• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6863-6867
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• 2013

Phyllanthus emblica (PE) is known to exhibit various pharmacological properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antimetastatic potential of a PE aqueous extract. Cytotoxicity to human fibrosarcoma cells, HT1080, was determined by viability assay using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol,2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reagent. Cell migration and invasion were investigated using chemotaxis chambers containing membranes precoated with collagen IV and Matrigel, respectively. Cell attachment onto normal surfaces of cell culture plates was tested to determine the cell-adhesion capability. The molecular mechanism of antimetastatic activity was assessed by measuring the gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases, MMP2, and MMP9, using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. The mRNA levels of both genes were significantly down-regulated after pretreatment with PE extract for 5 days. Our findings show the antimetastatic function of PE extract in reducing cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion in both dose- and time-dependent manners, especially growth arrest with low $IC_{50}$ value. A decrease in the expression of both MMP2 and MMP9 seems to be the cellular mechanism for antimetastasis in this case. There is a high potential to use PE extracts clinically as an optional adjuvant therapeutic drug for therapeutic intervention strategies in cancer therapy or chemoprevention.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.174-183
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• 2023

Various skin diseases are occurring due to external factors such as urbanization and increase in environmental pollution and wearing masks due to COVID-19. Accordingly, various functional cosmetics are being released, but as some side effects are reported, research on functional cosmetics materials using natural plants is necessary. Therefore, in this study, the antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of Phyllanthus emblica, Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens), and Commiphora myrrha mixed extracts (PGC) that pharmacological efficacy has been verified were analyzed and their potential as functional cosmetics raw materials was examined. Four extracts (PGC-1~4) were prepared according to the extraction method. ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity experiments were conducted for the antioxidant efficacy of the extracts. In addition, paper disc experiments and LPS inflammation-inducing cytokine experiments were conducted to examine the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, a cell viability test was performed to confirm cytotoxicity. As results of the study, all extracts showed antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects without cytotoxicity, and in particular, PGC-4, a fermentation and ultrasonic extract, showed the best efficacy. This means that the extraction yield of useful components varies depending on the extraction method.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and hangover cure effects of compound prescription containing Phyllanthus emblica and Azadirachta Indica leaf extract (CP). In vitro experiments, HepG2 cells were induced oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and treated with CP at 50, 100, 200 ㎍/㎖ concentration. Antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalse (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) activity and glutathione (GSH) content were decreased by hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress, but CP was increased that. In vivo experiments, experiment rats were orally administered alcohol 3 g/kg and, after 30 min administered CP 200 mg/kg. After 1 and 3 h of alcohol administration, blood was collected from the tail vein, while after 5 h, blood was collected from the heart. CP modulates alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde level, thereby decreased alcohol level in serum. Also, CP decreased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). These results suggest that CP has antioxidant effects and alleviates alcohol hangover symptoms.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.49-52
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• 2009

An in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of certain botanicals viz., rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and leaves of amla (Phyllanthus emblica), asparagus (Asparagus racemosus), bael (Aegle marmelos), boerhavia (Boerhavia diffusa), garlic (Allium sativum) and basil (Oscimum basicilum) against bacterial pathogens viz., Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp. and Klebsiella cloacae, of silkworm, Bombyx mori. Asparagus and basil, amla and boerhavia, basil and bael at concentration of 20, 000 ppm showed higher antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp., K. cloacae respectively, both in vitro and in vivo studies.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.172-176
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• 1999

A total of 43 extracts from 21 species of Malaysian flowering plants were screened for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Antimicrobial activity was tested against fungi, including yeast and candida, as well as Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and cytotoxicity was assayed using the CEM-SS and HT-29 cell lines. The methanol extracts of the roots and stems of Plumeria acutifolia showed the highest antimicrobial activity, i.e. against Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida lipolytica, and mostly moderate activity against the other microbes such as Aspergillus ochraceous and Saccharomyces lipolytica. Phyllanthus emblica also showed moderate activity especially that of the methanol extracts. The methanol extract of the roots of Plumeria acutifolia showed the strongest cytotoxic activity $(CD_{50}=\;3\;{\mu}g/ml)$. Most of Zingiberaceae species gave negative results for antimicrobial activity and showed low cytotoxic activity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2014

