• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.239-243
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• 2007

When Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCs) are applied in cosmetic products, they have many merits because of unique feeling and characters. However, it is very difficult to use them as cosmetic ingredients because they are insoluble material in oil and water and have high specific gravity. To develop a special system to stabilize PFCs in cosmetic products, we compared three systems, of gel network system, spherulite lamellar system, and nanostructure system. We found that nanostructure system was the optical system for stabilizing PFCs.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.331-346
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• 2010

Perfluorinated compounds have characteristics of resistance to heat, acidic, basic conditions and also resist water, oil, grease, pollutant. Futhermore they are used by various industrial material, nowadays, they produced in large scale for indutrial and commercial areas. However, they also resist metabolizing and degrading in environmental system (plant, animal, even human body). Moreover, in animal's bodies, PFCs can be accumulated in organ (eg; liver) and lead to liver cell necrosis even oncogenesis. Perfluorinated compounds are newly registered as new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on Stockholm convention in 2009. Therefore necessity for analytical methodology for determination of PFCs in various environmental samples is even more increased. This study discussed sample preparation and instrumental conditions for the analysis of PFCs in environmental and biota samples.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.1305-1308
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• 2010

Regioselective perfluorinated isoxazolidine (5 and 7), isoxazoline (9) and 1,2-addition products (6 and 8) having a long alkyl chain functionality have been prepared by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between a 1,3-dipole (NH-nitrone or nitrile oxide) and dipolarophile (perfluoro-2-methyl-2-pentene or styrene), respectively. Interestingly, unusual extended conjugated form of isoxazoline adduct (10) was obtained by dehydrofluorinated reaction from the corresponding perfluorinated isoxazoline adduct (9) which was derived from cycloadition between the perfluorinated long alkyl nitrile oxide 1,3-diplole and styrene olefin. This synthetic methodology of heterocyclic compound having a long alkyl chain functionality is useful for the designing of synthetic strategy and potential self-assembled monolayers (SAM) application. These derivatives were characterized by IR, $^1H$ and $^{19}F$ NMR, and MASS analysis.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.1172-1176
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• 2010

Regioselective perfluorinated [3+2] cycloadducts and 1,2-adducts have been prepared by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between benzaldoxime NH-nitrone and perfluorinated alkene, perfluoro-2-methyl-2-pentene. Although the cycloaddition reaction is carried out at room temperature, the corresponding perfluorinated compounds are effectively produced in a high yield. In particular, the methoxy-substituted adducts (4 and 7a) show the self-assembled structure by intermolecular interactions. These derivatives were characterized by IR, $^1H$ and $^{19}F$ NMR, and the absolute structure of perfluorinated adducts was confirmed by X-ray crystallography.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1151-1160
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• 2009

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been recognized as emerging environmental pollutants and are widely distributed all over the world. These compounds are hardly degradable and cause bioaccumulation and biomagnification during present for a long time in the environment: thereby after adversely biota and human bodies. It is difficult to remove PFCs using conventional water/wastewater treatment because of resistant property to photodecomposition, biodegradation and chemical decomposition. Moreover, domestic literature data on the pollution of PFCs in rivers and lakes are limited. In this paper, species, sources and risk of PFCs as well as behavior properties in drinking water/wastewater and treatment processes are demonstrated to encourage the domestic concern about PFCs.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.229-240
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• 2010

During the last decade, perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have gained more attention due to their toxicity and global distribution. The aim of this study was to examine the distribution and bioaccumulation of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in aquatic wildlife effected from a sewage treatment plant. The concentrations of 12 PFCs were determined in water, sediment and fish samples. PFOS were predominantly detected in both ambient environment and fish. In fish, the concentration of PFCs in blood was the highest (i.e., 112.47 ng/mL wet-wt. PFOS) in comparison to other tissues. However, PFOA and PFHpS were highly detected in gonad as 3.87 and 4.58 ng/g wet-wt., respectively. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of PFCs was greatest in the blood > liver${\cong}$gonad > kidney > gill, and lowest in the muscle tissue. The BCFs of PFUnDA (39,000), PFDA (2,700) and PFOS (1,100) were rated as high values based on wet weight concentration. BCFs increased with increasing the length of the perfluoralkyl chain.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.673-684
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• 2021

Raw leachates from three landfills and treated leachates from two landfills on Jeju Isalnd were analyzed for ten perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) detected in aquaruc environments. The leachates were collected six times in 2014 and 2015. Among the ten PFCs, three were not detected, namely perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA), perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA), and perfluorodecane sulfonate (PFDS). The total concentrations of PFCs ranged as 724-3313 ng/L (mean 1999 ng/L) in raw leachates and from less than the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 394 ng/L (mean 133.2 ng/L) in treated leachates. The domonant compounds measured were perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (mean contribution 37.7%) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) (mean contribution 38.2%) in raw leachates, and PFOA (mean contribution 40.7%), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) (mean contribution 27.3%) and PFBS (mean contribution 26.5%) in treated leachates. No significant correlations were observed between total/several individual PFCs and leachate pH and COD_Cr, which may be due to complex chemical nature of landfill leachates and characteristics of waste and landfills.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.286-297
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• 1973

Polyfluorocycloalkenyllithium compounds have been prepared by exchange reaction with 1,2-dihalopolyfluorocycloalkenes and alkyllithium reagents. Their reactions with mercuric, arsenic and dimethyl germanium halides are described and the chemistry of these compounds discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.491-499
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• 2017

The chemical structures of perfluorinated compounds(PFCs) have unique properties such as thermal and chemical stability that make them useful components in a wide variety of consumer and industrial products. Two of these PFCs, perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA), have received attention and were the most commonly detected. In this study it was analyzed the concentrations of 8 PFCs in samples were collected from drinking water treatment plants for 5 years(2012-2016). PFOS and PFOA were also high concentration and frequency. The mean concentrations of PFOA and PFOS were detected $0.0026-0.0069{\mu}g/L$ and $0.0009-0.0024{\mu}g/L$ in samples from drinking water treatment plants. These were relatively lower or similar compared to PFOS concentrations in Osaka(Japan). In general, these levels are below health-based values set by international authoritative bodies for drinking water. These results will be serve as the first monitoring data for PFCs in drinking water and be useful for characterizing the concentration distribution and management of PFCs in future studies.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.555-559
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• 2016

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are linked to adverse effect on human healths, therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the levels of PFCs in prepared food. One hundred and fifty-one samples of six prepared food groups were purchased from retail food establishments in Korea. Twelve PFCs were detected in the sample, the accuracy ranged between 80.8-119.4% and precision ranged between 2.2-2.89% high and low concentrations in PFCs spiked samples. The detection frequency of perfluoro-pentanoic acid (PFPeA) was and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) above the limit of detection, which was 84.1 and 82.8%, respectively, but positive detection frequency of perfluorooctanesulphonic acid (PFOS) was as shown as low as 29.1%. Residual PFOA levels in most of the samples were higher than the PFOS levels. The average concentration of total PFCs in the samples was $1.68{\pm}1.79ng/g$, and PFPeA and PFOA were the predominant PFCs.