• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.116-123
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• 2018

Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) has been mostly caught by the Korean offshore large purse seine fishery in Korean waters. The annual catch of Pacific bluefin tuna caught by the offshore large purse seine fishery in Korean waters showed less than 1,000 mt until the 1990s except for 1997. The catch sharply increased to 2,401 mt in 2000 and recorded the highest of 2,601 mt in 2003, but the catch has generally decreased with a fluctuation thereafter. The main fishing ground of Pacific bluefin tuna of this fishery is formed around Jeju Island. However, it expanded to the Yellow Sea, the coastal of Busan, and the East Sea, which depends on the migration patterns of Pacific bluefin tuna by season. The CPUE standardization of Pacific bluefin tuna was conducted using Generalized Linear Model (GLM) to assess the proxy of the abundance index. The data used for the GLM were catch (weight), effort (number of hauls), catch ratio of Pacific bluefin tuna, moon phase by year, quarter and area. The standardized CPUE from 2004 to 2011, except for 2003 and 2010, showed a steady trend, and then increased until 2014. The CPUE in 2015 decreased, and in 2016 was higher than that in 2015. The result of GLM suggests that the effect of the catch ratio of Pacific bluefin tuna is the largest factor affecting the nominal CPUE.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.20-28
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• 2019

The feeding habits of Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis were analyzed using samples by large purse seine fishery in Korean waters from 2012 to 2017. The number of samples was 1,274 and the fork-length (FL) ranged from 34.6 to 218.0 cm. According to %IRI, the Important main prey items of immature individuals (below 91.4 cm in FL) were Pisces, Cephalopoda and Euphausiacea and those of mature individuals were Cephalopoda and Pisces. T. orientalis showed ontogenetic changes in prey item that Pisces was dominated in size class of 30-89 cm (FL), Cephalopoda in 90-179 cm (FL), and Pisces above 180 cm. As for seasonal changes in prey item, Cephalopoda was dominant in spring and Pisces was dominant in summer, autumn and winter. %F, %N, %W and %IRI cluster analysis divided area into three groups: Group A was dominated by Pisces; Group B was dominated by Cephalopoda, and Group C was dominated by Euphausiacea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.553-560
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• 2015

The feeding habits of the Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis were examined based on the stomach contents of 330 specimens caught by offshore large purse seine fishery in the southern sea of Korea, 2011. The size of Pacific bluefin tuna used in this study ranged from 34.1 to 67.3 cm in fork length (FL). The percentage of empty stomachs was 41.8%. The main prey items were Pisces and Cephalopoda based on percentage IRI (index of relative importance). The main fish preys were Trachurus japonicus, Bregmaceros japonicus, Engraulis japonicus, and Cephalopoda were Todarodes pacificus, Loligo edulis, Watasenia scintillans. T. orientalis showed ontogenetic change in diet composition. Although Pisces dominated the diet of all length classes the portion of Cephalopoda was relatively higher in size between 40 and 50 cm other than length classes. In terms of seasonal variation in feeding habits, Pisces was the main prey group in all seasons, but Cephalopoda was also frequently consumed during spring and autumn based on %IRI.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.7.1-7.8
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• 2018

In this study, we isolated and characterized the acid-soluble skin collagen of Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT, Thunnus orientalis). The PBT skin collagen was composed of two ${\alpha}$ chains (${\alpha}1$ and ${\alpha}2$) and one ${\beta}$ chain. The denaturation temperature of PBT collagen was low although it was rich in proline and hydroxyproline. The primary structure of PBT skin collagen was almost identical to that of calf and salmon skin collagen; however, it differed with respect to the epitope recognition of the antibody against salmon type I collagen. These results suggest that the primary structure of skin collagen was highly conserved among animal species, although partial sequences that included the epitope structure differed among collagens.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2023

The swimming behavior of pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) in the offshore sea cage of the brass fishing net was observed and analyzed by imaging sonar techniques. The cultured fish spent most of the time swimming a circular path along the circular cage wall and continued to swim only clockwise direction without completely changing the swimming direction during the 23-hour observation time. In addition, changed swimming behaviors were divided into four categories: (a) the behavior of a large group temporarily swimming in the opposite (counter clockwise) direction, (b) the behavior of a small group temporarily swimming in a small circular path, (c) the behavior swimming small circular path in the center of the cage, and (d) the behavior of a large group swimming across the center of the cage. The maximum swimming speed of the cultured fish was from 3.5 to 3.8 TL/s, the mode was from 1.2 to 1.4 TL/s and the swimming speed during the day time was faster than at night time. It was confirmed the cultured fish swam not only on the surface but also near the bottom net of the cage during the day, but swam mainly at the upper part of the cage at night.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.22-33
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• 2009

