• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.10-24
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• 2019

This study aimed to investigate the effects and epidermis penetration system with polymer micelle of Red Pinus densiflora extract. In the antioxidant test, the total concentration of polyphenol compounds was determined to be $137.5163{\pm}7.70mg/g$ in ethanol extract, $133.956{\pm}1.57mg/g$ in hydrothermal extract. The DPPH radical scavenging effects were $95.29{\pm}0.15%$ in ethanol extract at 1,000 mg/L. Elastase inhibition rates were $100.00{\pm}2.85%$ in ethanol extract at 2,000 mg/L. The antimicrobial effect of the ethanol extraction was higher than that of hydrothermal extractions. In the epidermal permeability experiment, it was confirmed that the permeation of the polymer micelle containing the Red Pinus densiflora's ethanol extract and cell penetrating peptides was remarkable. Here, we confirmed that ethanol extract of Red Pinus densiflora displayed excellent the effects in antioxidant test and epidermis penetration system with polymer micelle. As a result, Red Pinus densiflora extract has potential to be used as a safe and natural cosmetic material in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.333-337
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• 2002

To develope food preservative, antimicrobial activities of Pinus densiflora (PD) ethanol extract against Listeria monocytogenes Scott A. Listeria monocytogenes Brie I and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111 were investigated. The ethanol extracts of PD showed strong antimicrobial activities on Listeria monocytogenes. The crude ethanol extracts of PD were further fractionated by ether, ethyl acetate and butanol. The ether fraction from ethanol extract showed the strongest antimicrobial effects on Listeria monocytogenes in tryptic soy broth containing 40 mg/mL ether fractions compared with other fractions. The effect of ethanol extract of pinus densiflora against Listeria monocytogenes culture for growth stage in tryptic soy broth at 35$^{\circ}C$ showed the strongest antimicrobial activites for lag phase. The morphological changes of the cells were observed with transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the cells were injured by treatment of 40 mg/mL ethanol extract of Pinus densiflora.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.980-981
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• 2008

This study was carried out to research antimicrobial agents from medicinal plants, Lonicera japonica, Pinellia ternata, Dictamnus albus, Cryptotympana pustulata, Pinus densiflora, Bupleurum falcatum, Forsythia saxatilis, Castanea crenata, Hovenia dulcis, Prunus sargentii. The ethanol extracts of 10 medicinal plants were tested for the antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans. The extracts of Pinus densiflora showed significant antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans. These results suggested that the extract from Pinus densiflora could be a candidate for new antimicrobial agents against Streptococcus mutans.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1158-1163
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of ethanol extract of Pinus densiflora (PD) on the growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), A-1, B-9, K-7, M-7 isolated from kimchi. The growth of isolated LAB was inhibited significantly in the modified MRS broth containing 40 mg/mL PD ethanol extract. Ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest antimicrobial activities against LAB strains compared to other fractions. The addition of PD ethanol extract to kimchi did not change the pH of kimchi greatly compare with the control during the fermentation for 25 days. Change of titratable acidity in control was more higher than in the PD ethanol extract added kimchi during fermentation. The growth of total bacteria and LAB was inhibited about 1 to 2 log cycle by the addition of PD ethanol extract during the kimchi fermentation for 25 days at 1$0^{\circ}C$. Sensory quality of PD ethanol extract added kimchi was lower than that of control.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2013

This study compared the antimicrobial activity and total phenolic content of three Pinus plants (Pinus densiflora, P. thunbergii, P. rigida) for the first time. The antimicrobial activity of the water fraction of methanol extract of fresh leaves was stronger than that of fallen leaves at any concentrations. The water fraction of crude methanol extract from fresh leaves of P. thunbergii showed a higher growth inhibitory activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria than that of P. densiflora and P. rigida. The results from the disc diffusion method followed by measurements of minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) indicate that Bacillus subtilis was the most sensitive microorganism with the lowest MIC value. The highest total phenolic content was found in fresh leaves of P. rigida and P. thunbergii. The assay showed that the fresh leaves of the three Pinus plants contained higher total phenolic content than fallen leaves of the three plants. The antimicrobial activity was related with the total phenolic content.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.349-354
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• 2004

