• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of early puerperium symptoms and Blood Stasis Index in women during the first two weeks after childbirth. Methods: 38 women staying at Korean postpartum management facilities were studied. Questionnaires were filled out on the date of arrival and departure. Changes in overall physical conditions including neuropsychiatric, circulatory, digestive, musculoskeletal, and urogenital and breast symptoms as well as Blood Stasis Pattern were studied. Results: 1. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were shown in order of Depressed Feeling, Insomnia, Dizziness, Headache, and Easy to Anger and Nervous on arrival. All symptoms showed improvement after two weeks, without significance. 2. Circulatory symptoms were shown in order of Excessive Sweating, Edema, Fatigue, Hot Flash, Anemic Feeling, Alternating Chills and Fever, Cold Hypersensitivity, Chills, Oppression in the Chest, and Palpitation on arrival. Hot Flash, Excessive Sweating, and Edema showed significant improvement after two weeks. 3. Digestive symptoms were shown in order of Dyspepsia, Dry Mouth, Constipation, and Loss of Appetite. All symptoms showed improvement after two weeks, without significance. 4. Pain of Muscles & Joints showed improvement after two weeks, without significance. Pain of Teeth & Gingiva showed slight worsening after two weeks, without significance. 5. Urogenital and Breast symptoms were shown in order of Wound Pain, Fever and Distending Pain in the Breast, and Lower Abdominal Pain on arrival. All symptoms showed significant improvement after two weeks. 6. Blood Stasis Index showed significant improvement after two weeks. Conclusion: Most symptoms were improved in women staying at Korean postpartum management facilities for two weeks. Hot Flash, Excessive Sweating, Edema, Wound Pain, Lower Abdominal Pain, Fever and Distending Pain in the Breast and Blood Stasis Index showed significant improvement.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.61-78
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the current characteristics of outpatients with postpartum disease and provide a treatment instruction in the clinical field. Methods: To analyze characteristics of outpatients with postpartum disease, We searched medical records from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017 using Z34 (Supervision of normal pregnancy), O94 (Sequelae of complication of pregnancy), U327 (産後風) and 388 postpartum patients were analyzed. Results: 1. The general characteristics of the subjects are as follows. The average age was $33.73{\pm}3.62$ years old, 356 (91.75%) patients are full term pregnancy, 201 (51.81%) patients are first delivery, 79 (20.36%) patients had past history of abortion and 63 (16.24%) patients had past history of gynecologic disease. 2. The most subjects visited in April (10.31%). The mean duration from delivery date to visiting date was $131.5{\pm}214.6$ days. The mean number of visits after the initial visit was $1.91{\pm}1.7$. 3. The characteristics related with pregnancy and delivery are as follows. The number of subjects taken assisted reproductive technology was 19 (4.9%) and suffering from gestational disease was 28 (7.22%). The mean body weight difference between full term pregnancy and visiting date was $-8.24{\pm}3.57kg$. The number of subjects discharging lochia on visiting date was 167 (43.04%) and breastfeeding was 262 (67.53%). 4. The most chief complaint was arthralgia in 217 (55.93%) followed by general weakness, cold sensation, edema, sweating disorder, dizziness, lower abdominal pain, digestion disorder, heat sensation, defecation disorder and urination disorder. 5. The most accompanied symptom was arthralgia in 322 (82.99%), followed by sleep disorder, cold sensation, general weakness, sweating disorder, defecation disorder, edema, dizziness, digestion disorder, urination disorder, lower abdominal pain and heat sensation. 6. A total of 356 subjects were taken herbal medicine. The most prescribed herbal medicine to subjects was Gungguijohyeol-eum-gamibang (29.59%). Conclusions: These results could be helpful to diagnose and treat postpartum patients in Korean gynecologic clinical fields.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.116-131
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• 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to observe the changes of women's postpartum symptoms, the quality of life and depression scale over the first six weeks after childbirth. Methods: Twenty seven mothers who received Korean medical treatment in the outpatient department treatment (from September 27th, 2017 to January 5th, 2018) were evaluated for Verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS), edema index, EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS), and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Results: There were 17 high risk participants (63.0%) and 10 normal participants (37.0%). The VNRS of edema is the highest in the first week, and the VNRS of joint pain is the highest from the second week to the sixth week in all patients. The Extra Cellular Water/Total Body Water (ECW/TBW) of high risk group significantly decreased from $0.403{\pm}0.011$ to $0.387{\pm}0.006$(p<0.05) in the first 2 weeks. The ECW/TBW of normal group significantly decreased from $0.393{\pm}0.070$ to $0.383{\pm}0.011$ (p<0.05) in the first 2 weeks. The EQ-VAS of high risk group increased from $64.12{\pm}13.941$ to $69.35{\pm}18.155$ (p<0.05) in the first 2 weeks. But this difference was not significant statistically (p=0.234). The EQ-VAS of normal group significantly increased from $62.50{\pm}21.763$ to $74.00{\pm}9.661$ (p<0.05) in the first 2 weeks. The difference of EPDS was not statistically significant between the first week and the sixth week in every participants. Conclusions: VNRS was the highest in edema in the first week, joint pain was the highest from the second week to six week. The edema index of high risk groups was higher than that of the normal group in the first week (p<0.05). The EQ-VAS of normal group significantly increased (p<0.05) in the first 2 weeks but high risk group didn't. In the EPDS, the ratio of nine or more points of high risk group was more than twice than normal group in the first 2 weeks.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.81-91
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• 1974

