• Title/Summary/Keyword: Pharmacognosy

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In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Chlorophytum borivilianum

  • Govindarajan, R.;Sreevidya, N.;Vijayakumar, M.;Thakur, M.;Dixit, V.K.;Mehrotra, S.;Pushpangadan, P.
    • Natural Product Sciences
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.165-169
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    • 2005
  • Chlorophytum borivilianum Baker (Antharicaceae) commonly referred as 'Safed Musli' has been widely used in the Indian traditional systems of medicine to treat various diseases like rheumatism apart from having immunomodulating property and is used as general tonic. It is also known as 'Ayurvedic viagra' for its aphordisiac properties. C. borivilianum was screened for the first time to determine its antioxidant activity, isolation of the sapogenins and standardization of the isolated sapogenin fraction using HPTLC. Potent antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract was found by their ability to scavenge DPPH (84.51%), hydroxyl radical (48.95 %), ferryl bi-pyridyl complex (84.53%) along with the inhibition of lipid peroxidation (67.17%) at $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. The ethanolic extract also exhibited significant inhibition of superoxide anion radical generated by photochemiluminescence. Thus, the potent antioxidant activity validates the innumerable therapeutic claims of the plant in the traditional system especially its use as a Rasayana drug.

Antioxidant Activity of Talinum portulacifolium (Forssk) Leaf Extracts

  • Rao, Thalapaneni Nageswara;Kumarappan, Chidambaram;Lakshmi, Sabapathi Mohana;Mandal, Subhash C
    • Advances in Traditional Medicine
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.329-338
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    • 2008
  • The aim of the study is to investigate the antioxidant activity through, reducing power, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), nitric oxide radical (NO), superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide radical ($H_2O_2$) scavenging activity and the amount of total phenolic compounds of chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Talinum portulacifolium. Chloroform extract of leaves of T. portulacifolium showed highest antioxidant activity, with a direct relationship between activity and concentration of extracts ($15-240\;{\mu}g/mL$). Among all the extracts, the highest amount of the total polyphenolic compounds was found in the chloroform extract. Chloroform extract of T. portulacifolium showed an important free radical scavenging activity towards the DPPH, NO, Superoxide and $H_2O_2$ radicals, with $IC_{50}$ values of 133.26, 165.75, 156.34 and $135.29\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. In the lipid peroxidation assay, extracts of chloroform and ethyl acetate showed a remarkable inhibitory activity. The extracts showed significant activity in all the experiments but lower than the standard antioxidant, ascorbic acid.

Anti-inflammatory and Antinociceptive Activities of 'Coccinia indica W. &A.' Fruit Juice Powder in Animals

  • Rao, GMM;Rao, Ch V;Sudhakara, M.;Pandey, M M;Rawat, AKS;Sirwaikar, A;Joshi, AB
    • Natural Product Sciences
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.20-23
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    • 2004
  • The fresh fruit juice powder of Coccinia indica W.&A., (Cucurbitaceae, CJP) was studied for the possible activities of antiinflammatory and antinociceptive to rationalize the folkloric use of the plant juice as rasayana. CJP at the doses of 50-200 mg/kg caused a significant (P<0.05 to P<0.001) inhibition of paw edema induced by ${\lambda}$ carrageenin (1%) and histamine $(10^{-3}\;g/ml,\;0.1\;ml)$ in rats. The effect was comparable to the standard cycloxygenase inhibitor brufen at 100 mg/kg and protective percentages were 63.41% and 65.78% respectively. Administration of CJP (50-200 mg/kg) exhibited a moderate increase of the pain threshold on analgesy-meter induced mechanical pain. However CJP significantly prevented the writhing induced by acetic acid in mice and the percentages of inhibitions were 16.98%-35.47%, which is equivalent to 36.67% produced by brufen. These data indicate that the fruit juice of Coccinia indica rationalizes the traditional system of medicine.

Pharmacognostical Evaluation of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br.

