• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.25-33
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• 2004

Objective : The effects of Indium-Gallium-Aluminium-Phosphide(InGaAlP) laser transcutaneous irradiation on heart rate variability(HRV) in healthy adults are investigated with power spectrum analysis(PSA) of HRV. Methods : The control group consisted of 20 healthy volunteers (10 men, 10 women). The experiment was divided into 5 different periods, the pre-1st laser period(10 minutes), the 1st laser period(30 minutes), the post-1st laser period(5 minutes), the 2nd laser period( 30 minutes) and the post-2nd laser period(30 minutes). HRV was measured for 5 minutes at the pre-1 st laser period, the post-l st laser period and the post-2nd laser period. The laser period is the period in which InGaAlP laser transcutaneous Irradiation treatment occurs. Results : 1. SDNN of volunteers at post-1st laser period and post-2nd laser period significantly increased compared with that of the pre- 1 st laser period. 2, Ln(VLF) at post-I st laser period significantly increased compared with that of pre-1st laser period, while Ln(HF) at post-2nd laser period significantly decreased compared with those of pre- I st laser period and post-1st laser period, 3. Ln(TP) at post-1st laser period and post-2nd laser period significantly increased compared with that of pre-1st laser period, 4, LF/HF Ratio at post-2nd laser period significantly increased compared with those of pre-1st laser period and post-1st laser period. But the other variables did not significantly change. Conclusions : The results suggest that InGaAlp laser transcutaneous Irradiation in healthy adults is associated with the autonomic nervous systems. Further study is needed for investigating the effects of laser irradiation on autonomic nervous systems.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.246-257
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• 1987

The present study was conducted to examine the effect of an increased level of dietary sodium on calcium excretion in 8 health young adult Korean women on a controlled diet. After adaptation period of 2 days, each subject received 2811.8$\pm$68.1 mgNa(day during the initial period of 5 days (low sodium period) and 6417.1$\pm$248.6mgNa(day during the following period of 5 days (high sodium period). Calcium intake was 593.7$\pm$15.7 mg Ca/day during the low sodium period of 596.1$\pm$25.1 Ca/day duing the high sodium period. When the low sodium period is compared with the high soidum period, the results were as following. 1) Mean urinary sodium excretion was significantly higher during the high sodium period (5760.1$\pm$156.5mg0 than during the low sodium period (2272.2$\pm$108.6mg)(P<0.001). Fecal sodium excretion of the high sodium period was also significantly higher than that of the low sodium period(P<0.001). Mean value of sodium balance during the high sodium period was higher than that of the low sodium period . However, the difference was not significant. 2) Mean urinary calcium excretion was significantly higher during the high sodium period than during the low sodium period ; mean value of the low sodium period was 124.7$\pm$11.3mg and that of the high sodium period was 202.6$\pm$17.2mg)P<0.001). Fecal calcium excretion was higher during the high sodium period (284.9$\pm$31.0mg) than during the low sodium period (253.9$\pm$15.3mg0, but there was no significance. Mean value of calcium balance during the high sodium period was significantly lower than that of the low sodium period(P<0.001). The above results show that high sodium intake increases calcium excretion as well as sodium excretion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.49
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• pp.25-48
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to offer fundamental data for classification of somatotype for boys of elementary school age. The subject were 458 elementary school boys aged from 7 to 12 living in Pusan, Data were collected by 57 anthropometric and 11 photographic measurements and analyzed by factor analysis according to SAS package 1. Through the factor analysis by each period of school ages 6-7 factor were obtained in upper half and they are as followings: 1) Factor 1 is horizontal size of upper half in every period 2) Factor 2 is vertical size of upper half in every period 3) Factor 3 is shoulder shape in the first period and length of upper half in the middle and latter period 4) Facto 4 sis length of upper half in the first period and shoulder shape in the middle and latter period 5) Factor 5 is angle shape of the breast and back in the first period angle shape of the lower breast and back in the middle of period and angle shape of the upper breast and back in the latter of period 6) Factor 6 is angle of shoulder in the first period angle shape of the upper breast and back in the middle of period and angle shape of the lower breast and back in the latter of period 7)Factor 7 is angle of shoulder in the latter of period 2. Through the factor analysis by each period of school ages 5-6 factor were obtained in lower half and they are as followings: 1) factor 1 is horizontal size of upper half in every period 2) Factor 2 is vertical size of upper half in every period 3) Pactor 3 is angle shape of the belly and upper buttock in the first period and length of lower half in the middle and latter period 5) Factor 5 is angle shape of the lower buttock in the first period angle shape of the upper belly and buttock in the middle of period and angle of the side posture in the latter of period 6) Factor 6 is angle shape of the lower buttock in the middle of period and angle shape of the lower belly and buttock

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.111-117
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• 2005

