• Title/Summary/Keyword: Particle

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Experimental Analysis on Particle Growth m TEOS/O2 Plasma Reactor (TEOS/O2 플라즈마 반응기에서 미립자 성장에 대한 실험적 분석)

  • Kim, Dong-Joo;Kim, Kyo-Seon
    • Journal of Industrial Technology
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    • v.21 no.B
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    • pp.149-153
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    • 2001
  • A study on the particle growth in $TEOS/O_2$ plasma was performed, and particle size and its distribution was measured by the electrical aerosol analyzer (EAA), light scattering particle size analyzer and the particle size was also determined by SEM. The effects of process variables such as total gas flow rate, reactor pressure, supplied power and initial reactant concentration on the particle growth were investigated. From the EAA results, the particle size distribution is divided into three groups of the cluster size and the small and large size particles. The particle size distribution measured by the light scattering particle size analyzer becomes bimodal, because the cluster size particles smaller than 20 nm in diameter cannot be detected by the light scattering particle size analyzer. The size of particles measured by the light scattering particle size analyzer is in good agreements with those by the SEM. Also we could understand that the particle formation is very sensitive to the changes of reactor pressure and reactant concentration. As the total gas flow rate increases, the particle size decreases because of the shorter residence time. As the reactor pressure, or the reactant concentration increases, the particle concentration increases and the particles grow more quickly by the faster coagulation between particles.

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Rao-Blackwellized Multiple Model Particle Filter Data Fusion algorithm (Rao-Blackwellized Multiple Model Particle Filter자료융합 알고리즘)

  • Kim, Do-Hyeung
    • Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.556-561
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    • 2011
  • It is generally known that particle filters can produce consistent target tracking performance in comparison to the Kalman filter for non-linear and non-Gaussian systems. In this paper, I propose a Rao-Blackwellized multiple model particle filter(RBMMPF) to enhance computational efficiency of the particle filters as well as to reduce sensitivity of modeling. Despite that the Rao-Blackwellized particle filter needs less particles than general particle filter, it has a similar tracking performance with a less computational load. Comparison results for performance is listed for the using single sensor information RBMMPF and using multisensor data fusion RBMMPF.

Vertical Aerosol Distribution and Flux Measurement in the Planetary Boundary Layer Using Drone (드론을 이용한 안면도 상공 대기경계층내의 미세먼지 연직분포 및 Flux 측정)

  • Kim, Heesang;Park, Yonghe;Kim, Wooyoung;Eun, Heeram;Ahn, Kang-Ho
    • Particle and aerosol research
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.35-40
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    • 2018
  • Vertical particle size distribution, total particle concentration, wind velocity, temperature and humidity measurement was performed with a drone. The drone was equipped with a wind sensor, house-made optical particle count(Hy-OPC), condensation particle counter(Hy-CPC), GPS, Temperature, Relative Humidity, Pressure and communication system. Base on the wind velocity and the particle size vertical distribution measurement with drone, the particle mass flux was calculated. The vertical particle distribution showed that the particle number concentration was very strongly correlated with the relative humidity.

Analysis of Particle Motion Impinging on a Flat Plate (평판에 충돌하는 미립자의 유동분석)

  • Kim, Jin;Kim, Byung-Moon
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.9-16
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    • 2002
  • The particles velocity in the instantaneous flow field and velocity change of particles along the jet centerline for various particle diameter in a circular turbulent impingement jet are investigated by using particle image velocimetry(PIV) and an equation of particle motion simplified by terms of inertia forces, drag and gravitational force. The jet Reynolds number was 3300 and 8700, and glass beads of 30,58 and 100$\mu$m in diameter were used. The PIV results show that the direction and size of velocity depends not only on the number density of particle but also on the particle momentum. The results obtained form calculation suggest that the particle velocity near the first impingement region deviated from local air velocity, which accords well with the PIV results. The rebound height of particle increase with the particle diameter. In the second-impingement, particle velocities increased sluggishly with Re=3300 but particle velocities uniformed with Re=8700 in stagnation region.

The Insulation Characteristics by Conducting Particle in GIS (GIS내 금속이물 존재시 절연특성)

  • Cho, Kook-Hee;Kim, Jae-Chul;Kwak, Hee-Ro
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2004.05b
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    • pp.105-108
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    • 2004
  • This paper describes the influence of conducting particle in the coaxial cylindrical electrodes under alternating voltage condition investigated using breakdown electric field and electro magnetics simulation method. Simulated particle-location in GIS chamber were the particle on electrode, the particle on enclosure and free moving particle. As results, it was founded that in case of breakdown electric field of the GIS chamber, breakdown electric field of particle on electrode was the lowest, that of free moving particle was middle and that of particle on enclosure was the highest. And in case of the electric field analysis with particle locations, electric field of particle on electrode was the highest that of lifted particle was middle and that of particle on enclosure was the lowest. This results can offer a practical reference ra the insulation design of domestic GIS.

