• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 1994

Polygonum aviculare L. was extracted by methanol and then fractionated systematically with solvents and column chromatographic method in order to isolate ingredients with anti-lipid peroxidation and liver protectective effects. Among these fractions, ethylacetate soluble part(MWE) showed the strongest in the anti-lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, the crude subtraction(MWE 4) with Rf value near 0.42, which is separated from MWE by column chromatography using a solvent system, inhibited the lipid peroxidation of rat liver in vitro. Moreover, MWE 4 decreased GOT, GPT and TBA value compared with control and suggested high protective effects against hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice. The active compounds in MWE 4 were assumed to be flavonoid glucosides.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.117-123
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• 1997

The ethylacetate fraction of the overground portion of Polygonum aviculare L. exhibited the anti-lipid peroxidation and the liver protective effect in intoxicated rats. Through silica gel chromatography of the ethylacetate fraction monitered by bioassay, two flavonoids, avicularin and juglanin were isolated as active components. Avicularin and juglanin remarkablely inhibited the lipid peroxidation of rat liver induced by 50% ethanol. Especially avicularin exhibited the stronger anti-lipid peroxidation effect than juglanin. Avicularin as a main principle of Polygonum aviculare L. significantly exhibited liver protective activities by decreasing s-GOT and s-LDH levels which represent for the hepatotoxicity induced by $CCl_4$ in rats. In addition, avicularin significantly decreased not only s-LDH but also s-bilirubin levels in intoxicated rat induced by ${\alpha}-naphthylisothiocyanate\;(ANIT)$. These results suggest that avicularin has the protective effects against the hepatoxicity induced by $CCl_4$ and ANIT in rats.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 2016

A method for simultaneously identifying antioxidative compounds was developed using time-based LC-MS coupled with DPPH assay regardless of the time consuming process. The methanolic extract of Polygonum aviculare (Polygonaceae) showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activity. Time-based DPPH assay for simultaneous identification of active compounds from the extracts of P. aviculare was used. Major peaks of ethyl acetate fraction of P. aviculare showed high DPPH radical scavenging activity. A simple phenolic compound (1) and six flavonoids (2-7) were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of P. aviculare by silica gel and sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The structures of seven compounds were determined to be protocatechuic acid (1), catechin (2), myricitrin (3), epicatechin-3-O-gallate (4), avicularin (5), quercitrin (6), and juglanin (7) based on the analysis of the $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR and ESI-MS data. All compounds exhibited significant antioxidant activity on DPPH assay and active compounds were well correlated with predicted one.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.394-399
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• 2013

In this study we demonstrated whether the extract of Polygonum aviculare L. (PAE) can be applied to the immune-stimulating responses in macrophages (Raw 264.7 cells). Cell viability was determined by WST-8 assay, and all four doses of PAE (5, 10, 20, and 40 ${\mu}g/ml$) had no significant cytotoxicity during the entire experimental period. PAE increased the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO), and mRNA expressions and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines(tumor necrotic factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6) in the same cells. These immune-stimulating activities of PAE were found to be caused by the stimulation of $NF{\kappa}B$ signal and phosphorylation of MAP kinases (p38, ERK and JNK).

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.144-155
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• 1987

Water extracts of polygonum hydropiper and Polygonum aviculare completely inhibited the germination of lettuce seeds. Methanol extracts from these two species also inhibited the seed germination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and Oenothera odorata. Fifteen phenolic acids in total were identified by GLC from P. hydropiper and eighteen from P. aviculare. The most common phenolic acids identified from P. hydropiper were sinapic, salicylic+vanillic and ferulic acid presented in all the fractions. In addition, salicylic+vanillic, tannic+gallic, sinapic, ferulic and p-coumaric acid seemed to be important phenolic compounds in terms of quantity. However, salicylic+vanillic acids were the unique phenolic acids occurred in all the fractions of P. aviculare. The others such as tannic+gallic, sinapic, ferulic, p-coumaric acid, p-cresol and catechol present in large amount appeared also the important phenolic substances influencing allelopathic effects of P. aviculare. Linolenic acid and oxalic acid were the major fatty and organic acids in both plant species, presented in 2.38mg/g and 20.588mg/g in P. hydropiper, 3.70mg/g and 14.288mg/g in P. aviculare, respectively, which seem to be exhibiting allelopathic effects of these plants. Total alkaloids were presented in low amount such as 0.20% in P. hydropiper arid 0.22% in P. aviculare which may not be important elements. Pet. ether extracts were 2.42% in P. hydropiper and 1.65% in P. aviculare, which exhibit another potential for allelopathic effects that need further investigation. Various authentic phenolic compounds at different concentrations inhibited the germination of lettuce seed, indicating that the phenolic substances identified here may be directly related to biologically active substance.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2014

