• 한국농공학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.55-63
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• 1996

The situation and cause of bund collapse in steep sloping paddy area by a heavy rainfall of Chungbuk Province were investigated by field surveys. Shapes of paddy plots are irregular and average size of them is 12.6a. Surface, groundwater and plot-to-plot irrigations are being carried out in the study plots. The type of bund collapse can be divided as follows: overflow type and inundation type. The overflow type generally occurs at the bund with slope lacking the design standard. The inundation type damages paddy plots more seriously than the overflow type. It induces continuous bund collapse from a inflow-plot to a outflow-plot and includes lots of type (inside paddy) collapse, which results in much subsoil erosion. The installation of mountain stream weir and maintenance of mountain stream are proposed to prevent the inundation type collapse.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.384-389
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• 1989

한국산 미곡 통일형과 자포니카형의 형태적 특성을 구명하기 위하여 1986년에 3개 작물시험장(수원, 밀양 및 이리)에서 생산된 통일형 13품종과 자포니카형 10품종을 공시재료로 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 천입중은 벼, 현미, 백미 모두 두 형간에 유의성이 없었으나 벼와 현미의 무게 차 즉 왕겨층의 무게와 현미와 백미의 무게 차 즉 미강층의 무게에서는 각각 P<2.859** 및 4.316***으로 유의성을 보였으며 왕겨층은 통일형이 미강층은 자포니카형이 컸다. 벼, 현미 및 백미의 입폭은 두 형간에 각각 P<5.189***, 5.289*** 및 5.988*** 그리고 입장은 각각 P<3.016**, 4.419*** 및 5.492***으로 유의성을 보였으며, 입폭과 입두께는 자포니카형이 통일형보다 두꺼웠고, 입장은 통일형이 길었다. 입폭/입두께의 비에서 벼는 두 형간에 P<2.396*으로 유의성이 있었으나 현미와 백미는 유의성이 없었다. 입장/입폭비는 벼 : P<5.525***, 현미 : P<5.495***, 백미 : P<5.863***, 입장/입두께 비는 벼 : P<4.734***, 현미 : P<6.863***, 백미 P<8.425***로 유의성을 보였으며 이들 비는 모두 통일형이 컸다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2013

Paddy rice is rarely used as a feed because of its high fiber content. In this study, two experiments were conducted to study the effects of supplementing an enzyme complex consisting of xylanase, beta-glucanase and cellulase, to paddy-based diets on the performance and nutrient digestibility in meat-type ducks. In the both experiments, meat-type ducks (Cherry Valley) were randomly assigned to four treatments. Treatment 1 was a basal diet of corn-soybean; treatment 2 was a basal diet of corn-paddy-soybean; treatment 3, had enzyme complex added to the corn-paddy-soybean basal diet at levels of 0.5 g/kg diet; and treatment 4, had enzyme complex added to the corn-paddy-soybean diet at levels of 1.0 g/kg diet. The results showed that the enzyme complex increased the ADG, and decreased the ADFI and F/G significantly (p<0.05) in the ducks, and the ADFI for the ducks fed the corn-paddy-soybean diet showed no difference compared to the ducks fed corn-soybean diets at all stages of the experiment (p<0.05). When corn was partially replaced by paddy, the digestibility of CP and NDF was decreased and increased, respectively (p<0.05), and the level of enzyme complex had a significant effect on both CP and NDF digestibility (p<0.05). As for the AME, addition of enzyme complex increased it significantly (p<0.05), but both diet types and levels of enzyme complex had no effect (p>0.05). The outcome of this research indicates that the application of enzyme complex made up of xylanase, beta-glucanase, and cellulase, in the corn-paddy-soybean diet, can improve performance and nutrition digestibility in meat-type ducks.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.429-433
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• 2001