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Effect of Particle Loading Ratio and Orifice Exit Velocity on a Particle-Laden Jet

  • Paik, Kyong-Yup;Yoon, Jung-Soo;Hwang, Jeong-Jae;Chung, Jae-Mook;Bouvet, Nicolas;Yoon, Young-Bin
    • International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.296-304
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    • 2011
  • In order to design a shear coaxial injector of solid particles with water, basic experiments on a particle laden jet are necessary. The purpose of the present study is to understand the effect of particle loading ratio on the particle spray characteristics (i.e. spreading angle, distribution of particle number density, velocity profiles, and particle developing region length). Hydro-reactive Al2O3 particles with a primary particle diameter of 35~50 ${\mu}m$ are used in this experiment. An automated particle feeder was designed to supply constant particle mass flowrates. Air is used as the carrier gas. To determine the air velocity at the orifice exit, tracers (aluminum oxide, 0.5~2 ${\mu}m$ primary diameter) are also supplied by a tracer feeder. A plain orifice type injector with 3 mm diameter, and 20 mm length was adopted. Particle image velocimetry is used to measure the mean and fluctuating velocity components along the axial and radial directions.

Combustion Characteristics of Coal Particle Array (미분탄 입자들의 배열에 따른 연소특성)

  • Cho, Chong-Pyo;Kim, Ho-Young;Chung, Jin-Taek
    • 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2004.11a
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    • pp.117-123
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    • 2004
  • The burning characteristics of interacting coal particles in a convective flow are numerically investigated at various Reynolds numbers. The transient combustion of 2-dimensionally arranged particles, both the fixed particle distances of 5 radii to 20 radii horizontally and 3 radii to 24 radii vertically, is studied. The results obtained from the present numerical analysis reveal that the transient flame configuration and retardation of particle temperature augmentation with the horizontal or vertical particle spacing substantially influence devolatilization process and carbon conversion ratio of interacting particles. Volatile release and carbon conversion ratio of the second particle with decreasing horizontal and vertical particle spacing decrease gradually, whereas those of the first particle with decreasing vertical particle spacing increases due to flow acceleration. When the vertical particle spacing is smaller than $6R_{o}$, volatile release and carbon conversion ratio of the second particle decrease greatly due to reduction of flame penetration depth.

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Effects of Particle Size and Gelatinization of Job's Tears Powder on the Instant Properties

  • Han, Sung-Hee;Park, Soo-Jea;Lee, Seog-Won;Rhee, Chul
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.67-73
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    • 2010
  • The effects of particle sizes (small, medium and large sizes) and gelatinization treatment on the changes of the instant properties of Job's tears powder were investigated. The degree of gelatinization on the different particle size samples of Job's tears powder was the highest in the small particle size, and it also showed an increasing trend regardless of pregelatinizing whether it is or not as the particle size decreased from large particle size to small particle size. The water solubility index of the pregelatinized samples was high compared to that of ungelatinized samples regardless of particle size and temperatures. The water absorption and swelling power increased as particle size and temperature were increased. The dispersibility and sinkability of ungelatinized sample was increased as particle size and temperature were increased and it also showed lower value regardless of particle size and temperature. However, the dispersibility and sinkability of pregelatinized samples were shown to have the opposite result, such that the smallest particle size of pregelatinized sample had the lowest sinkability (11.3%). The turbidity of the pregelatinized small particle size was the highest by a factor of 1.08.

DISCRETE PARTICLE SIMULATION OF DENSE PHASE PARTICULATE FLOWS

  • Tsuji Y.
    • 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2005.10a
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    • pp.11-19
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    • 2005
  • First, methods of numerical analysis of gas-particle flows is classified into micro, meso and macro scale approaches based on the concept of multi-scale mechanics. Next, the explanation moves on to discrete particle simulation where motion of individual particles is calculated numerically using the Newtonian equations of motion. The author focuses on the cases where particle-to-particle interaction has significant effects on the phenomena. Concerning the particle-to-particle interaction, two cases are considered: the one is collision-dominated flows and the other is the contact-dominated flows. To treat this interaction mathematically, techniques named DEM(Distinct Element Method) or DSMC (Direct Simulation Monte Carlo) have been developed DEM, which has been developed in the field of soil mechanics, is useful for the contact -dominated flows and DSMC method, developed in molecular gas flows, is for the collision-dominated flows. Combining DEM or DSMC with CFD (computer fluid dynamics), the discrete particle simulation becomes a more practical tool for industrial flows because not only the particle-particle interaction but particle-fluid interaction can be handled. As examples of simulations, various results are shown, such as hopper flows, particle segregation phenomena, particle mixing in a rotating drum, dense phase pneumatic conveying, spouted bed, dense phase fluidized bed, fast circulating fluidized bed and so on.

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Development of Particle Detection Chamber for Particle Counter (미세 입자 계수기를 위한 입자 검출 챔버 개발)

  • Ohm, Woo Yong
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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    • v.51 no.1
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    • pp.219-224
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    • 2014
  • In this paper, we study the scattering characteristics of particle using Mie scattering based on various variables such as particle size and refraction of particle, wavelength of laser and angle of receiver to get diffuse light. And we consist a optical system for particle detection, then analyzed the characteristics of the optical system. And based on these characteristics, we develop a particle detection chamber for particle counter and shows experiment result.