  • Agnihotri, Adarsh Kumar;Khatoon, Sayyada;Agarwal, Manisha;Rawat, Ajay Kumar Singh;Mehrotra, Shanta;Pushpangadan, Palpu
    • Natural Product Sciences
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.168-172
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    • 2004
  • In India, Gymnema sylvestre due to the unique property of the plant to antagonize the sweet taste is known as 'Gur-mar'. It has several ethnomedicinal values as various tribals/traditional communities and rural peoples of India find diverse medicinal uses viz. antidiabetic, stomachic, diuretic, and is useful in cough and throat troubles. Besides, it has strong effect on reducing blood sugar. The present communication deals with the detailed pharmacognostical evaluation of the aerial parts of G. sylvestre collected from three places of the country-Varanasi (U.P), Panchmarhi (M.P), Salem (Tami Nadu) and commercial sample procured from local market. The botanical and physico-chemical parameters of all the samples were quite similar though little variations were observed in foaming index, alcohol and water soluble extractives of local sample. The microscopic characteristics of the drug are horse shoe shaped petiole with 3 amphicribal vascular bundles, sieve tubes well developed; anomocytic stomata only on the abaxial surface of the leaf, the fan shaped amphicribal vascular bundle, presence of intraxylary phloem. The TLC fingerprint profile of all the samples was more or less similar only the quantity of some of the compounds varied.

Contents Analysis of phenolic compounds from the Leaves of Quercus mongolica (신갈나무 잎으로부터 분리한 페놀성 화합물의 함량분석)

  • Hwang, In Hyeok;Yin, Jun;Youn, Sung Hye;Ahn, Hye Shin;Wang, Hye Soo;Lee, Min Won
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.48 no.4
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    • pp.339-342
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    • 2017
  • Quercus mongolica (QM) is a species of Quercus native to Eastern Mongolia, Siberia, China, Japan, and Korea. QM has been used as Korean traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammation of the skin. Present work, the validation and content determination of the phenolic compounds which were isolated from the leaves of QM, including pedunculagin (1) and kaempferol-3-O-(6"-galloyl)-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (2) were conducted through High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). As a result, the contents of these compounds were 4.14% and 0.76% in QM extract, respectively.

Two New Flavonol Glycosides from the Aerial Parts of Lotus lalambensis Growing in Saudi Arabia

  • El-Youssef, Hanan M.;Murphy, Brian T.;Amer, Masouda E.;Al-Rehaily, Adnan J.;Abdel-Kader, Maged S.;Kingston, David G.I.
    • Natural Product Sciences
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.86-89
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    • 2008
  • Phytochemical study of the aerial parts of Lotus lalambensis Schweinf resulted in the isolation and identification of two new flavonol glycosides; kaempferol $3-O-(5"-acetyl)-apioside-7-O-{\alpha}-L-rhamnopyranoside$ (1) and kaempferol $3-O-{\alpha}-[{\beta}-D-xylosyl-(1""{\rightarrow} 2")-L-rhamnopyranoside]-7-O-{\alpha}-L-rhamnopyranoside$ (2). Structures were determined utilizing different physical, chemical, spectroscopic data including 2D-NMR experiments and HRFABMS.

Constituents of Erythrina caffra Stem Bark Grown in Egypt

  • El-Masry, Sawsan;Hammoda, Hala M.;Zaatout, Hala H.;Alqasoumi, Saleh I.;Abdel-Kader, Maged S.
    • Natural Product Sciences
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.211-216
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    • 2010
  • A new 3-indolyl propionate alkaloid; (-) abrine (1), was isolated from the alcohol extract of Erythrina caffra stem bark together with the alkaloid (-) hypaphorine (2). Phytochemical investigation of the chloroform extract led to the isolation of one fatty alcohol; 1-octacosanol, isolated for the first time from genus Erythrina, two dienoid alkaloids; erythraline and erysodine, and three isoflavonoids; 3S (+) 2'-O-methylphaseollidinisoflavan (3), (6aR, 11aR)- 3-hydroxy-10-dimethylallyl-9-methoxypterocarpan, known as sandwicensin (4) and 3R (-) rythbidin A (5). It is worth mentioning that this is the first report for the isolation of these isoflavonoids from E. caffra. The absolute configuration of 3S (+) 2'-O-methylphaseollidinisoflavan (3) was not previously reported. The isolated isoflavonoids showed promising antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.