The period of a recent streamcipher proposal Edon80 is analyzed. The designers of Edon80 had projected a period of $2^{103}$ Even though this could indeed be the average keystream Period, we show that for a randomly chosen key-IV pair, there exists a non-dismissible probability that the produced keystream will be of relatively short period. More explicitly, a keystream of period. $2^{55}$ may appear with probability $2^{-71}$, and one can show the existence of at least one key-lV pair producing a period $2^{11}$ keystream.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.91-108
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• 2011

This study starts with dividing the history of mathematics education of China into four periods; Experimentation Period(the 1st period, from 1949 to 1965), Stagnancy Period(the 2nd period, from 1966 to 1976). Adjustment Period(the 3rd period, from 1977 to 1999) and Development Period(the 4th period, since 2000 ~) Through periodical classification, several causes and characteristics in mathematics education of each period are identified. And from that, this study draws implications for Korea mathematics education.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2004

The chemical composition of PM$_{2.5}$ was measured at Gosan, Jeju for two weeks each in November 2001 and spring 2002. In the latter part of the measurement period of November 2001, designated as the polluted period in this work, secondarily formed ion components as well as primarily emitted elemental carbon were high. PM$_{2.5}$ mass concentration was also high in this polluted period compared with the yellow sand period, in which daily average of PM $_{10}$ peaked up to 520 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥. Increase of major components of anthropogenic origin in the polluted period was not correlated with the variation in sea salt components while increase of crustal components in the yellow sand period was highly correlated with the variation in sea salt components. Trace elements were generally higher in the yellow sand period; however, toxic heavy metals such as zinc, cadmium and lead were the highest in the polluted period.d.d.d.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.379-384
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• 2016

Objective : Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion is often complicated by difficult revascularization and non-involved territory embolization possibly related with larger clot-burden. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of proximal aspiration thrombectomy (PAT) using a balloon-tipped guide catheter for clot-burden reduction in such cases with period-to-period analysis (period 1 : standard MT without PAT; period 2 : PAT first, then standard MT for the remaining occlusion). Methods : Eighty-six patients who underwent MT for acute intracranial ICA occlusion were included in this analysis from the prospectively maintained stroke registry (33 patients in period 1 and 53 in period 2). In period 2, 'responder' was defined as a case where some amount of clot was retrieved by PAT and the following angiography showed partial or full recanalization. Results : Fifteen of fifty-three patients in period 2 (28.3%) were 'responders' to PAT. There was a significantly higher incidence of atrial fibrillation in the 'responder' subgroup. Period 2 showed a significantly shorter puncture-to-reperfusion time (94.5 minutes vs. 56.0 minutes; p=0.002), a significantly higher Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction of 2b-3 reperfusion (45.5% vs. 73.6%; p=0.009), but only a trend for better 3-month favorable outcome (mRS 0-2; 36.4% vs. 54.7%; p=0.097). There was no increase in the incidence of procedure-related complications or intracranial hemorrhage in period 2. Conclusion : A strategy of PAT before standard MT may result in shorter puncture-to-reperfusion time and better angiographic outcome than a strategy of standard MT for acute intracranial ICA occlusion.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.25 no.1_2
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• pp.109-118
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• 2007

A parametric boundary equation is established for the principal period-2 bulb in the cubic Mandelbrot set. Using its geometry, an efficient escape-time algorithm which reduces the construction time for the period-2 bulbs in the cubic Mandelbrot set is introduced and the implementation graphic results display the fascinating fractal beauty.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.255-277
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• 1998

