• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.633-643
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• 2002

Purpose : This study was conducted to develop a patient classification system for hemodialysis and to test its validity and reliability. Method : The process of the system development was as below. The lists of hemodialysis nursing activities were collected from literature and hemodialysis practice guideline and they were classified into 10 factors and 16 elements. And then, 4 classification levels were identified for each element. The content validity and interrater reliability of developed patient classification system were tested. Result & Conclusion : 10 factors of patient classification system for hemodialysis were consisted of psychosocial support, mobility, access, teaching, assessment, stability, supportive therapy, test, general nursing during hemodialysis, hemodialysis room management. According to validity and reliability results and experts' opinions, 4 classification levels revised to 3 classification levels and 2 elements were deleted. Finally, patient classification system were consisted of 10 factors, 14 elements, 3 classification levels, 3 categories.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1243-1253
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to verify the validity of the Patient Severity Classification Tool by examining the correlations between the APACHE Ⅲ and the Patient Severity Classification Tool and to propose admission criteria to the ICU. The instruments used for this study were the APACHE Ⅲ developed by Knaus and the Patient Severity Classification Tool developed by Korean Clinical Nurses Association. Data was collected from the 156 Medical ICU patients during their first 24 hours of admission at the Seoul National University Hospital by three trained Medical ICU nurses from April 20 to August 31 1999. Data were analyzed using the frequency, $x^2$, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Spearman rho. There was statistically significant correlations between the scores of the APACHE III and the Patient Severity Classification Tool. Mortality rate was increased as patients classification of severity in both the APACHE III and the Patient Severity Classification Tool scored higher. The Patient Severity Classification Tool was proved to be a valid and reliable tool, and a useful tool as one of the severity predicting factors, ICU admission criteria, information sharing between ICUs, quality evaluations of ICUs, and ICU nurse staffing.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.9-23
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• 1987

Nursing service, as the largest user of labor resources, has become concerned about appropriate allocation of staffing resources. Therefore, this project was designed to measure quantitatively the direct nursing care provided to patients and to develop a new patient classification system based on the direct nursing care activities. The initial step in the development of the classification instrument was to identify the content of direct nursing activities. The frequency with which these activities were carried out, the total time spent in carrying them out and the average time for one performance of each of the nursing activities was calculated. The next step was to select the items for the classification instrument taking into account these direct nursing activities. A list of 40 items was prepared. These items were then classified into 8 major categories: personal hygiene, moving ＆ exercise, nutrition & elimination, observation, medication, treatment, collecting specimens and other care activities for severity ill patients. Each item was assigned a value unit based on the average time required by the nursing staff to complete the specific item. The third step was to determine the practicality of the items and value units, so an attempt was made to establish content validity for these items and units by obtaing a consensus from 8 head nurses, representing eight different departments. The 4th step was to conducted a pilot study to establish the score range for the classification boundaries. For this purpose an instrument was designed using the list of items and value units and a prepared classification criteria as a guideline to validate the patient classification. A judgment group consisting of 52 supervisory nurses and head nurses were asked to select the proper patient to fit each classification criteria and to fill out the instrument for each patient. The total value unit and the frequency for each classification group was calculated. According to the frequency distribution, the score range for the classification group was determined as follows : 0~15 for groupI, 16~30 for group II, 31~50 for group III, and above 51 for group IV. Finally a patient classification form was developed.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.183-195
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the variations of nursing care cost depending on nursing care requirement and calculate nursing care cost per one day and one care requirement point. Methods: Nursing care requirement was measured by classifying 3,855 patients according to KPCS-1(Korean Patient Classification System for nurses-1). Nursing care cost was calculated from personnel expenses and nursing care requirement. Nursing cost factors were identified by multiple regression analysis. Results: Average nursing cost per patient per day was 33,588 won, Average nursing care cost per 1 patient classification score was 3,558 won. The nursing cost per 1 patient classification score was different depending on the types and levels of the hospitals. The 4th patient classification group revealed the highest nursing care cost. Nursing cost factors included the number of beds in the hospitals, seniority, number of nurses and first grade in nurse personnel accreditation ($adj-R^2$ 74.0%. p<.05). Conclusion: Nursing care requirements expressed by patient classification scores don't directly correlate with nursing care cost. Further research is needed to evaluate validity and reliability for refining KPCS-1 and to apply variable criteria to nurse personnel accreditation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2001

This study was a methodological research to develop computerized patient classification system. The subjects of this investigation were 435 inpatients except redundant data and outliers in P University Hospital from January 18, 2000 to January 24, 2000. The data was analyzed by discrimination analysis and adopted discriminant variables were 1) sum of frequency for the nursing activities, 2) the number of nursing activities that do not need to consider intensity of the activities, and 3) total hours of nursing activities that need to consider their intensities. Discriminant function developed by this study classified the patients into 4 groups; class I, 251 ; class II, 125 ; class III, 39 ; class IV, 20. The Hit ratio was 89.23. Based on this study, following suggestions can be made for the future research 1. Inclusive patient classification system, which includes more expanded direct nursing care factors, need to be developed and examined. 2. This developed classification system can be utilized to evaluate patient distribution and to estimate adequate numbers of nursing staffs in each nursing unit.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.24-35
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• 2020