In this study, the antioxidative effects and component analysis of Polygonum aviculare (P. aviculare) extracts were investigated. The ethyl acetate and the aglycone fraction from P. aviculare extracts were more active than (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol and $\small{L}$-ascorbic acid, which are known as strong antioxidants for their antioxidative activity by the DPPH method and chemiluminescence assay. The cellular protective effects of fractions of P. aviculare on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes, increased in a concentration dependent manner ($1-10{\mu}l$). In particular, the ethyl acetate fraction at a concentration of $10{\mu}l$ showed the most prominent protective effect among all the extracts (${\tau}_{50}$, 314.70 min). TLC and HPLC chromatogram of the ethyl acetate fraction of P. aviculare extracts revealed 3 main bands (PA8, PA5, PA6) and peaks (peak 1, peak 2, peak 3), which were identified as myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside (myricitrin, PA8, peak 1), quercetin-3-${\alpha}$-rhamnoside (quercitrin, PA6, peak 3) by LC/ESI-MS/MS and $^1H$-NMR respectively. These results indicate that fractions from P. aviculare could be applicable to new functional cosmetics as antioxidants.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.222-227
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• 2012

In this study, nano-emulsion containing ethyl acetate fraction of Polygonum aviculare (P. aviculare) extract was prepared and skin permeability of the nano-emulsion was evaluated. Nano-emulsion was prepared using homogenizer and microfluidizer by the high-energy method. The droplet size and loading efficiency of nano-emulsion containing ethyl acetate fraction of P. aviculare extract were determined. The mean droplet size was 238 nm and the loading efficiency was more than 98%. The size distribution of nano-emulsion was a monodispersed form and nano-emulsion was more stable than that of using typical emulsion without using the microfluidizer. The in vitro skin permeation study of nano-emulsion containing ethyl acetate fraction of P. aviculare extract was carried out using Franz diffusion cells. Compared to 1,3-butylene glycol, nano-emulsion showed greater values of cumulative permeation of ethyl acetate fraction from P. aviculare extract. These results indicate that the stability and skin permeability of nano-emulsion containing ethyl acetate fraction of P. aviculare exerting anti-oxidative and anti-aging activities were enhanced.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1387-1390
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the solubility of the ingredients of the bilestone in the solution of the traditional oriental medicines. The cholesterol and the calcium carbonate(CaCO₃) were chosen as the ingredients of the bilestone. Coicis Semen, Polygonum aviculare L, Maydis Stigmata, Allium tuberosum Rottler, and Raphanus sativa var. hortensis for. acanthiformis Makino were studied as the oriental medicines for the bilestone. The cholesterol had showed no solubility in all solutions of the traditional oriental medicines, but the calcium carbonate had showed the good solubility in all solutions of the traditional oriental medicines except Coicis Semen.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1980

This study was undertaken to investigate the activity or the water extract of Polygonum aviculare Linne in vitro. Some of the purely isolated strains or dermatophytes were inoculated on Sabouraud's dextrose agar medium containing different concentrations of the Polygonum extracts and their growth was observed for about two weeks at room temperature. Then we measured the sizes of fungal colony grown in various conditions and compared them with those of Sabouraud's medium as control to determine fungistatic effectiveness of the extract. For additional study, slide cultures on Sabouraud's dextrose medium and Sabouraud's media containing 3ml/10ml extract were performed with Epidermophyton floccosum to observe the growth of hyphae, sporulation and other mycological findings. 1. The growth of Epidermo-phyton floccosum was completely inhibited in the media containing 3ml/l0ml Polygonum extract. 2. Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and microsporum canis were completely inhibited in several strains of each specimen and a moderate inhibitory effect was observed in all of another strains in the media containing the 3ml/10ml extract. 3. In the slide culture of Epidormophyton floccosum the hypha was thin and more desiccated. The characteristic macroco-nidia formation was not observed on the media containing 3ml/10ml Polygonum extract as compared with those findings of Sabouraud's dextrose control medium.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.247-250
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• 2010

We report Polygonum plebeium R.Br. (Polygonaceae) as an unrecorded species from the Geumgang River, Buyeo-gun; Galmae-dong, Guri-si; the Chungju Reservoir, Jecheon-si; the Daecheong Reservoir, Okcheon-gun; and the Daecheong Reservoir, Daejeon, in Korea. It is distinguished from P. aviculare by pedicels that articulate in the middle and by its smooth and shiny achenes. The new Korean name, 'Ae-Gi-Ma-Di-Pul', is given considering the small-sized plant. In this study, a description and illustrations of the species and photos of the habitat are provided.