The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of obstetric knowledge of pregnant women and postpartum mothers, and to contribute the data to community health teaching program as well as maternity nursing. 385 pregnant women and postpartum mothers visited at or admitted to Seoul Adventist Hospital were sampled. The results of the study were as follows. 1. 97.9% of the subjects were between the age of 21 to 35, most of them (82.9%) were housewives with high school education and with a middle class family background. 2. The first symptoms of pregnancy were amenorrhea (70.4%), nausea & vomiting (23.9%), change of skin color (1.6%). 3. 77.9% of the subjects did not know how to deal with morning sickness. 4. 52.9% did not know when the sex determination of the fetus-occurs. 5. Concerning the fetus position; 77.1% of them believed it lies head down. head up (12.0%). and not knowing (10.9%). 6. 73.2% recognized the need for a well balanced food during pregnancy. 7. As to the dangerous symptoms during pregnancy: vaginal bleeding was considered the 1st, edema, the and, continuous abdominal pain, the 3rd. 82% of them would confer with physician in case of vaginal bleeding. As to the type of activities restricted by pregnancy: hard exercise was considered first, travel the second, and coitus during 1st and last trimester of pregnancy the 3rd. 8. 82.4% of them visited antenatal clinic at the second or third month of amenorrhea and 88.5% realized the regular physical examination imperative. 9. The purpose of urine test was recognized correctly by 44.7%, blood test: 89.4%, B. P. and weight check ; 69.9%. 10. The need of breast care during pregnancy was recognized by 76.9% of the subject. 11. 75.8% realized that prenatal exercise was needed. The higher the education the better the understanding of the need for it before delivery. 12. The concept of postpartum period was understood correctly by 54.4%. 13. The state of uterus after delivery was understood correctly by 49.1% only. 14, Regarding the management of colostrums: 48.3% knew it was to feed infants, and it was to squeeze and discard 43.4%. 15. Dealing with postpartum exercise; 67.8% answered it was needed, 9.1% not needed, not heard about 23, 1%.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.57-66
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• 2010

Purpose: To provide basic informations for guidelines of Ginseng usage during lactation. Method: Based on a regulation of scope and preparation of herbal prescriptions by Ministry of health and welfare of Korea, we selected the formulae for postpartum care and disease in 7 Korean Medical Classics. And we searched the number of formulae including Ginseng, dosage and indications of Ginseng in formulae in those books. Results: The range of Ginseng dosage during lactation from medical classics is 1.5-18.75g/day for medical purposes. Indications of Ginseng are lethargy, excessive bleeding, asthma, fever, cold, pain, dizziness, mental disorder, spasm, digestive problem, constipation, diarrhea, urinary incontinence, edema, breast engorgement, lack of breastmilk, breast ulcer, etc. But Ginseng had not been used in the case of stroke, epistaxis, beginning of mastitis, tumor of lower abdomen. Conclusions: Ginseng should be recommended less than 1.5g/d as a nutritional supplement. If breastfeeding woman wants to take Ginseng as a medication or as a tonic, she should consult with a official specialist about proper prescription and dosage instead of risky random medication.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.85-89
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• 2004

