• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2004

1,2-benzopyrone has been shown to affect on the activation and stimulation of macrophage. To examine the immunostimulating effect of 1,2-benzopyrone on the phagocytic response of canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as well as polymorphonuclear cells (PMN), the phagocytic activity of phagocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry system using FITC-labelled latex. The 1,2-benzopyrone did not show any direct effect on phagocytic response of PBMC and PMN. But it showed an enhanced effect on the phagocytic response of monocyte-rich cells fractioned by cell size from dot plot profile in flowcytometric cytography of PBMC. The phagocytic activity of these cells was also enhanced by addition of culture supernatant from PBMC treated with 1,2-benzopyrone. Similarly, the phagocytic activity of PMN but not PBMC in the same procedures was enhanced by culture supernatant from PBMC treated with 1,2-benzopyrone. However, the culture supernatant from PMN treated with 1.2-benzopyrone did not show the enhancing effect on phagocytic activity for monocyte-rich cells and PMN. These results, therefore, suggested that enhanced phagocytic activity of canine peripheral blood PMN and monocytes may be mainly mediated by humoral factor(S) released from PBMC treated with 1,2-benzopyrone.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 1999

The immunostimulating effects of egg white derivatives (EWD) on the phagocytic response of feline peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) as well as mono- nuclear cells (MNC) were examined. The phagocytic activity was analyzed by a flow cytometry system. The EWD showed directly an enhanced effect on the phagocytic response of MNC but not PMN. The phagocytic activity of MNC was enhanced by culture supernatant from MNC and PMN treated with EWD, respectively. Similarly, the phagocytic activity of PMN was enhanced by culture supernatant from MNC but not PMN treated with EWD. It was, therefore, indicated that the enhanced phagocytic activity of feline PMN could be mainly mediated by humoral factor(s) released from MNC treated with EWD. These results suggested that EWD could enhance the phagocytosis of feline peripheral blood phagocytes.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1999

The aim of this study is to determine the phagocytosis-promoting factor(s) for feline peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) by culture supernatant from mono-nuclear cells (MNC) treated with egg white derivatives (EWD). The phagocytic activity of PMN was analyzed by a flow cytometry system. The EWD did not show direct effect on the phagocytic response of PMN. The phagocytic activity of PMN was enhanced by culture supernatant from MNC but not PMN treated with EWD. Therefore, it was suggested that the enhanced phagocytic activity of feline PMN could be mediated by humoral factor(s) released from MNC treated with EWD. Thus, the phagocytosis-promoting factor(s) in supernatant fraction from MNC culture treated with EWD were isolated by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography. The resulting supernatant fraction on 29.02 minutes of retention time showed high phagocytic activity of PMN. The molecular weight of this supernatant fraction was 16 to 18 kDa when analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. The isoelectric point was pH 5.76 when assessed by ion-exchange chromatography. These results suggest that EWD stimulates feline MNC to elaborate a phagocytosis-promoting factor, 16 to 18 kDa of molecular weight, which could be an important mediator for the enhancement of phagocytic activity of feline peripheral blood phagocytes. Further study will be needed to elucidate this phagocytic factor.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 1998

Effects of swainsonine (SW: 8${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$-indolizidine-1alpha, 2${\alpha}$, 8${\beta}$-triol from Locoweed) on the cellular and nonspecific immune responses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) wer e studied in ICR mice. Mice were divided into 4 groups (10mice/group), and LPS was given to each mouse 1 hr after i.p. injection with 3.7mg/kg of SW by i.p. injection twice a week for 14 days at a dose of 2mg/kg. Immune responses of the delayed-type hypersensitivity response (DTH) to sheep red blood cells (s-RBC), phagocytic activity and natural killer (NK) cell activity were evaluated. LPS treatment didn`t affect NK cell activity, phagocytic activity, DTH to s-RBC compared with those in controls, and phagocytic activity of sareoma 180 tumor bearing mice. However, circulating leukocytes were significantly decreased. Combinaton of LPS and SW increased circulating leukocytes significantly compared vath that in LPS alone, and DTH to s-RBC, NK cell activity and phagocytic activities of normal and sarcoma tumor bearing mice were not affected. These findings indicate that SW didn`t affected the cellular immune responses suppressed by LPS but significantly increased circulating leukocytes.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 1998

The effects of CRP purified from human ascites fluid on phagocytic activity of the human macrophage were investigated. CRP was purified using affinity chromatography including absorption on p-diazonium phosphocholine or C-polysaccharide coupled sepharose 4B and gel filtration on hydroxylapatite column chromatography. Macrophage was separated ficoll hypaque gradient density and absorption method, and then was confirmed phagocytic uptake test using latex method. CRP was able either to inhibit or to enhance phagocytic activity of human macrophage against bacteria in vitro. The effects of CRP on phagocytic activity of human macrophage were in time and dose-dependent manners. The additional sequence of reaction mixture against bacteria in vitro shows a threshold stimulus on the activation of phagocytic response upon the CRP.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.92-98
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• 2020

