• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.201-220
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• 2007

This research is designed to analyze the metacognitive thinking that mathematically gifted elementary students use to solve problems, study the effects of the metacognitive function on the problem-solving process, and finally, present how to activate their metacognitive thinking. Research conclusions can be summarized as follows: First, the students went through three main pathways such as ARE, RE, and AERE, in the metacognitive thinking process. Second, different metacognitive pathways were applied, depending on the degree of problem difficulty. Third, even though students who solved the problems through the same pathway applied the same metacognitive thinking, they produced different results, depending on their capability in metacognition. Fourth, students who were well aware of metacognitive knowledge and competent in metacognitive regulation and evaluation, more effectively controlled problem-solving processes. And we gave 3 suggestions to activate their metacognitive thinking.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.879-902
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the levels of hope and their relationship with problem behavior, academic records and procrastination among rural adolescents. The participants were 579 rural middle and high school students from three counties. The major results of the study were as follows. First, pathway and agency thinking of rural adolescents were negatively correlated with depression and anxiety, and were positively correlated with academic records and procrastination. But only agency thinking of rural adolescents were negatively correlated with delinquency among problem behaviors. Second, as a result of multivariate analysis of variance, groups of high hope of rural adolescents were lower in depression and anxiety than groups of low hope, but were higher in academic records and procrastination.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.159-175
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• 2022

As creativity is a crucial attribute for companies' survival and innovative success, many firms encourage and implement ways to promote employee creativity. Previous studies in the dual pathway to creativity model have shown that creativity can be enhanced when either the cognitive flexibility or cognitive persistence path is triggered. Although individuals have different personal traits, prior research has rarely investigated whether one pathway is more effective for a certain personality in promoting creativity than the other. Using attachment theory, we examined the influence of attachment style on the degree of the impact of each path on creativity. Specifically, we hypothesized that securely attached people would show higher creativity only when they use the cognitive flexibility path. Data from the US support our hypothesis. Our research highlights that the link between cognitive flexibility and creativity is salient when securely attached people use the cognitive flexibility path because of the strong fit between secure attachment and flexible thinking.

• ALGAE
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.359-377
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• 2017

Pyropia haitanensis (T. J. Chang et B. F. Zheng) N. Kikuchi et M. Miyata is one of the most commercially useful macroalgae cultivated in southeastern China. In red algae, the biosynthesis of terpenoids through 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway can produce a direct influence on the synthesis of many biologically important metabolites. In this study, two genes of cDNAs, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductase (DXR), which encoding the first two rate-limiting enzymes among MEP pathway were cloned from P. haitanensis. The cDNAs of P. haitanensis DXS (PhDXS) and DXR (PhDXR) both contained complete open reading frames encoding polypeptides of 764 and 426 amino acids residues, separately. The expression analysis showed that PhDXS was significant differently expressed between leafy thallus and conchocelis as PhDXR been non-significant. Additionally, expression of PhDXR and its downstream gene geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase were both inhibited by fosmidomycin significantly. Meanwhile, we constructed types of phylogenetic trees through different algae and higher plants DXS and DXR encoding amino acid sequences, as a result we found tree clustering consequences basically in line with the "Cavalier-Smith endosymbiotic theory." Whereupon, we speculated that in red algae, there existed only complete MEP pathway to meet needs of terpenoids synthesis for themselves; Terpenoids synthesis of red algae derivatives through mevalonate pathway came from two or more times endosymbiosis of heterotrophic eukaryotic parasitifer. This study demonstrated that PhDXS and PhDXR could play significant roles in terpenoids biosynthesis at molecular levels. Meanwhile, as nuclear genes among MEP pathway, PhDXS and PhDXR could provide a new way of thinking to research the problem of chromalveolata biological evolution.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to theoretically understand hope theory suggested by Snyder and confirm its utility in the school settings. We analyzed the survey data responded by general high school students to find clustering types of hope and mean difference of learning strategies by each type through ANOVA. Results are as follows. First, hope by cluster analysis resulted in four types. Second, hope and learning strategy showed statistically positive correlation. Especially two sub-variables of hope and meta-cognition had highest correlation. Researchers suggested the direction of a future study to investigate structural relation among hope profile, student achievement, adjustment, and etc.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.139-146
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• 2012

