• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2002

In this study, mechanical properties of PVC complexes containing the gypsum (Namhae Chemical Co.) which contains phosphte, CaO, etc., Pb-species stabilizer, and $CaCO_3$ were investigated as a function or the content. As a result, mechanical properties increased when the gypsum was mixed with PVC at the extent of 8.46wt%. From this result, it is suggested that the gypsum containing phosphate and CaO is compatible with PVC. Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) showed that pyrolysis started about at $275^{\circ}C$, and residual weight(%) increased with the amount of the gypsum, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that $T_m,\;T_g$ had the maximum and minimum value respectively when the gypsum was mixed with PVC at the extent of 8.46wt%. Comparing all the results, both mechanical and thermal properties of PVC complex were improved. The X-ray diffraction measurement also showed their blonds and structures.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.289-293
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• 1999

Many poly (vinyl chloride : PVC) membrane electrodes were investigated for the determination of basic drugs, chlorpromazine, amitriptyline, nortriptyline, etc. These electrodes are based on the use of the ion-association complexes of the basic drugs with eriochrome cyanine R, chromoxane cyanine, chrome azurol S and picric acid as ion-exchange sites in a plasticized PVC matrix. All ion-exchangers except picrate complex were not proper for use, because those complexes in plasticized membrane were excluded into aqueous working solution. These drug electrodes show excellent Nernstian responses in the concentration ranges $10^{-2}~10^{-6}$ mol $dm^{-3}$. Their selectivity with respect to each other, as well as their work-able pH range have been investigated. The major advantages of the proposed methods are their simplicity and speed.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.46-51
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• 1993

Poly(vinyl chloride) was modified by reacting with sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate or N-methyl-N-carboxymethyldithiocarbamate to obtain crosslinked dithiocarbamated PVC(PMD, PSDC). In addition PSDC were substituted with metal ions of $Ma^+, Li^+$ and $Cs^+$. PLMD and PSDC were reacted with copper ions in alcohol or aqueous solution to produce chelate complexes of dithiocarbanated PVC, respectively(PMD-$Cu^{2+}$, PSDC-$Cu^{2+}$). PSDC was irradiated by ultraviolet light to enhance crosslinking(PSDC-UV).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2003

We examined the effect of polyether-type nonionic surfactants (Brij 35, Triton X-100, Tween 20 and Tween 80) on the potentiometric properties of sodium-, potassium- and calcium-selective membranes which are prepared with widely used ionophores and four kinds of polymer matrices [poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), polyurethane (PU), PVC/PU blend, and silicone rubber (SR)]. It was found that the PVC-based membranes, which provide the best performance among all other matrix-based membranes in the absence of nonionic surfactants, exhibited larger change in their potentiometric properties when nonionic surfactants are added to the sample solution. On the other hand, the sodium-selective SR-based membrane with calix[4]arene, potassium-selective PVC/PU- or SR-based membrane with valinomycin, and the calcium-selective SR-based membrane with ETH 1001 provide almost identical analytical performance in the presence and absence of Tween 20 or Tween 80 surfactants. The origin of nonionic surfactants effect was also investigated by interpreting the experimental results obtained with various matrices and ionophores. The results suggest that the nonionic surfactant extracted into the membrane phase unselectively form complexes with the primary and interfering ions, resulting in increased background potential and lower binding ability for the ionophore. Such effects should result in deteriorated detection limits, reduced response slopes and lower selectivity for the primary ions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1774-1780
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• 2008

New PVC based polymeric membrane electrodes (PME) and coated glassy carbon electrodes (CGCE) based on synthesized Schiff base complexes of Co(III); [Co(Salen)$(PBu_3)_2$]$ClO_4$, [Co($Me_2$Salen)$(PBu_3)_2$]$ClO_4$, [Co(Salen)$(PBu_3)H_2O$]$ClO_4$; as anion carriers for potentiometric determination of $ClO_4\;^-$were studied. The PME and also CGCE electrodes prepared with [Co(Me2Salen)$(PBu_3)_2$]$ClO_4$ showed excellent response characteristics to perchlorate ions. The electrodes exhibited Nernstian responses to $ClO_4\;^-$ ions over a wide concentration range with low detection limits ($1.0 {\times} 10^{-6}\;mol\;L^{-1}$ for PME and $9.0 {\times} 10^{-7}\;mol\;L^{-1}$ for CGCE). The electrodes possess fast response time, satisfactory reproducibility, appropriate lifetime and, most importantly, good selectivity toward $ClO_4\;^-$ relative to a variety of other common inorganic anions. The potentiometric response of the electrodes is independent of the pH in the pH range 2.5-8.5. The proposed sensors were used in potentiometric determination of perchlorate ions in mineral water and urine samples. The interaction of the ionophore with perchlorate ions was shown by UV/Vis spectroscopy.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2009

A comb-like copolymer consisting of a poly(vinyl chloride) backbone and poly(hydroxy ethyl acrylate) side chains, i.e. PVC-g-PHEA, was synthesized through atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). This comb-like copolymer was crosslinked with 4,5-imidazole dicarboxylic acid (IDA) via the esterification of the -OH groups of PHEA in the graft copolymer and the -COOH groups of IDA. Upon doping with phosphoric acid (PA, $H_3PO_4$) to form imidazole-PA complexes, the proton conductivity of the membranes continuously increased with increasing PA content. A maximum proton conductivity of 0.011 S/cm was achieved at $100^{\circ}C$ under anhydrous conditions. The PVC-g-PHEA/IDA/PA complex membranes exhibited good mechanical properties, i.e. 575 MPa of Young's modulus, as determined by a universal testing machine (UTM). Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that the membranes were thermally stable up to $200^{\circ}C$.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2012