경종조건에 따른 벼 이형주의 발생양상과 특성은 다음과 같다. 1.벼 이형주의 발생량은 종자의 자가 채종년수가 증가할수 록 많았고, 직파재배 포장에서 이앙재배 포장보다 2배 가량 많았다. 2. 재배벼의 재배포장에 장립적미와 단립적미를 인위적으로 산파 하였을 때 담수표면산파 재배에서 기계이앙 재배보다 발생량이 많고 간장이 길고 주당 유효경수가 많았으며, 장립적미가 단립적미보다 이런 특성들을 많이 지녔다. 3. 이앙재배 포장에서 이형주가 재배벼의 포기 밖에서 발생하는 비율은 농가관행재배의 경우 0∼6%인 반면, 장립적미와 단립적미를 인위적으로 산파하였을 때는 70.6∼91.1% 이기 때문에 농가포장에서 발생하는 이형주군의 대부분은 종자흔입에 의해 발생하는 것으로 보아진다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.44-44
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• 2022

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.403-413
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• 2022

Classification and analysis are improved factors for the realtime automation system. In the field of agriculture, the cultivation of different paddy crop depends on the atmosphere and the soil nature. We need to analyze the moisture level in the area to predict the type of paddy that can be cultivated. For this process, Ensemble Modulation Pattern system and Block Probability Neural Network based classification models are used to analyze the moisture and temperature of land area. The dataset consists of the collections of moisture and temperature at various data samples for a land. The Ensemble Modulation Pattern based feature analysis method, the extract of the moisture and temperature in various day patterns are analyzed and framed as the pattern for given dataset. Then from that, an improved neural network architecture based on the block probability analysis are used to classify the data pattern to predict the class of paddy crop according to the features of dataset. From that classification result, the measurement of data represents the type of paddy according to the weather condition and other features. This type of classification model assists where to plant the crop and also prevents the damage to crop due to the excess of water or excess of temperature. The result analysis presents the comparison result of proposed work with the other state-of-art methods of data classification.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1980

Threshing operation may be one of the most important processes in the paddy post-production system as far as the grain loss and labor requirement are concerned . head-feeding type threshers commercially available now in Korea originally were developed for threshing dry paddy in the range of 15 to 17 % in wet basis. However, threshing wet-paddy with the grain moisture content above 20 % has been strongly recommended, especially for new high-yielding Indica -type varieties ; (1) to reduce high grain loss incurred due to the handling operations, and (2) to prevent the quantitative and qualitative loss of milled -rice when unthreshed grains are rewetted due to the rainfall. The objective of this study were to investigate the adaptability of both a head-feeding type thresher and a throw-in type thresher to wet-paddy , and to find out the possiblilities of improving the components of these threshers threshing. Four varieties, Suweon 264 and Milyang 24 as Tongil sister line varieties, minehikari and Jinhueng as Japonica-type varieties, were used at the different levels of the moisture content of grains. Both the feed rate and the cylinder speed were varied for each material and each machine. The thresher output quality , composition of tailing return, and separating loss were analyzed from the sampels taken at each treatment. A separate experiment for measurement opf the power requirement of the head-feeding type thresher was also performed. The results are summarized as follows : 1. There was a difference in the thresher output quality between rice varieties. In case of wet-paddy threshing at 550 rpm , grains with branchlet and torn heads for the Suweon 264 were 12 % and 7 % of the total output in weight, respectively, and for the Minehikari 4.5 % and 2 % respectively. In case of dry paddy threshing , those for the Suweon 264 were 8 % and 5% , and for the Minehikari 4% and 1% respectively. However, those for the Milyang 23 , which is highly susceptable to shattering, were much lower with 1 % and 0.5% respectively, regardless of the moisture content of the paddy. Therefore, it is desirable to breed rice varieties of the same physical properties as well as to improve a thresher adaptable to all the varieties. Torn heads, which increased with the moisture content of rall the varieties except the Milyang 23 , decreased as the cylinder speed increased, but grains with branchlet didnt decrease. The damaged kernels increased with the cylinder speed. 3. The thresher output quality was not affected much by the feed rate. But grains with branchlet and torn heads increased slightly with the feed rate for the head-feeding type thresher since higher resistance lowered at the cylinder speed. 4. In order to reduce grains with branchlet and torn heads in wet-paddy threshing , it is desirable to improve the head-feeding type thresher by developing a new type of cylinder which to not give excess impact on kernels or a concave which has differenct sizes of holes at different locations along the cylinder. 5. For the head-feeding type thresher, there was a difference in separating loss between the varieties. At the cylinder speed of 600 rpm the separating losses for the Minehikari and the Suweon 264 were 1.2% and 0.6% respectively. The separating loss of the head-feeding type thresher was not affected by the moisture content of paddy while that of the Mini-aged thresher increased with the moisture content. 6. From the analysis of the tailings return , to appeared that the tailings return mechanism didn't function properly because lots of single grains and rubbishes were unnecessarily returned. 7. Adding a vibrating sieve to the head-feeding type thresher could increase the efficiency of separation. Consequently , the tailing return mechanism would function properly since unnecessary return could be educed greatly. 8. The power required for the head-feeding type thresher was not affected by the moisture content of paddy, but the average power increased linearly with the feed rate. The power also increased with the cylinder speed.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.128-140
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• 1982