Ecological risk assessment(ERA), developed in Australia, can be used to estimate the risk of target, bycatch and protected species from the effects of fishing using limited data for stock assessment. In this study, we employed the ERA approach to estimate risks to tunas, billfishes, sharks, sea turtles and other species by the Korean tuna longline fishery in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean using productivity and susceptibility analyses of the ERA based on low(<1.30), medium(1.30-1.84) and high risk(>1.84). Albacore, bigeye, yellowfin, skipjack and bluefin tunas were generally evaluated in the medium risk. The susceptibility of tuna species, however, had higher risks than the productivity. Billfishes were also at medium risk, while sharks were at high risk by the tuna longline fishery. The risk of productivity was generally high, because most sharks caught by the tuna longline fishery have high longevities, i.e., over 10 years, including ovoviviparous species. Susceptibility, which is related with the selection of fishing gear, was also high, because the longline fishery has no gear modifications to prevent bycatch of protected species. Not only target tuna species were influenced by the tuna longline fishery in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean, but also nontarget species, such as pomfret, mackerels rays, sea turtle were done. Ecosystem-based fishery assessment tools, such as productivity and susceptibility analysis(PSA), have the ability to provide broad scientific advice to the policy makers and stakeholders.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1.1-1.12
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• 2018

Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) is one of the commercially important species in Korea as well as other countries of the North Pacific. Korean offshore large purse seine fisheries targeting small pelagic fishes such as chub mackerel have caught T. orientalis temporarily in the east of Jeju Island. The catch of T. orientalis in March through June occupied approximately 60% of the total. The monthly catch around Jeju Island from 2004 to 2013 showed a negative correlation (r = - 0.755, p < 0.01) with the seawater temperature at 50 m and had a significant positive correlation (r = 0.856, p < 0.01) with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation Index (PDOI). The highest catch and catch per unit effort (CPUE) of T. orientalis around Jeju Island occurred either when the seawater temperature ranged between 15 and $16^{\circ}C$ at 50 m or when the catch was taken near the frontal area where two water masses from offshore and coastal areas collide. The length of T. orientalis caught around Jeju Island from 2004 to 2013 ranged from 19 to 193 cm in fork length (FL). The time series of the monthly mean FL of T. orientalis had a negative correlation (r = - 0.592, p < 0.01) with the seawater temperature at 50 m and had a significant positive correlation (r = 0.668, p < 0.05) with PDOI.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.272-277
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• 2008

We investigated the growth and survival in seedling production, and growth performance was compared with the different rearing tanks and protein source of formulated feed for juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis (PBT). The survival rate at the end of nursery culture at 30 days after hatching was $0.69{\pm}0.40%$, and total length and mean body weight were $49.83{\pm}2.52\;mm$ and $1.03{\pm}0.09\;g$, respectively. Growth performance has no significant difference in fish reared by different tanks forms for 10 days. In order to develop an artificial diet, we evaluated the dietary utility of enzyme treated fish meal (Bio-CP, BIO) for juvenile PBT. Only diet BIO sustained similar growth and higher feed efficiency, and final carcass lipid content as compared to those of Sand lance (SL) These results revealed that BIO-CP a suitable dietary protein source, could sustain growth of PBT.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2007

For establishing a basal diet for the Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis (PBT), feeding stimulants were initially identified by omission test using the synthetic extract of horse mackerel, Trachurus japonicus. Four feeding trials were conducted using juvenile PBT weighing $9.0{\pm}0.91\;g$ (trial 1, 2 and 3) and $1.6{\pm}0.23\;g$ (trial 4), which were originated from an artificial seedling production. The fish fed the casein diet with each test solution were added at the ratio of 100 g casein diet to 100 g jack mackerel muscle. A complete synthetic extract of jack mackerel containing all 3 fractions, amino acid, nucleotide and organic nitrogenous base, exhibited a comparable feeding stimulant activity compared to that of natural extract. The omission of nucleotide or amino acid fraction showed lower feeding activity, but the omission of other nitrogenous fraction maintained a similar feeding stimulant activity compared to that of the synthetic extract (trial 1). Inosine-5' monophosphate $Na_2$ (IMP) was identified as a major constituent for maintaining feeding activity. The mixture of L-alanine, L-glutamic acid, L-histidine, L-lysine, taurine and IMP induced a similar feeding activity compared to that of the synthetic extract (trial 2 and 3). In trial 4, the highest feeding activity was finally obtained in the mixture of L-histidine, L-glutamine and IMP, followed by the synthetic extract, the mixture of L-lysine, L-alanine and IMP, IMP and the mixture of L-histidine, L-glutamic acid, L-lysine and L-alanine. These results revealed that the mixture of L-histidine, L-glutamic acid and IMP for the proper feeding stimulant of PBT in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 1997

The waste rates of 98 food items after pre-preparation were surveyed to provide database for good menu planning. The waste rates turned out 0-64.27% in vegetables, 6.38-7.03% in potatoes, 6.25-68.75% in fishes and shellfishes, 16.61% in eggs, and 16.00-56.84% in fruits. Foods with high waste rates were vegetables, fishes and shellfishes. Survey results were compared with other food composition tables. Foods with 30% higher waste rate than other food composition tables were squash leaf, pacific ocean perch, sweet potato stalk, water cress, green peas, alaska pollack, bluefin tuna, beka squid, crown daisy, dodok, amaranth, beef ribs. Food which waste rates turned out to be decreased by about 30% in this study were corb shell, pomfret, sea mussel, warty sea squirt. For the menu planning, reasonaly exact waste rates for each food items are essential. Since survey results show significant deviations, there should be more studies for exact waste rates for each food.