This study aimed at identifying the correlation of satisfaction with life and related variables, and the variables influencing the satisfaction with life of women immigrants. The subjects for the study were 108 couple of multicultural families. The main results were as follows. First, women immigrants' satisfaction with life and hope were positively correlated with husbands' hope and satisfaction with life, and negatively correlated with marital conflict. But there were no significant correlation with marital conflict. Second, the result of regression analysis showed that predictors influencing satisfaction with life of women immigrants were women immigrants' agency thinking and husbands' satisfaction with life.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.29-37
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting self-directed learning of workers. For this purpose, 335 workers were surveyed in two cities in the northwestern part of Chungcheongnamdo. The research was carried out by difference test to identify the diffrence of self-directed learning according to general characteristics and by correlation analysis of main variables. Also in order to identify the effect of hope and growth mindset on self-directed learning, hierarchical regression analysis was conducted by diving the group into employee-level and higher employee-level. The main results are as follows. First, Self-directed learning differed by gender. Second, correlation analysis revealed that hope, growth mindset and self-directed learning were positively correlated. Third, regression analysis showed that the pathway thinking of hope and the intelligence of the growth mindset influenced self-directed learning of employee-level workers. And it showed that the pathway thinking of hope influenced self-directed learning of higher employee-level workers. Finally, we discussed policies to enhance workers' self-directed learning based on positions.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.397-405
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• 2013

This study examined the effects of leisure satisfaction and hope on korean university adjustment of Chinese students. The data were collected from 361 chinese students among three universities located in Chungnam, Seoul and Incheon. Frequency, reliability, mean comparison, correlation, and hierarchical regression analysis. The results were as follows. First, chinese students in the language training group was better in the Korean university adjustment than those in each group of undergraduate and graduate students. The chinese students who stayed less than six months in Korea were better in the Korean university adjustment than those who stayed more than 6 months. Second, there was the significant positive relationship among chinese students' korean university adjustment, leisure satisfaction, and hope. Third, leisure satisfaction and hope significantly influenced korean university adjustment of chinese students. Among them, leisure satisfaction influenced most. korean university adjustment.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.189-194
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• 2021

This study was conducted with the purpose of examining the moderating effect of hope between fear of negative evaluation and self-esteem of workers. For this purpose, a total of 34 workplaces located in Seoul, Daejeon, and Chungcheong were selected and surveyed, and a total of 301 copies of the collected questionnaires were analyzed excluding unfaithful responses. The collected data were subjected to correlation analysis, and regression analysis of moderating effect. The research results are as follows. First, fear of negative evaluation did not show a significant correlation with other variables. However, there was a significant positive correlation between the remaining variables. Second, as a result of regression analysis of moderating effect, the moderating effect of agency thinking of hope was identified between fear of negative evaluation and self-esteem. However, the moderating effect of the pathway thinking of hope has not been identified. Finally, based on this study, we discussed ways to increase the self-esteem that was lowered due to the fear of negative evaluation, and specifically suggested program development and policies using hope.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.629-641
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• 2016

Understanding of how teachers change instruction can help predict what kind of educational materials is supportive or appropriate. On the basis of this idea, we explored elementary teachers' PCK progression on specific topics of astronomy: planet size and distance in solar system. To identify the development of PCK over time, we utilized learning progression (LP) as a conceptual framework. The progression of teacher PCK can also be illustrated as the hypothetical pathway from novice to expert like LP. Eight 5th grade elementary teachers participated in this study. We observed participating teachers' astronomy classes with the same topic. In order to document topic-specific PCK of participating teachers, we developed an analytic protocol consisting of four categories: knowledge of curriculum, knowledge of teaching strategies, knowledge of assessment, and astronomical thinking practice. In addition, we monitored the changes in the four participating teachers' PCK for two years in order to validate the evidences of the PCK progression. Participating teachers in this study took some intervention by attending a four-week pre-meeting with the researchers to profile an adaptive instruction. Through this research, we profiled four and five different levels of PCK progressions in three knowledge components (curriculum, teaching strategies, student assessment) and one astronomical thinking practice (systems thinking), respectively. Participating teachers demonstrated various levels and pathways in each component of PCK. This study released the empirical evidences in fostering instructional scaffolding, which is appropriate to the level of PCK of science teachers on specific topic.