without the 1 kbp upstream DNA region for in vitro transcription assay. The 1 kbp DNA region upstream of the pts P0 promoter, however, had no effect on pts transcription in vitro. The intracellular concentration of cAMP was measured when cells were grown in the presence of glucose, mannose, or mannitol. The transcription of P0 was increased maximally in the presence of glucose even though the concentration of cAMP in the condition was lowest while the transcription from the P1b was highest when cells were grown in the presence of mannose or mannitol even though the intracellular concentration of cAMP was lower than cells grown in the absence of the sugar. These results suggest the possibility of the existence of a glucose inducible repressor specific for the P0 promoter and a second repressor that is inducible by glucose, mannose and mannitol specific for the P1 promoter.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.149-155
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• 2017

The nitrogen phosphotransferase (PTS) system is a regulatory cascade present in most Proteobacteria, where it controls different functions. The nitrogen PTS is usually composed of $EI^{Ntr}$ (encoded by the ptsP gene), NPr (encoded by the ptsO gene), and $EIIA^{Ntr}$ (encoded by the ptsN gene). While $EIIA^{Ntr}$ plays a role in a variety of cellular processes, such as potassium homeostasis, regulation of ppGpp accumulation, nitrogen and carbon metabolisms, and regulation of ABC transporters, little information is available for a physiological role of NPr. A recent study showed that dephosphorylated NPr affects adaptation to envelope stresses in Escherichia coli. In this study, we provide another phenotype related to NPr. The ptsP mutant showed a filamentation phenotype. The filamentation phenotype of the ptsP mutant was recovered by additional deletion of the ptsO gene, but not by additional deletion of the ptsN gene, suggesting that an increased level of dephosphorylated NPr in the ptsP mutant renders cells the filamentous growth. This idea was confirmed by the fact that cells with increased levels of dephosphorylated NPr shows the filamentation phenotype. Additionally, we showed that cell size of E. coli increases with incremental dephosphorylated NPr concentrations. These results suggested that dephosphorylated NPr induces morphological change of E. coli.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.6C
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• pp.480-486
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• 2008

The high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signals is one of major drawbacks of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). A partial transmit sequences (PTS) technique can improve the PAPR statistics of OFDM signals. However, in a PTS technique, the search complexity to select phase weighting factors increases exponentially with the number of sub-blocks. In this paper, a PTS technique with low computational complexity is presented, which adopts micro-genetic algorithm(${\mu}$-GA) as a search algorithm. A search on the phase weighting factors starts with a population of five randomly generated individuals. An elite having the largest fitness value and the other four individuals selected through the tournament selection strategy are determined, and then the next generation members are generated through the crossover operations among those. If the new generation converges, all the four individuals except the elite are randomly generated again. The search terminates when there has been no improvements on the PAPR during the predefined number of generations, or the maximum number of generations has been reached. To evaluate the performance of the proposed PTS technique, the complementary cumulative distribution functions (CCDF) of the PAPR are compared with those of the conventional PTS techniques.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1047-1053
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• 2022

When ptsG, a glucose-specific phosphotransferase system (PTS) component, is deleted in Escherichia coli, growth can be severely poor because of the lack of efficient glucose transport. We discovered a new PTS transport system that could transport glucose through the growth-coupled experimental evolution of ptsG-deficient E. coli C strain under anaerobic conditions. Genome sequencing revealed mutations in agaR, which encodes a repressor of N-acetylgalactosamine (Aga) PTS expression in evolved progeny strains. RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression of Aga PTS gene increased because of the loss-of-function of agaR. We confirmed the efficient Aga PTS-mediated glucose uptake by genetic complementation and anaerobic fermentation. We discussed the discovery of new glucose transporter in terms of different genetic backgrounds of E. coli strains, and the relationship between the pattern of mixed-acids fermentation and glucose transport rate.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.26 no.12A
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• pp.2012-2018
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• 2001

This paper proposes the adaptive suboptimal iterative algorithm using threshold to reduce system complexity in the PTS\`s. Performance of the proposed adaptive suboptimal iteration algorithm is represented in terms of iteration number and CDF. In the case of the number of sub-block is 4, the 10-3 PAPR of the proposed method and P S improved this by 0.4dB compared to Cimini\`s. And the complexity of the proposed method was reduced to nearly 22% for the PTS\`s and 44% for the Cimini\`s for 8dB threshold. For the 8 sub-blocks, the 10$\^$-3/ PAPR of the proposed method reduced by 0.7dB compared to PTS\`s, but improved by 0.4dB compared to Cimini\`s. And the complexity of the proposed method was reduced to nearly 2.4% for the PTS\`s and 39% for the Cimini\`s.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.795-798
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• 2006

The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) is responsible for the simultaneous transfer and phosphorylation of various carbon sources in Escherichia coli. The ptsG gene encoding the enzyme $IICB^{Glc}$, the membrane component of the glucose-specific PTS, is repressed by Mlc and activated by the CRP cAMP complex; various other factors, such as Fis, FruR, and ArcA, are also known to be involved in ptsG regulation. Thus, in an attempt to discover a novel gene affecting the regulation of ptsG, a mutant with a decreased ptsG transcription in the presence of glucose compared with the wild-type strain was screened using transposon random mutagenesis. The mutant was found to have a transposon insertion in yhjV, a putative gene encoding a transporter protein whose function is yet unknown.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.340-350
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was done to identify relationships among post-traumatic stress (PTS), job stress and turnover intention in emergency department (ED) nurses. Methods: Participants were 250 ED nurses who had worked for one month or longer in the ED one of three university hospitals or seven general hospitals in Daegu City or Gyeong Buk Province in Korea. Structured questionnaires were used to measure PTS, job stress, and turnover intention of participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, path analysis, and stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS program. Results: There were significant relationships between PTS, job stress and turnover intention. PTS influenced turnover intention directly and was indirectly mediated by job stress. The experience of traumatic events influenced PTS, job stress, and turnover intention. Indirect experience of traumatic events in the ED was an important predictor, explaining 20.1% of PTS in high-risk post-traumatic participants. Conclusion: PTS can be an important factor for job stress and turnover intention. The direct and indirect experience of traumatic events can influence PTS, job stress, and turnover intention in ED nurses. Based on these results, strategies for managing PTS and relating job stress are recommended to reduce turnover intention in ED nurses.