저위(低位) 생산답중(生産畓中)에서 분포면적(分布面積)이 가장 넓고 개량(改良)의 효과(効果)가 큰 사질답(砂質畓)의 분포상태(分布状態) 및 실용적(実用的) 분류(分類)와 더불어 현재(現在) 널리 쓰이고 있는 답류형별(畓類型別) 분류체계(分類体系)의 개선(改善)을 위한 사질답(砂質畓) 유형분류(類型分類) 시안(試案)을 시도(試圖)하여 본 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 현재(現在) 이용(利用)되고 있는 기준(基準)에 의(依)한 사질답(砂質畓)의 잠재생산력(潜在生産力)은 보통답(普通畓)의 86%이었고 생산력(生産力)의 변이정도(変異程度)가 커서 유형재분류(類型再分類)의 필요성(必要性)이 있었다. 2. 현재(現在) 이용(利用)되고 있는 답유형(畓類型) 구분기준중(区分基準中) "사질답(砂質畓)"은 토성(土性)이 사질(砂質)이더라도 습답(湿畓)인 경우(境遇)와 염농도(塩濃度)가 높은 경우(境遇)에는 제외(除外)되고 있으므로 "객토대상지(客土対象地)" 추천(推薦)이 복잡(複雜)하고 제염(除塩)되거나 배수조건(排水條件) 변화시(変化時)에 유형(類型)을 변경분류(変更分類)해야 하였다. 3. 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서 제안(提案)한 사질답분류(砂質畓分類) 시안(試案)에서는 토성(土性)이 사질(砂質)인 모든 답토양(畓土壌)을 포함(包含)시켰으며 수량(收量)에 영향(影響)이 큰 특성(特性)을 기준(基準)하여 개(個)의 아형(亜型)(산화용탈형(酸化溶脫型) 사질답(砂質畓); 건답형(乾畓型), 산화환원중간형(酸化還元中間型) 사질답(砂質畓); 반습답형(半湿畓型), 환원집적형(還元集積型) 사질답(砂質畓); 습답형(湿畓型), 환원염해형(還元塩害型), 사질답(砂質畓), 염해형(塩害型))으로 재분(再分)하였고 각아형(各亜型)은 토성계별(土性系別)로 토양통(土壌統)과 연결(連結)할 수 있었다. 그러므로 시안(試案)의 분류단계(分類段階)는 형(型)(사질답(砂質畓))-아형(亜型)(4개(個))-토성계(土性系)(5등급(等級))-토양통(土壤壌)(48개통(個統))으로 되었다. 4. 시안(試案)과 같이 사질습답(砂質湿畓)과 사질염해답(砂質塩害畓)을 사질답(砂質畓)의 일부(一部)에 포함(包含)시켜 생산력(生産力)의 변이정도(変異程度)를 검정(検定)해 본 결과(結果)는 현행(現行) 체계(体系)에 의(依)한 것보다 개선(改善)되엇다. 5. 전국(全国)의 사질답(砂質畓) 면적(面積)은 409,902ha로서 총(総) 답면적(畓面積)의 32.3%에 해당(該当)되며 시안(試案)대로 분류(分類)하면 38.9%(492,982ha)에 달(達)하였고 절대면적(絶対面積)이 많은 지역(地域)은 경기(京畿)(88,923ha), 전북(全北)(69,717ha), 경북(慶北)(55,390ha) 순(順)이었고 답면적(畓面積) 전체(全体)에 대(対)한 상대적(相対的) 비율(比率)이 높은 지역(地域)은 강원(江原)(58.9%), 경기(京畿)(50.5%), 충북(忠北)(48.5%), 전북(全北)(41.0%)의 순(順)이며 시안(試案)에 의(依)하면 사질답(砂質畓) 면적(面積)은 더욱 높아져서 강원도(江原道)의 경우(境遇)에는 71.4%가 사질질답(砂質質畓)에 해당(該当)되었다. 6. 사질답(砂質畓)은 답토양(畓土壌) 적성등급(適性等級)의 3급지(級地)(69.1%)와 4급지(級地)(29.2%)에 대부분(大部分)이 해당(該当)되었으며 3급지중(級地中)에서는 "3사질(砂質)"(53.3%), 4급지중(級地中)에서는 "4경사(傾斜)"(16.0%)에 해당(該当)하는 토양(土壌)이 가장 많았다. 토성계(土性系)(Texture family)별(別)로는 사양질계(砂壌質系)(Coarse loamy family)가 59.2%로 대부분(大部分)이었고 징사(徵砂) 사양질계(砂壌質系)(Coarse silty)인 것도 전체(全体)의 16.1%에 달(達)하였다. 7. 시안(試案)에 의(依)한 사질답(砂質畓) 아형별(亜型別) 면적(面積)은 반습답형(半湿畓型) 사질답(砂質畓)(酸化還元中間型)이 49.6%(245,012ha)로 가장 많았고 그 다음으로 건답형(乾畓型) 사질답(砂質畓)(산화용탈형(酸化溶脫型))이 33.5%(64,890ha)이었고 습답형(湿畓型)(14.0%)과 염해형(塩害型)(2.9%)도 그 분포면적(分布面積)은 83,081ha에 달(達)하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.268-273
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the specificities of four fulcrum types for geo-statistical analysis of elevation within rice paddy field. In Korea, the spaces between inter-rows and between hills for rice transplanting are 30cm and 11cm to 14cm, respectively. So, the size and shape of fulcrum for field elevation measurement should be considered according to the inter-row and the hill spaces. Four kinds of fulcrum were chosen such as round-shape with 2.5cm diameter, circular-shape with 10cm diameter, 10cm (one third of inter-row space) by 24cm (double of hill space) rectangular-shape, and 20cm (two-thirds of inter-row space) by 24cm rectangular-shape. The resulting descriptive statistics couldn't determine the best fulcrum type to measure the rice paddy field elevation. But the results of geo-statistical analysis could determine the best fulcrum type. In the case of 10cm by 24cm rectangular-shape fulcrum, Nugget and range, meaning measurement error and/or noise, and limit of spatial connection, respectively, were minimum; Q value meaning weight of spatial structure and $r^2$ value were minimum, and residual sum of squares was minimum. It means that 10cm by 24 cm rectangular-shape fulcrum could best describe the rice paddy field elevation.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.62-66
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• 1997