This study investigated the extraction and stripping performance of PIMs consisting of PVC and Aliquat 336. Extraction and stripping of three representative heavy metals - namely $Cd^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, and $Zn^{2+}$ - by the synthesized membranes were evaluated as a function of sodium chloride concentration and under different stripping solutions (0.01 M $HNO_3$, Milli-Q water, 0.01 M HCl and 0.01 M NaOH), respectively. Results reported here indicate that the formation of negatively charged metal chloride complex species was responsible for the extraction of the target metal to PIMs. Experimental results and thermodynamic modeling of the speciation of chloro metal complexes further confirm that the extraction selectivity between $Cd^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$ can be controlled by regulating the chloride concentration of the feed solution. An acidic solution without any chloride was the most effective stripping solution, followed by Milli-Q water, and a diluted hydrochloric acid solution. On the other hand, the stripping of metals from PIMs did not occur when a basic stripping solution was used.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.406-410
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• 2000

The present method is to describe a potentiometric norfloxacin electrode system characterized by a membrane, based on the use of norfloxacin (NF) complex with ion-association reagents. These complexes were dissolved in DMSO, DMF acetonitrile or acetone and dispersed in plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) matrix. The picric acid complex electrode exhibited near-Nernstian response for NF in acetate buffer solution (pH 4.0) with a slope of 53.03 mV/decade. And linear response over the range of 10$^{-5}$ to 10$^{-3}$M solution of NE. The ingredients in tablet, capsule and biological important organic acids were not interfere.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.32-40
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• 1996

The electrophysiological effects of benzopyran potassium channel openers (PCOs: lemakalim, KR-30450 and KR-30818) on the ischemia/reperfusion-induced arrythmias were investigated. In anesthetized rats, subjected to 45 min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) followed by 90 min reperfusion, ventricular arrythmias were identified according to the Lambeth Conventions by lead II ECG. Rats were intravenously given vehicle ($1\%$ DMSO), lemakalim, KR-30450, and KR-30818 alone or in combination with a selective $K_{ATP}$ blocker glibenclamide, 30 min prior to coronary occlusion. Compared to vehicle, lemakalim ($30{\mu}g/kg$ i.v.), the active enantiomer of cromakalim, had a tendancy to increase the duration of ventricular tachycardia (Vl) and ventricular fibrillation (VF), the number of premature ventricular complexes (PVC) and the incidence of VF, especially in the early post-occlusion peroid ($0\~15$ min), while increasing ST-segment elevation. Both KR-30450 ($30{\mu}g/kg$, i.v.) and KR-30818 (30, $100{\mu}g/kg$, i.v.) showed similar proarrhythmic effects to lemakalim (PVC, duration of VT, and incidence of VF) with a tendancy to decrease the duration of VF and ST-segment elevation. Unlike other PCOs, however, glibenclamide (0.3, 1.0 mg/kg) had opposite effects on the induction of arrhythmias (PVC, the duration of VF); it had a tendancy to increase the duration of VT with a slight elevation of ST-segment. It seems likely that glibenclamide (0.3 mg/kg, i.v.), reduced the effects of lemakalim or KR-30450 ($30{\mu}g/kg$, i.v.) on arrhythmias (PVC, VT, VF and ST-segment). These results indicate that, in the coronary occluded rat model of ischemia, lemikuiln and KR-30450 exert a proarrhythmic activity, the effect being considered related to the opening of KATP channel.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2017

5-methylthioninhydrin (5-MTN) is an amino acid sensitive reagent used for the development of latent fingermarks deposited on porous surfaces such as paper and wood. The present study demonstrates that the 5-MTN can be used as a latent footwear impression enhancement reagent, by reacting with trace multivalent metal ions, which are the main components of the latent footwear impression. 5-MTN and L-alanine complex (MTN-ALA) used for the latent footwear impression development was prepared, by mixing $4.5{\times}10^{-3}M$ 5-MTN (in methanol) and $4.5{\times}10^{-3}M$ L-alanine (in methanol) in 1:1 ratio, and keeping undisturbed at room temperature for 24 h. The latent footwear impressions were deposited on white and black non-porous surfaces (glass plate, polyethylene panel, polypropylene panel, acryl panel, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) panel, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) panel, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) panel, tile), and a semi-porous surfaces (painted wood). The latent footwear impressions on these surfaces were treated with MTN-ALA complex by spraying. The fluorescence of footwear impressions (occurred due to the reaction between MTN-ALA and metal complexes) was observed under a 505 nm forensic light source and an orange barrier filter. The enhancement of latent footwear impression was achieved from black surfaces without any blurring. However, the fluorescence (enhancement) of footwear impression was not observed on the white PVC, PMMA, and ABS surfaces, because the incident light interfered and reflected on the surface. The sensitivity of MTN-ALA was superior to 2,2'-dipyridil, which is a representative non-fluorescing footwear impression enhancement reagent, and similar to 8-hydroxyquinoline, which is a representative fluorescing footwear impression enhancement reagent.