Periodontitis is a bacteria-induced inflammatory disease associated with alveolar bone loss. Osteoclast is a macrophage-lineage cell that exhibits phagocytic activity; however, osteoclast phagocytic activity has not been demonstrated under pathological conditions. Diabetes is a pathological condition that exacerbates alveolar bone loss via periodontitis; therefore, we examined phagocytic osteoclasts in diabetic rats that had periodontitis. The rats were divided into the control (C), periodontitis (P), and diabetes with periodontitis (DP) groups. Diabetes and periodontitis were induced by streptozotocin injection and ligature of the mandibular first molars, respectively. On days 3 and 20 after the ligature, the rats were sacrificed, and osteoclasts containing inclusions were quantified by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. On day 3, there were more osteoclasts containing inclusions in the DP group than in the C group. Among inclusions, osteocyte-like cells and dense bodies were more frequently observed in the DP group than in the C group. Cytoplasm-like structures were elevated more in the DP group than in the C and P groups. However, no differences were observed on day 20. Interestingly, some osteoclasts were in contact with the osteocytes within the exposed lacunae and contained several inclusions within a large vacuole. Thus, the elevation of phagocytic osteoclasts in rats with diabetes and periodontitis provides insight into the role of osteoclast phagocytic activity under pathological conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.307-311
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify excellent immune-enhancing substance from Korean wheats(Eunpa, Gueru, Alchan, Topdong, Suwon 267, Gobun) compared with imported ones(Australian standard white, ASW; Dark northern spring, DNS). Phagocytic activities of PBS (phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4) and EA(ethanol-acetic acid) extracts from the wheats were determined using mouse macrophage J774 cell line. In order to set the optimal experimental condition up, the cultured cells were tested in varying experimental conditions. About two to five times higher phagocytic activity was shown in EA extract of Korean wheats compared to that of imported wheats. PBS extracts of wheats did not show increased phagocytic activity compared to control that did not add any extract. The EA extract of Gobun wheat showed the highest phagocytic activity. From the experiment we found that the optimal experimental condition was shown in two hours of reaction time and 0.05mg amout of EA extract added to J774 cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.1095-1100
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• 2008

Antioxidative and macrophage phagocytic activities and contents of functional component in selected Korean chestnuts (Dantaek, Daebo, Okkwang, Seokchu, Byunggo) were evaluated. Coumarin, gallic acid and catechin in inner skin and whole kernel of selected Korean chestnuts were detected by HPLC. The predominant functional components in inner skin of chestnut were catechin, followed by gallic acid and coumarin. However, the whole kernel had only gallic acid. Thus, the antioxidant properties of gallic acid and catechin were evaluated through DPPH radical-scavenging activity and SOD like activity. Gallic acid and catechin at 6.0 mg/100 g exhibited 69.4% and 38.3% of scavenging activities on DPPH radical, respectively. DPPH radical-scavenging activity of gallic acid increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Gallic acid was found to possess higher DPPH radical-scavenging activity than equivalent amount of catechin at all concentrations, whereas catechin was found to have higher SOD like activity than gallic acid. In addition, pre-incubation of macrophage with white kernel extract from Byunggo resulted in a significant increase of phagocytic activity and yellow kernel extracts from Byunggo, Dantaek, Daebo and Okkwang, leading to an increase in phagocytic activity compared with untreated cells. Yellow kernel extracts was found to have higher phagocytic activity than white kernel extracts. Byunggo had the highest phagocytic activity. The results suggest that the Korean chestnut may provide a natural source of antioxidants and active immunity.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2008

Ketamine is a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist and a short-acting general anaesthetic agent for human and veterinary use. We previously reported that treatment with ketamine impairs oxidative burst activity of canine peripheral blood leukocytes. In this study, the effect of ketamine on phagocytic capacity of canine peripheral blood leukocytes was examined in vitro. Phagocytic capacity was analyzed by using a flow cytometry. Ketamine directly decreased the phagocytic capacity of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and monocytes but not total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In addition, the phagocytic capacity of PMN and monocytes was inhibited by the ketamine-treated PBMC but not PMN culture supernatant. These results suggest that ketamine has a direct inhibitory effect on the phagocytic capacity of canine peripheral blood phagocytes and involves the production of soluble factor(s) from canine PBMC, which may suppress the phagocytic capacity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.186-191
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to prove the efficacy of KamiBohuh-tang(KBT) on immunoregulation and the possibility of KBT as an immunoadjuvant. KBT with solid feed was administered orally once a day for 7 days to an experimental group, a solution of salt and solid feed without KBT to a control group. After a week T cell, B cell, cytokines, nitric oxide and phagocytic activity are measured. KBT enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes and the subpopulation of Th cells in splenic T-Iymphocytes, but did not affect the proliferation of thymocytes. KBT decreased the subpopulation of T-Iymphocytes in splenocytes. KBT enhanced the production of interferon-γ. interleukin-2, interleukin-4 in mice serum and the phagocytic activity in peritoneal macrophages but it suppressed the production of nitric oxide. These results suggest that KBT is a potent prescription on immune response via the increase of the proliferation of splenocytes, the production of cytokines from splenic Th cells and the phagocytic activity in vivo.