논토양에 대한 전산화(電算化)된 정밀토양조사자료(精密土壤調査資料)를 이용(利用)하여 논토양(土壤) 유형별(類型別) 13개(個) 물리화학적인 특성의 평균치(平均値)를 구하고 토양개량(土壤改良)에 대한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 제공하고자 전산자료를 분석, 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 논토양 B층위(層位)에서의 점토함량은 보통답(普通畓)이 28.3%, 사질답(砂質畓)이 11.8%, 미숙답(未熟畓)이 26.8%이었으며 토양 pH는 습답(濕畓), 특이산성답(特異酸性畓)을 제외하고는 B층(層)이 A층(層)보다 높았다. 2. 보통답중(普通畓中)에서 하천변(河川邊)논 A, B층의 점토함량은 각각 16.8%, 23.1%로 가장 낮았고 유기물함량은 42g/kg, 18g/kg로 가장 많았으며 유효인산함량도 가장 많았다. 3. 논토양 유형별(類型別) B층(層)의 유기물함량수준별 분포비율(分布比率)은 사질답, 미숙답은 10g/kg 이하가 가장 많고 특이산성답을 제외한 각 답유형에서는 10~20g/kg 범위가 가장 많았다. 4. 보통답(普通畓) B층위(層位)에서 물리화학성 상호간의 상관계수(相關係數)는 전부 1~5% 수준내에서 유의성(有意性)이 높았다.