Purpose : This study aimed to determine whether the Korean Patient Classification System for Neonatal Care Nurses (KPCSN) properly measures neonatal intensive care needs and to compare the scale's results with those of the Workload Management System for Critical Care Nurses (WMSCN). Methods : Data were collected from the medical records of 157 patients who were admitted to the NICU of a university hospital, in D city. Two types of patient classification systems were applied to investigate the total points and distributions to investigate the total points and distributions by categories and compare relationships and classification groups between two scales. Finally, the score distribution among the classification groups was analyzed when the KPCSN was applied. Results : Scores on the KPCSN for the feeding, monitoring, and measure categories were 19.16±15.40, 16.88±3.52, and 9.13±4.78, respectively. Classification group distribution of the KPCSN was as follows : 1.9% for the first group, 24.2% for the second group, 58% for the third group, and 15.9% for the fourth group. The classification group distribution of the WMSCN was as follows: 35.7% for the third group, 61.1% for the fourth group, and 3.2% for the fifth group. Finally, the scores by categories were analyzed according to KPCSN classification group, and the characteristics of the patients' nursing needs were identified for each classification group. Conclusion : Results of this study indicate that the KPCSN effectively measures feeding needs, which account for many nursing activities in neonatal intensive care. Comparisons between the KPCSN and WMSCN classification group scores and distribution ratios verified the correlation and significance of nursing requirements.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.113-126
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to revise the KPCS-1 and to standardize the three patient classification systems for general ward, ICU and NICU. The actual utilization of the KPCS-1 score and each nursing activity was evaluated and the relationships between KPCS-1 score and nursing related variables were reviewed. Methods: The 47,711 KPCS-1 scores of 6,931 patients who discharged from $1^{st}$ to $30^{th}$ April 2017 were analyzed and the statistical significance between KPCS-1 score and nursing related variables was reviewed by Generalized Estimating Equation. The revision of the KPCS-1 was carried out by Partial Least Square model. The 3 patient classification systems (KPCS-1,KPCSC and KPCSN) were standardized by professional reviews. Results: KPCS-1 was a valid instrument to express nursing condition adequately and was revised as a new version which has 34 nursing activity items. The names and terminologies of pre-existing 3 patient classification systems developed by KHNA were standardized as KPCS-GW, KPCS-ICU, KPCS-NICU. Conclusion: KPCS-1 was a valid instrument to represent diverse nursing conditions precisely and was revised as a 34-item KPCS-GW. The terminologies of the other patient classification systems by KHNA were standardized as KPCS-ICU and KPCS-NICU.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.5-17
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was to develop a factor-type patient classification system for general nursing unit based on nursing needs (KPCS; Korean patient classification system for nurses). Method: We reviewed workload management system for nurses(WMSN) of Walter Reed Medical Center, Korean patient classification system for ICU, and nursing activities in nursing records and developed the first version of KPCS. The final version KPCS was evaluated via validity and reliability verifications based on panel discussions and data from 800 patient classifications. Content validity was performed by Delphi method and concurrent validity was verified by the correlation of two tools (r=.71). Construct validity was also tested by medical department (p<.001), patient type (p<.001), and nurse intuition (p<.001). These verifications were performed from April to October, 2008. Results: The KPCS has 75 items in classifying 50 nursing activities, and categorized into 12 different nursing area (measuring vital sign, monitoring, respiratory treatment, hygiene, diet, excretion, movement, examination, medication, treatment, special treatment, and education/emotional support). Conclusion: The findings of the study showed sound reliability and validity of KPCS based on nursing needs. Further study is mandated to refine the system and to develop index score to estimate the necessary number of nurses for adequate care.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of study was to determine differences in patient outcomes that exists in terms of Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) during hospital days of neurosurgical and respiratory patients. Method: Before starting clinical practicum, nursing students were received two hours' lecture on how to apply NOC to patient care plan and they were required to evaluate patient condition using NOC at the beginning and at the end of their clinical practicum. Data were extracted from 62 neurosurgical patients and 66 respiratory patients and analyzed by frequency and paired t-test. Results: The most frequently used NOC were Pain Level (37.1%), Mobility Level (25.8%), and Bowel Elimination (19.4%) in neurosurgical patients and Nutritional Status (37. 9%), Respiratory Status: Ventilation (37.9%) and Pain Level (25.8%) in respiratory patients. The numbers of outcomes used were 75 and 46 neurosurgical and respiratory patients respectively. During the hospital days, the level of patient outcomes increased significantly in all patient groups. Conclusion: The finding clearly suggests that nursing interventions make differences in patient outcomes and make contribution to the patient health achieved. To more effectively use NOC, however, nursing information system should be developed and included standardized nursing languages regarding nursing diagnoses and interventions.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.209-218
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to setup the basis on hospital and national nursing manpower estimation accurately according to apply patient classification system of Song's study to China hospital system. Method: This study was surveyed to 964 patients at surgical and medical ward on Yanbian University Hospital in China from 17th to 31th January, 2005. Results: There was study results to test hypotheses for estimating optimal nursing manpower as follows. First, a trimodel classification scheme was developed which suggested three categories of patients as minimal care(category 1), moderate care(category 2), intensive care(category 3). Second, there was not significant difference with nursing time by sex. Third, there was not significant difference with nursing time by medical wards. Fourth, there was not significant difference with average nursing care time for each category of patients. Category 1 was estimated to spend average 19.59minutes for patients, Category 2 was about 35.68 minutes, Category 3 was 72.07minutes respectively. Total nursing hours was 62,610 minutes. Conclusion: Patient classification system of Song's study is validity for optimal nursing manpower of hospital in China.