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of Aqua-Acupuncture of Yukmijiwangtang(六味地黃湯) and Palmijihwang-tang(八味地黃湯) water extracts applied at the meridian points BL 23(賢兪) and GV 4(命門) to test the renal function in normal rats. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Among the effects of Aqua-Acupuncture of Yukmijihwangtang water extract at the merdian point BL 23 group, there were significant changes in water balance and urine volume over a 1 week period; Both decreasing and decreasing trends were exihibited. Urinary excretion of sodium and free water clearance changed significantly over a 2 week period; Both decreasing and increasing trends were exihibited, Urinary excretion of potassium, chloride and creatinine, plasma renin activity, plasma levels of aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide showed no significant differences compared to the contral group. 2. Among the effects of Aqua-Acupuncture of Palmljihwangtang water extract at the merdian point BL 23 group, there were significant changes in water balance and free water clearance over a 2 week period; a decreasing trend. Urinary excretion of creatinine changed significantly over a 2 week period; an increasing trend. Urinary excretion of chloride changed significantly over 1 week period; an increasing trend. The plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide changed significantly over 1 and 2 week period; an increasing trend. Urine volume, urinary excretion of sodium and pottasium, plasma renin activity and plasma level of aldosterone showed no significant differences compared to the control group. 3. Among the effects of Aqua-Acupuncture of Yukmijihwangtang water extract at the meridian point GV 4 group, there was significant decrease in water balance over a 2 week period; there was significant decrease in urine volwne and urinary excretion of sodium and creatinine over a 1 week period, followed by an increasing trend after 2 weeks. Urinary excretion of free water clearance demonstrated significant changes over both 1 and 2 week period; both increasing and decreasing trends were exihibited. Urinary excretion of chloride and plasma levels of aldosterone increased significantly over 1 and 2 week period. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide also decreased significantly. Plasma renin activity showed no significant differences compared to the control group. 4. Among the effects of Aqua-Acupuncture of Palmijihwangtang water extract at the meridian point GV 4 group, water balance and urinary excretion of chloride, plasma levels of aldosterone decreased significantly over both 1 and 2 week period. Urine volume and urinary excretion of pottasium decreased significantly. Urinary excretion of creatinine and urinary excretion of sodium changed significantly over both 1 and 2 week period. Urinary excretion of free water clearance, plasma renin activity and plasma level of atrial natriuretic peptide showed no significant differences compared to the control group. Seeing these results, I come to know that the effects Aqua-Acupuncture of Yukmijihwangtang and Palmijihwangtang water extracts at the meridian point BL 23 and GV 4 have affected the renal function differently. Seeing the results that BL 23 is a meridian point for Aqua-Acupuncture directly related to the kidney, I think, we can use Aqua-Acupuncture of Yuk-mijihwangtang and Palmijihwangtang water extracts to prevent and to treat the diseases related to kidney.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.36-45
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• 1984

This study was carried out to investigate the changes in ovary in repeatedly superovulated rabbits. A total of 57 New Zealand White and Californian, 25 mature virgin and 32 immature does were used in this study. For induction of repeated superovulation, PMSG and HCG were injected at 17-day and 30-day intervals for mature does and 17-day intervals for immature ones. The repeatedly superovulated does at 17-day intervals were induced luteolysis of pseudopregnant corpus luteum with PGF2${\alpha}$ on Day 8 to 9 p.c. The effect of repeated superovulation on reproductive organs was investigated on Day 3 p.c. in mature does and on Day 3 and 6 p.c. in immature ones, respectively. 1. In mature virgin does, the number of ovulation points in the 2nd and 3rd superovulation period averaged 7.0 and 5.0 at 17-day intervals and 13.4 and 6.0 at 30-day intervals, respectively. These numbers were statistically similar to 9.5 ovulation points in the control. However, there were less (p<0.05) ovulation points in those periods compared with 22.1 ovulation points in the 1st superovulation period. 2. In immature does, the number of ovulation points in the 2nd and 3rd superovulation period averaged 5.3 and 2.3, respectively. These numbers were significantly (p<0.05) decreased than 17.1 ovulation points in the 1st periods. The number of ovulation points in the 2nd superovulation period was similar to that in the control, but there was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the number of ovulation points in the 3rd period as compared to the control. 3. In mature virgin does, the number of visible normal and hemorrhagic follicles (>1.0mm diameter) on day 3 p.c. averaged 19.1 and 8.9 in the 1st superovulation period, respectively. In the 2nd 3rd superovulation period, the number of normal follicles averaged 8.3 and 15.5 at 17-day intervals and 17.8 and 14.5 at 30-day intervals. The number of hemorrhagic follicles in the 2nd and 3rd superovulation period averaged 6.3 and 2.0 at 17-day intervals and 5.2 and 7.8 at 30-day intervals, respectively. There was a slight decrease, although not significant, in the number of normal and hemorrhagic follicles in the 2nd and 3rd period at 17-day intervals compared to that in the 1st period. 4. In immature does, the number of visible normal follicles on day 3 and day 6 p.c. in the 1st superovulation period averaged 27:3 and 26.1, respectively. The follicles on day 3 p.c. tended to increase slightly more than that in the cortrol, but the average number of normal follicles on day 6 p.c. did not differ from that in the control. The number of visible hemorrhagic follicles on day 3 and day 6 p.c. in the 1st of follicles in the 1st superovulation period average 10.2 and 9.9, respectively. There was a slight increase in the number of follicles in the 1st period compared to that in the control. In the 2nd and 3rd superovulation period, the number of normal follicles revealed a slight decrease in the 3rd period, but the number of hemorrhagic follicles was not different between periods. 5. The number of growing follicles with incipient intral formation on day 3 p.c. in mature does of the 1st superovulaton period average 29.7 and the average number of growing follicles in the 3rd period was 26.7 at 17-day intervals and 31.0 at 30-day intervals, respectively. These numbers did not differ from that in the control. In immature does, the number of growing follicles averaged 57.7, 45.0 and 59.3 in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd superovulation period, respectively. There was a slight but not significant decrease in the number of growing follicles in the 3rd period compared to that in the control.