Autophagy is a series of catabolic process mediating the bulk degradation of intracellular proteins and organelles through formation of a double-membrane vesicle, known as an autophagosome, and fusing with lysosome. Autophagy plays an important role of death-survival decisions in neuronal cells, which may influence to several neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease. Chebulagic acid, the major constituent of Terminalia chebula and Phyllanthus emblica, is a benzopyran tannin compound with various kinds of beneficial effects. This study was performed to investigate the autophagy enhancing effect of chebulagic acid on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines. We determined the effect of chebulagic acid on expression levels of autophagosome marker proteins such as, DOR/TP53INP2, Golgi-associated ATPase Enhancer of 16 kDa (GATE 16) and Light chain 3 II (LC3 II), as well as those of its upstream pathway proteins, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Beclin-1. All of those proteins were modulated by chebulagic acid treatment in a way of enhancing the autophagy. Additionally in our study, chebulagic acid also showed a protective effect against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ($MPP^+$) - induced cytotoxicity which mimics the pathological symptom of Parkinson's disease. This effect seems partially mediated by enhanced autophagy which increased the degradation of aggregated or misfolded proteins from cells. This study suggests that chebulagic acid is an attractive candidate as an autophagy-enhancing agent and therefore, it may provide a promising strategy to prevent or cure the diseases caused by accumulation of abnormal proteins including Parkinson's disease.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2012

Oxidative stress potentially induces neurotoxicity which is believed to underlie several major age-related diseases of the central nervous system. This study sought to identify the cytoprotective effects of sixty-nine Cambodian plants against glutamate-induced cell death. Cultured HT22 cells were applied as an in vitro model, and neurotoxicity was induced in these neuronal cells by exposure to a determined concentration of glutamate. Sixty-nine plant sources, as Cambodia's indigenous species, were purchased from O'reusey Market, Phnom Penh, and extracted with ethanol. These extracts were screened for cytoprotective effects against glutamate-triggered neurotoxicity in HT22 cells at concentrations of 100 and 300 ${\mu}g/ml$. Of these, eight ethanol extracts, bark of Anacardium occidentale, bark and sapwood of Bauhinia pulla, flowers of Borassus flabellifer, stems and leaves of Coix lacryma-jobi, bark and sapwood of Diospyros nitida, sapwood of Dipterocarpus obtusifolius, stems of Oryza rufipogon, and fruits of Phyllanthus emblica, showed significant cytoprotective effects against glutamate-induced cell damage and degeneration in HT22 cells.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.265-275
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• 2023

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fruit juices on Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens involved in Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) among tribal women in the district Anuppur, Madhya Pradesh, India. Methods: Fresh juices of lemon (Citrus limon), amla/Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica), pineapple (Ananas comosus), mosambi/sweet lime (Citrus limetta), orange (Citrus sinensis), kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa), and pomegranate (Punica granatum) fruits were evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against bacterial pathogens involved in UITs and STIs among tribal women. Physico-chemical analysis of fresh fruits was also carried out by measuring the pH, moisture, protein, fat, crude fibre, carbohydrate, and ascorbic acid content. Results: Lemon and amla juice showed better antibacterial activity against the pathogens as compared to other juices. MIC results fruit juices against UTIs and STIs pathogens vary depending on the specific pathogen and juice chemical constituents. The physico-chemical analysis showed that the moisture content was highest in mosambi (90%), followed by orange (87%). Ascorbic acid content was found highest in amla (540 mg/100 g), followed by kiwi (90.3 mg/100 g). Pomegranate showed highest concentration of carbohydrate (15.28 g/100 g), fat (1.28 g/100 g), and protein (1.65 g/100 g). Lemon juice had lowest pH of 2.20, followed by amla 2.67. Conclusion: The lemon juice showed highest antibacterial activity against MDR bacterial pathogens involved in UTIs and STIs among tribal women in district Anuppur, Madhya Pradesh, India. The low pH of lemon may be responsible for its high antibacterial activity as compared to other juices.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 패혈증비브리오균에 대한 PEM, RCM, RRM과 CTM 메탄올 추출물의 항균 활성을 평가하였다. 96-well microplates를 사용한 액체 배양법 실험 결과 4가지 천연물은 200 ㎍/mL 농도에서 80%이상의 항균 효과를 나타내었다. 또한 페이퍼디스크 확산법을 사용하여 항균 활성을 평가한 결과 4가지 천연물은 20, 40 mg/disc의 농도에서 농도 의존적으로 패혈증비브리오균의 성장을 억제하였다. 다음으로 4가지 천연물의 안전성을 평가하기 위해 MTS assay를 통해 HeLa 세포에 대한 독성을 확인한 결과 100, 200 ㎍/mL의 농도에서 세포 독성을 나타내지 않았다. 또한 LDH assay를 사용하여 패혈증비브리오균의 HeLa 세포에 대한 세포막 손상 억제 효과를 평가한 결과 PEM, RCM, RRM과 CTM 메탄올 추출물은 200 ㎍/mL 농도에서 세포막 손상억제 효과를 나타내었다. 다음으로 바닷물과 조개를 사용한 수족관 모델에서 4가지 천연물의 메탄올 추출물 혼합액 200 ㎍/mL 농도는 colony 생성을 현저하게 감소시켜 패혈증비브리오균의 증식을 억제 하는 결과를 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해 4가지 천연물의 메탄올 추출물은 바닷물과 해산물에 존재하는 패혈증비브리오균에 대해 뛰어난 항균효과를 나타내면서 인체에는 무해한 천연소독제로 응용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.