This study is illustrated that 1) the effects of DEHP administration on body weight, sex ratio and litter size on 19 days in the prenatal period 2) the effects of reproductive organ weight and blood hematological values on 25 days postpartum in pregnant mice. DEHP was administrated to pregnant mice by intraperitoneal injection at 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 10.0mg/kg B.W from day 1 to day 16 in the gestation period with 5 times at 3 days interval. There were no significantly differences in the material body weight, litter size and sex ratio on 19 days in the prenatal period. The body weight of the fatal male mice was slightly lower in 1.0 and 10.0mg DEHP groups than in any other groups. The reproductive organ weight and hematological values in dam mice on 25 days postpartum were not affected by DEHP administration. The histological evaluation of ovary in dam mice on 25 days after dilivery was not different in all experimental groups, but the endometriosis and edema of uterus in dam mice were significantly decreased in 0.5mg DEHP group than that of control group.These results indicate that the administration of low concentration of DEHP was not affected on reproductive characteristic and blood hematological values in pregnant mice.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.356-360
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• 2001

일시적 혹은 단기간의 심폐보조는 여러 형태의 심부전에서 널리 이용되어 왔다. 이 중 체외막산소화장치는 고식적 치료에 반응없는 환자에서 주로 사용되는데, 소아에서는 자주 이용되어 왔으나 성인에서는 그 적응증이 명확하지 않았으며 결과도 만족스럽지 못했다. 환자는 승모판 협착증을 가진 32세의 여자로 제왕절개술후 발생한 폐부종으로 내원하였다. 내원시 환자는 쇽상태로 강심제, 폐혈관확장제, 이뇨제등에 반응이 없었다. 우측 대퇴정-동맥캐뉼라를 통하여 14시간동안 체외막산소화장치를 이용하였으며, 환자상태는 가동 즉시 호전을 보였다. 이후 양측판막치환술을 시행하였고 수술 후에도 체외막산호화장치를 지속하였다. 체외막산호화장치는 수술시간을 포함하여 모두 62시간동안 가동하였으며, 이탈(weaning)은 안정된 혈류역학, 호전된 폐부종, 기저질환의 교정등을 통하여 성공적으로 이루어졌다. 환자는 판막수술 후 30일째 특별한 합병증없이 퇴원하였다.

• 모자간호학회지
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• v.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 1991

Various minor discomforts are reported to be complained by the pregnant women. but what were and how much were they complained has not been revealed until recently. So, These lack of knowledge have given nurses difficulties in planning of care to promote the health during the pregnancy. Objectives of this study were to identify the rate of complaints in each minor discomforts and to explore the influencing factor on reduction of complaints of minor discomforts. The subjects were 120 mothers, who delivered their babies in hospital, from September to December 1990 and the reason why the postpartum mothers were selected as the subjects were minor discomforts could develope during the entire period of pregnancy. Data were gathered by the questionnares and analized statistically using SAS and SPSS program. Results were as follows. 1. More than one third of the subjects complained frequent urination, fatigue, increase of the vaginal discharge, morning sickness, the increased urination at night, pain in leg, backache, edema in leg, constipation, dyspnea, varicose vein, flatulence, headache. 2. Minor discomforts complained to be severe in more than one third of the subjects were frequent urination and increased urination at night. 3. The influencing factor to reduce the complaints of minor discomfort was revealed to be the perceived family support (r=0.030431, t=0.0007). We suggest that nurses should emphasize the importance of the family support to the pregnant women and their family, and to explore the relationships among the locus of control, the perceived family support and the complaints of minor discomforts.