The extracts of Pinus densiflora sawdust by n hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol solvent were investigated to identify their mycelial growth inhibition against Lentinus edodes. The yields of n hexane soluble fraction, ethyl acetate-soluble fraction, and methanol soluble fraction from P. densiflora sawdust were obtained 1.36%, 2.21% and 4.03% using organic solvent, respectively. The mycelial growth inhibition of L. edodes was the greatest for n hexane extract, ranging from 36.5% to 47.6% at concentrations of 125 ppm to 1,000 ppm, with the values for all concentrations significantly different from one another. After direct extraction of P. densiflora sawdust using n hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol, each extract was separated into three fractions by silica gel column chromatography and then the fractions were isolated on the values of $R_f$ by thin layer chromatography. The mycelial growth inhibition against L. edodes was recognized in the fractions II (33.5%) and III (37.6%) of n hexane extract, the fraction II (21.4%) of ethyl acetate extract and the fraction II (26.4%) of methanol extract. The fractions III of n-hexane extract showed the highest growth inhibition among the nine fractions of the organic solvent extract.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.116-121
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• 2012

Water extract from Pinus densiflora (WPD) was investigated for its antioxidant activity and its ability to provide protection from DNA damage. A series of antioxidant assays, including a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging assay, a reducing power assay, a metal-chelating assay, a superoxide radical scavenging assay, and a nitrite scavenging ability, as well as a DNA damage protection assay were performed. Total phenolic content was found to be 211.32 mg Tan/g WPD. The extract scavenged 50% DPPH free radical at a concentration of 21.35 ${\mu}g/mL$. At that same concentration, the reducing power ability of WPD was higher than that of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. The extract chelated 68.9% ferrous ion at the concentration of 4 mg/mL. WPD showed better nitrite scavenging effect at the lower pH. Meanwhile, WPD exhibited a strong capability for DNA damage protection at 1 mg/mL concentration. Taken together, these data suggest water extract from Pinus densiflora could be used as a suitable natural antioxidant.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2021

To investigate the antioxidant activities of Pinus densiflora needle (Pinaceae), which is widely used as a traditional medicine in Korea, Caenorhabditis elegans model system was used. The n-butanol fraction of P. densiflora needle methanol extract showed the most potent DPPH radical scavenging and superoxide quenching activities in a dose-dependent manner. The n-butanol fraction was measured for the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and oxidative stress tolerance by using C. elegans with reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. In addition, to see that the regulation of the stress response gene is responsible for the increased stress tolerance of C. elegans treated by the butanol extract, SOD-3 expression was measured using a transgenic strain. As a result, the P. densiflora needle n-butanol fraction increased SOD and catalase activities, and decreased ROS accumulation, dose-dependently. Furthermore, the n-butanol fraction-treated CF1553 worm showed higher SOD-3::GFP intensity than the control.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2001

The antioxidant activity of Pinus densiflora was determined by measuring the radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. The methanol extract of P. densiflora showed strong antioxidant activity, and thus fractionated with several solvents. The antioxidant activity potential of the individual fraction was in the order of ethyl acetate>n-butanol>water>dichloromethane> n-hexane fraction. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction exhibiting strong antioxidant activity was further purified by repeated silica gel column chromatography. Antioxidant (+)-catechin was isolated as one of the active principles from the ethyl acetate fraction, together with the inactive components, dihydrokaempferol and 1-O-benzoylglucose. The radical scavenging effect of (+)-catechin on DPPH radical exceeded to that of L-ascorbic acid which is a well known antioxidant.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.243-249
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• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the effects of fermented extract of Pinus densiflora (FPD) on oxygen radicals and $H_2O_2$-induced damage. The results are as follows: 1. The 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals were considerably reduced by FPD and $IC_{50}$ value was showed the concentration of 20 ㎍／㎖. 2. The cytotoxicity did not observe by FPD treatment in A548 cells. 3. The $H_2O_2$-induced cell damage was recovered by FPD pretreatment in A549 cells. These results suggest that FPD, as a natural antioxidant, has scavenging effect of free radicals and protection effect from $H_2O_2$-induced cytotoxicity.